258 “to be there as a peon”: Esquire, November 1987.
The excluded establishment … $400, 000 in taxes: New York Times, August 25, 1979; August 29, 1979; and May 27, 1980.
259 “They stopped everything”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
Diana Ross was there: Vanity Fair, March 1996.
Later the club owners’: Ibid.
“consummated the country’s”: Esquire, November 1987.
“The gay physical ideal”: Ibid.
260 “I said, ‘I can’t’” … “on the GAA side”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
262 “Will you talk to” … gay organizations in America: Eric Marcus, Making History, 242–49.
“We all trudged out”: Author’s interview with Jeff Katzoff, September 30, 1994.
“She saw for the first”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
263 “packed to the gills”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
“I walked in, and I”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
“very high ceiling”: Author’s interview with Jeff Katzoff, September 30, 1994.
“This was before S0H0” … “the way I did”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, June 1, 1995.
V: THE EIGHTIES
269 “I don’t think people’s”: Author’s interview with John Fairchild, May 2, 1995.
“San Francisco is where gay”: Edmund White, States of Desire, 30.
“What everyone had wanted was”: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 20. “Out of the closets and”: Author’s personal knowledge.
“a watershed”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
270 By 1980, in response: Author’s article in Entertainment West July 15, 1979.
The National Gay Task Force: New York Times, May 24, 1979.
“I was more interested”: Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, xv.
After the tennis star: New York Times Magazine, May 2, 1982.
“from getting involved in a public”: Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1982.
271 “so dangerous that they”: Edward Alwood, Straight News, 184–85.
“It was a very decadent”: CBS transcript, “Gay Power, Gay Politics.”
“It’s shocking that CBS News”: Edward Alwood, Straight News, 187.
“gay window advertising”: New York Times, May 2, 1982.
Randy Alfred, a freelance: E-mail from Randy Alfred to the author, June 5, 1997.
273 The election also meant: New York Times, October 10 and 13, 1980.
“We must affirm the dignity”: Ibid., October 30, 1980; and Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 43.
274 Another senseless shooting … remained incarcerated in 1996: New York Times, November 20 and 21, 1980; and July 27, 1981.
276 “From this blow”: Theodore H. White, The Making of the President, 1968, 36. “Homosexuals want your children” … “two-to-one margin”: Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street, 229–30.
After Mrs. Reagan’s sixtieth: Washington Post, March 18, 1984.
277 “a trim, precisely groomed man”: New York Times, September 26, 1980.
“perennial bachelor”: Ibid., July 10, 1981.
Six autographed pictures of Reagan: Washington Post, May 7, 1985.
“generous nature, great warmth”: New York Times, December 19, 1981.
“He’s all man”: Newsweek, July 21, 1980.
“White House wasn’t that homophobic”: Author’s interview with Steven R. Weisman, June 6, 1995.
“best-little-boy-in-the-world” … “not have been a problem”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
278 “The inherent tragedy”: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America, 230.
279 “Doctors in New York”: New York Times, July 3, 1981.
281 “I was in a state” … “throw of the dice”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 10, 1995.
282 A federal study at the beginning: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 132.
283 (By comparison, less than three): According to John Ellis’s World War II Data Book, 16,354,000 Americans served in World War II, and 450,000 Americans were killed.
“a time when the streets”: New York Times Magazine, July 9, 1989.
“completely unpredictable”: Author’s interview with nurse, 1988.
“All your other blood work”: Author’s interview with “James Blair,” February 4, 1993.
284 A typical disaster: New York Times Magazine, June 16, 1991, and New York Times, May 9, 1994.
285 In April 1982, Westmoreland: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 143, 186–87.
One of the administration’s first: Ibid., 55, 173; and New York Times, February 16, 1981.
286 “as gays see it”: Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1982.
287 “let people know”: Author’s interview with Max Frankel, 1992.
He was born in Davenport: New York Times, February 18, 1994.
288 At Oregon, Shilts studied: Ibid.
“know they have somebody”: Ibid., October 31, 1987.
“Writing about the gay”: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 20.
289 “They’ll put barbed wire”: Ibid., 253–56.
“virtually an article of faith” … “between gays and heterosexuals”: Ibid., 228, 253–56, 541.
(Researchers at the Centers): Ibid., 116.
“We’re both in it”: Ibid., 422.
290 In an excruciating irony: New York Times, June 18, 1994.
“I certainly wasn’t interested”: Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, xvi.
“Why do faggots have to”: Larry Kramer, Faggots.
291 “Stripped of humanity”: Shilts, And the Band Played On, 90.
“In Western Christian culture”: “Sexual Choice, Sexual Act: An Interview with Michel Foucault, “Salmagundi 58–59 (Fall 1982-Winter 1983): 10–24.
Quoted in Richard A. Isay, Being Homosexual, 133.
“before you fuck yourself: Larry Kramer, Faggots.
“The Ice Palace in the Grove” … “Meat Rack was like”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
292 “angered everyone, of course”: Larry Kramer (BBC documentary).
“The men who have been”: Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, 8.
293 “something we are doing”: New York Native, December 21, 1981-January 3, 1982, reproduced in Reports from the Holocaust, 14.
“I think the concealed meaning”: Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, 16.
“The first one was Gay: Ibid., 13.
“Larry made this impassioned plea”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
294 “A paltry $769.55 was collected: Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, 15.
“They thought that this” … “why I’m alive today”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
295 Her name was Mathilde Krim … deserved to die: New York Times, February 14, 1988.
297 “had sex with Dugas”: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 147.
psychoanalyst Richard Isay: Richard A. Isay, Being Homosexual, 69.
“Of course I’m going to”: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 83, 138–147, 200.
“German and six feet four” … “other diseases”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
298 death as liver failure: New York Times, August 8, 1980.
“He was dishonest”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
“It was one of those”: Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, 23.
299 Later, Kramer admitted: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 120.
“I read a letter from”: Larry Kramer (BBC documentary). “sophisticated social-service” … “with the AIDS crisis”: New York Times, December 5, 1983.
30
0 “already my last summer” … “what keeps me going”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
302 “in a way that I think” … “not convinced at all”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
304 “Gina Kolata wrote a story”: New York Times, June 7, 1988.
“And as a result, antibodies” … “don’t get the virus”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
307 In 1996, there was apparent: New York Times, April 4, 1996; and August 9, 1996.
“make the community much more”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
308 “monogamist … stirring panic”: Shilts, And the Band Played On, 182.
“If this article doesn’t”: Reprinted in Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, 33.
“The mysterious AIDS organism” … “diseases such as hepatitis B”: New York Times Magazine, February 6, 1983.
309 “Many people, especially” … “reinforced at home”: New York Times, October 23, 1986. The Times underplayed this story, printing it not on the front page, where it belonged, but on page A24.
310 “that giving up careless”: Reprinted in Larry Kramer, Reports from the Holocaust, 46.
Gibson had grown up … “relatively unscathed”: Author’s interview with Charles Gibson, December 5, 1991.
313 David Bartolomi was born … “enough to be educated”: Author’s interview with David Bartolomi, May 6, 1996.
315 In 1984, Todd Alexius Long … “instead of against”: Author’s interview with Xax, September 18, 1996.
317 “He was absolutely adamant”: Author’s interview with Edward I. Koch, July 25, 1995.
“affectional or sexual preference”: CRS Report for Congress, July 18, 1996.
“was an extraordinary lawyer”: New York Times, February 13, 1997.
“abnormal” … “sin”: Ibid., March 17, 1986, March 21, 1986; and author’s interview with Edward I. Koch, July 25, 1995.
318 As late as 1992: Richard A. Isay, Becoming Gay, 170–72.
“fewer fevers, the disappearance”: New York Times, March 14, 1986.
Ten years later, activists: Most of this account is taken from David J. Garrow’s Liberty and Sexuality, which provides an extremely detailed description of the Court’s deliberations in Bowers v. Hardwick (653–67).
319 “a decent and moral”: New York Times, April 1, 1986.
five apparent votes: David J. Garrow, Liberty and Sexuality, 660.
“I hate homos”: Ibid.
The other justices who initially: Ibid.
“To claim that a right”: New York Times, July 1, 1986.
“The majority has distorted”: Ibid.
320 A Gallup poll revealed that: Newsweek, July 14, 1986, quoted in David J. Garrow, Liberty and Sexuality, 665.
“a major disaster from our”: New York Times, July 1, 1986.
“apparently unaware”: David J. Garrow, Liberty and Sexuality, 658–59.
“probably made a mistake”: Ibid., 667.
321 “marched and demonstrated” … “getting arrested”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 483–84.
“loud and rude”: New York Times Magazine, July 9, 1989.
“weak, ravaged [and] deserving”: Ibid.
322 “extremely handsome” … “everyone else up too”: Michelangelo Signorile, Queer in America, 54–58.
“ejected the startled occupant”: Wall Street Journal, December 7, 1989.
On another occasion, ACT UP members forced: New York Times Magazine, July 9, 1989.
“This is about constantly”: Wall Street Journal, December 7, 1989.
“‘The tribe’” has given way: New York Times Magazine, July 9, 1989.
323 Some protesters lay down: New York Times, December 11, 1989.
“was telling the general public”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 485–86.
“kind of ironic”: New York Times, December 11, 1989.
“People were horrified”: Author’s interview with Alice McGillion, October 15, 1996.
324 “No teaching whose net effect” … “energy into other actions”: New York Times, January 4, 1990.
Johnny Franklin told: Wall Street Journal, December 7, 1989.
“a major shift long”: New York Times, June 26, 1989.
“very polite”: Ibid., October 21, 1989.
325 “I think the most impressive”: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 283.
“It’s pretty hard to hate”: Author’s interview with Andrew Tobias, December 27, 1996.
“The pain gay people”: New York Times Magazine, October 11, 1992.
VI: THE NINETIES
329 “New York is the best”: Author’s interview with Rick Whitaker, July 2, 1996.
330 By the beginning of … “potent political force, indeed”: New York Times Magazine, October 11, 1992.
331 The Democratic National Convention: Chris Bull and John Gallagher, Perfect Enemies, 85.
“vote this year as if: Ibid., 85–87.
“life style choice”: New York Times, November 7, 1992.
332 “the sexual revolution has begun”: Quoted in Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, 311.
“There is a culture war”: Chris Bull and John Gallagher, Perfect Enemies, 88.
“This is the most”: New York Times, August 20, 1992.
“behind the scenes”: Ibid., August 19, 1992.
333 “Privately top Bush”: Ibid., August 20, 1992.
“a multicultural, nihilistic”: Ibid.
“Bible-believing Christians”: Chris Bull and John Gallagher, Perfect Enemies, 84.
“Upper-middle-class suburban”: New York Times Magazine, October 11, 1992.
“I think there was”: Ibid.
334 “This is a rite of passage”: New York Times, November 5, 1992.
voters approved a ban on: Chris Bull and John Gallagher, Perfect Enemies, 119.
For a complete account of the battle over admitting gays into the military, see ibid., 125–61.
“completely sympathetic” … “participated in that”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
336 “skin color is a benign”: Ibid.
“inoculate the pro-ban forces”: Chris Bull and John Gallagher, Perfect Enemies, 134.
“The military may have greater”: New York Times, January 26, 1993.
“The truth is that without”: National Review, April 26, 1993.
337 “damn lesbian”: New York Times, May 25, 1993.
“I think he’s gotten an enormous”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
On the other side of: New York Times, February 11, 1996; and April 26, 1996.
338 “an extreme expression”: Ibid., March 30, 1993.
339 In the early 1980s, Seagrams: New York Times Magazine, May 2, 1982.
Out’s first issue featured ads … Baileys Original Irish Cream: Out, February 1996 and April 1996.
340 “It all comes down to”: New York Times, February 23, 1994.
“a variety of converging” … “purpose and love”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
343 “the most powerful AIDS therapy”: New York Times, February 2, 1996.
“I started in the spring” … “have a life again”: Author’s interview with Xax, September 18, 1996.
344 the number of deaths from AIDS: New York limes, July 15, 1997.
“AIDS has been the best” … “everyone wake up”: Author’s interview with Xax, September 18, 1996.
“The place for creative”: Peter J. Gomes, The Good Book, 141.
345 “One century ago, the first” … “racial or religious bias”: New York Times, May 21, 1996.
“This is the most important”: Response to author’s question at press conference held at Lesbian and Gay Community Center in Manhattan, May 20, 1996. “It’s about the tenor of’ … “entry into heaven”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, May 26, 1996.
Abell, Tyler, editor. Drew Pearson: Diaries, 1949–1959. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974.
Albury, Simon, and John Sheppard, producers; Ron Caird, executive producer. Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (documentary). London: Grenada Television, 1987.
Almquist, Leann Grabavoy. “Joseph Alsop and American Foreign Policy.”
Altman, Lawrence K. “Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals,” New York Times, July 3, 1981.
Alwood, Edward. Straight News. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Aspinall, Neil, executive producer; Chips Chipperfield, producer; Geoff Wonfor, director; Bob Smeaton, series director and writer; Andy Matthews, editor; interviews by Jools Holland and Bob Smeaton. The Beatles Anthology (documentary). First broadcast in America on ABC, November 23, 1995.
Auden, W. H. Collected Poems. Edward Mendelson, editor. New York: Random House, 1976.
Bacevich, A. J. “Gays and Military Culture,” National Review, April 26, 1993.
Bayer, Ronald. Homosexuality and American Psychiatry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Bennett, Stephanie, and Patrick Montgomery, producers; Stephanie Bennett and Jeannie Sakol, executive producers; David Silver, writer. The Compleat Beatles (documentary). Delilah Films, 1982.
Bérubé, Allan. Coming Out Under Fire. New York: Plume, 1991.
Bogarde, Dirk. Snakes and Ladders. London: Chatto and Windus, 1978.
Boswell, John: Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981 (reprint).
———. Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe. New York: Villard, 1994.
Boynton, Robert S. “God and Harvard,” New Yorker, November 11, 1970.
Brown, Peter, and Steven Gaines. The Love You Make: An Insider’s Story of the Beatles. London: Pan, 1984.
Bull, Chris, and John Gallagher. Perfect Enemies: The Religious Right, the Gay Movement and the Politics of the 1990s. New York: Crown, 1996.
Burton, Humphrey. Leonard Bernstein. New York: Doubleday, 1994.
Capote, Truman. Answered Players. New York: Plume, 1988.
Chauncey, George, Jr. “The Policed: Gay Men’s Strategies of Everyday Resistance.” In Inventing Times Square: Commerce and Culture at the Crossroads of the World, William R. Taylor, editor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1991.
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