Big Band Jazz in Black West Virginia
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National Guard armories. See West Virginia National Guard, armories of
National Industrial Recovery Act, 28, 30
National Recovery Administration (NRA), 30, 31, 43
Nelson, Charles “Turk,” 137
New Dardenella Girls, 92
New Orleans, Louisiana, 48, 51, 69, 99, 104
New York, New York, 99, 104, 105, 111, 115, 126, 128, 138
Newberry, South Carolina, 27
Norfolk & Western Railway (N&W), 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 51, 141
North Carolina, 15, 16, 20, 56, 95
Northfork, West Virginia, 142
Nunn, William G., 136
Office of Defense Transportation, 168
Ohio, 8, 9, 11, 15, 51, 92
Oliver, Joe “King,” and his Victor Recording Orchestra, 4, 48, 51, 56, 57, 70, 79, 88, 106, 120, 121, 125, 133, 138, 145, 177
Oliver, [Melvin James] “Sy,” 115
Omega Psi Phi, 83
Original Diamond Band, 48
Owens, Ernest, 23, 143, 150
Oxley, Harold, 112, 136, 169
Palomar Ballroom, 125
Parker, Virginia “Peppy,” 72, 88
Parkersburg, West Virginia, 10, 65, 113, 161, 162
Pennsylvania, 8, 92
“Percentage dates,” 53, 79, 152
Perkins, Lola, 146, 148
Perkins, Thomas, 146, 148
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 82, 84, 99, 159
Pianos and parlor music, 23
Piedmont, West Virginia, 74–75, 86, 113, 138
Piedmont City Band, 76
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 12, 51, 94, 128, 137, 138
Pittsburgh Courier, 4, 61, 65, 66, 83, 89, 97, 99, 128, 133, 135, 137, 138
Most Popular Dance Band contest of, 97, 98–100, 118, 149
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896), 24
Pocahontas, Virginia, 17
Pocahontas coalfield, 14, 16
Poore, Richard, 70
Porter, Cole, 115, 159
Price Hill, West Virginia, 36, 144, 145– 47, 177–78
Price Hill Colliery Company, 36, 45, 147
Promotion of dances, 133
Providence, Rhode Island, 161
Public Works Administration, 30
Purnell, William “Keg,” 70
Radio, 19, 23, 58, 62–65, 97, 99, 100, 109, 113, 126, 149, 151, 153, 170
“Radio Highlights.” See Eckstein, Allen E.
Railroads in West Virginia. See individual railroads
Raleigh County, West Virginia, 6, 14, 27, 44, 109, 137, 143, 145
Raschel, Jimmie, and his New Orleans Ramblers, 104
Recordings and phonographs, 18, 19, 23, 110, 111–12, 126, 149
Redman, Don, 66, 69, 70, 72, 107, 111, 125, 149, 177
Redman, Louis, and his Bellhops, 72
Rena, Henry “Kid,” 48
Ribble, Rufus E. “Red,” 36, 144, 147
Richmond, Virginia, 136
Riley’s Nighthawks, 66, 82
Robinson, Robert L., 131, 142
Rockwell-O’Keefe, 46, 89, 132
Rogers, Henry Huddleston, 14
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, administration of, 7, 28, 30, 102, 172
Roosevelt Grill, Hotel Roosevelt, 150, 174
Rose Garden Inn, 73, 133
Russell, Charles “Inky,” and His Orchestra, 88
Saunders, Charles, 137, 139
Saunders, Talitha G., 66, 118, 143, 149
Savoy Ballroom, Harlem, New York City, 94, 151, 153, 174
Scott, Cecil, and his Orchestra, 125
Scott, Sam, 146
Shaw, Arvell, 127
Shelton, Clarence F., 131, 142
Shelton, James A., 130, 131, 142
Silas Green from New Orleans. See Musical life in black West Virginia before the 1930s: tent shows
Sissle, Noble, and his Orchestra, 4, 23, 45, 65, 66, 99, 108–10, 119, 121, 125, 137, 139, 143, 149, 162, 177
Smith, Bessie, 17
Smith, Bobby, and his Collegians, 105
Snelson, Floyd, 98
Social classes of black West Virginians, 163, 172, 174–75
South Carolina, 15, 16, 20, 27, 56
“Stardust,” 79
Stepin Fetchit Review, 84
Stewart, “Smiling” Billy, and his Floridians, 104
Stock arrangements, 68–69, 70, 79
Summers County, West Virginia, 18
Sunset Royal Serenaders, 46, 125
Sweet music vs. hot jazz, 79, 86, 116, 149, 150–51, 153, 162–63, 172–73
Tams, William Purvience, 35, 38–43, 165, 166
Tate, Erskine, and his Vendome Theater Orchestra, 45, 96–97
Taylor County, West Virginia, 138
Tennessee, 3, 44, 95
Tent shows. See Musical life in black West Virginia
Terrell, Pha, 152, 157
Territory bands, 68, 86–87, 122
Toledo, Ohio, 87
Toots, Hartley, and his Orchestra, 132, 145
Trent, Alphonso, 46, 51, 84
Tuxedo Club, 140
Uniontown, Pennsylvania, 113
United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), 7, 24, 28–29, 30, 31, 43, 46, 67, 102, 171
Local 17 of, 30
Universal Promoters, 132, 136, 137, 160
Utica, New York, 73
Vanity Fair Ballroom, 45, 46, 108, 132, 160
Vendome Theater, 96
Virginia, 3, 7, 13, 16, 21, 24, 44, 50, 56, 87
Virginian Railway, 10, 14–15
Vivian, West Virginia, 17
Wade, Sam, 142
Waller, Thomas “Fats,” 85, 115
War, West Virginia, 17
War Production Board, 167
Washington, Booker T., 175
Washington, Chester “Chet,” 128
Watkins, Edward, and his Serenaders, 72–73, 140
Watkins, Harry, 72, 83
Watkins, Lena, 143
“Wave Lengths.” See Eckstein, Allen E.
WBRW (Welch, West Virginia, radio station), 65
WBTH (Williamson, West Virginia, radio station), 65
WCSH (Charleston, West Virginia, radio station), 65
Webb, Lawrence Arthur “Speed,” and his Orchestra, 20, 45, 92, 125, 140, 156
Webb, William Henry “Chick,” and His Chicks, 57, 94, 132, 149, 151, 155–56, 158, 174
Welch, West Virginia, 26, 44, 64, 104, 108, 109, 128, 131, 133, 140, 142, 156
West, James A., 46, 128, 130, 137, 157
West Palm Beach, Florida, 95, 99
West Virginia, 3, 11, 14
constitution of 1872, 25
geologic history of, 7–9, 40– 41
growth of black population, 5–6
topography of, 92. See also individual counties and communities
West Virginia National Guard, 29
armories of, 45, 46, 95, 96, 107, 108, 109, 129, 131, 133, 137–38, 139, 145, 157, 159, 160
West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, 74, 77
West Virginia State College, 27, 46, 66, 70, 73, 81, 83, 91, 100, 104, 105, 120, 128, 140, 149, 156, 160, 162, 174
West Virginia State College Club, 45, 108
West Virginia State Collegians, 82, 83, 162
West Virginia State Scrollers, 83, 119
Weston, West Virginia, 113
Wheeling, West Virginia, 17, 19, 65, 92, 94, 100, 104, 107, 108, 109, 149, 160, 161, 177
WHIS (Bluefield, West Virginia, radio station), 72
White audiences for black bands in West Virginia, 78, 108, 176–77
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, 136
Whittaker, Yancy, 137, 160
Whyte, Zach, and his Chocolate Beau Brummels, 94, 104, 139
Wilberforce College, 83
Wilder, Joe, 25
Wilder, Virginia, 27
Willet, Francis “Chappie,” 70, 82, 84, 91, 120, 159
Williams, Roscoe, 146
Williamson, West Virginia, 15, 16, 17, 21, 50, 64, 106, 131
Winding Gulf, West Virginia, 66, 118, 143
Winding Gulf coalfield, 14, 16
WLOG (Logan, West Virginia, radio station), 65
WLW (Cincinnati, Ohio, radio station), 61, 64, 65, 84, 95, 98, 100
WMMN (Fairmont, West Virginia, radio station), 128, 129
WOBU (Charleston, West Virginia, radio station), 64, 65, 66, 70, 82, 83, 174
World War II, impact on dance bands, 167–69. See Office of Defense
Transportation
War Production Board
WPAR (Parkersburg, West Virginia, radio station), 65
WSAZ (Huntington, West Virginia, radio station), 65
WWVA (Wheeling, West Virginia, radio station), 65
Wyoming County, West Virginia, 14, 16, 30, 78
Yellow Jacket, 66, 83, 149