Cleopatra
Page 21
Jewish community 124, 149, 212, 214
Library 6, 11, 38, 52, 122, 148
Nemesion 8
Pharos lighthouse 5–6, 229, 231
Serapion 8
Strabo’s account of 4–8
Timonium 7–8, 199
tomb of Alexander 6–7, 40
Amun 23, 24, 32
Amun-Ra 23
Amyot, Jacques 215
Anatolia 131
Antigonus I Monophthalmus 31
Antioch 182, 185
Antiochus III the Great 40, 41
Antiochus IV 42
Antiochus IX 45
Antiochus VIII Grypus 44, 45
Antipatros (father of Herod of Judaea) 123
Antipatros (regent of Alexander’s empire) 31
Antonia (warship) 6, 198, 199
Antonius, Caius 160, 161
Antonius, Marcus see Mark Antony
Antonius Antyllus, Marcus 177, 188, 189, 200, 202, 207
Antonius Creticus, Marcus 158, 159, 160
Antony and Cleopatra (Cibber) 220
Antony and Cleopatra (film) 136
Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare) 67, 215, 216–19
Anubis 126
Aphrodite 12, 25, 172
Apis bull 10, 19, 22, 107, 181
Apollodorus 118, 129
Appian 163, 211
Appian Way 71, 72, 136
archaeological finds 229–30
Archelaos 56, 97
Ariobarzanes of Cappadocia 111
Aristotle 51
Armenia 185, 186, 187, 193
Arminius 75
Arrian 31
Arruntius, Lucius 197
Arsinoe II 24, 36, 37, 38, 39
Arsinoe III 39, 40
Arsinoe IV 51, 121, 122, 123, 134, 150–1, 174, 175, 231–2
Artavasdes of Armenia 185, 186
Artemis 20, 51, 66
arts, Cleopatra’s portrayal in the 213–27
Asclepius 21
Athens 55, 80, 192
augurs 165, 179
Augustus, Emperor see Octavian
Auletes see Ptolemy XII Auletes
Babylon Fossatum 9
Bacchus 9, 66
banking 16
banquets 125, 173, 188–9
Banton, Travis 225
Bara, Theda 223
barge, Cleopatra’s 106–7, 172, 219
Bastet 20
battle formations, Roman 76–7
Beerbohm Tree, Herbert 220
Berenice II 39
Berenice III 46
Berenice IV 47, 51, 54, 56, 57, 96, 97
Berkeley, Busby 224
Bernhardt, Sarah 220
Bes 49, 126
Bibulus, Marcus Calpurnius 95
birthing-houses 49, 50, 147–8
bitumen trade 183, 193
black Cleopatra 41, 48, 227, 232–3
Bogud of Mauretania 195
Boudicca 37, 196
Britons 37, 76
Brundisium 111, 166, 178
Brutus, Decimus 169
Brutus, Lucius Junius 65
Brutus, Marcus Junius 141, 151, 153, 156, 157, 167
Buchis bull 103–4, 106
bull cult 10, 19, 22–3, 103–4, 106, 107, 126, 181
bureaucracy, Egyptian 16–17, 37
Burton, Richard 225, 226
Caesar and Cleopatra (film) 224–5
Caesar and Cleopatra (Shaw) 220–1
Caesar, Julius 8, 17, 54, 64, 89–95, 109–16, 130, 131–2
alleged homosexuality 77, 90–1
assassination of 78, 141–2, 145
crosses the Rubicon 110, 112, 166
dictator of Rome 133, 139, 140
and Egyptian civil war 116, 117–18, 121–3
family background 89–90
first triumvirate 85, 94–5
Gallic wars 97, 98, 108
Great Caesarium, Alexandria 7, 148
invasion of Britain 77
meets Cleopatra 118–21
military career 90, 94–5
Nile progress with Cleopatra 128
offered kingship 133, 140
political offices 91–2, 93
Pontifex Maximus 92, 133
relationship with Cleopatra 121, 123–8, 134–9, 146–7
and Roman civil wars 109–14, 131–2, 166, 168
will 139–40
Caesarion 128, 129–30, 135, 140, 147, 150, 153, 174, 182, 184, 187, 191, 199–200, 202, 212–13
Cagnacci, Guido 219
calendar
Egyptian 38
Julian 139
Caligula, Emperor 208
Callimachos 109, 127
Calpurnia (wife of Julius Caesar) 120, 141, 145
Cameron, James 227
Camillus, Marcus 71
Cannae, battle of 73
Canopus 229
Cappadocia, Cappadocians 111, 193
Capua 62–3
Caratacus 137
carpet legend 117, 118, 120
Carrhae, battle of 99
Carry on Cleo (film) 118, 242
Carthage 72, 74
Casca, Publius 141
Cassius Dio, Lucius 138, 156, 197, 198, 203, 211, 230
Cassius Longinus, Gaius 141, 151, 153–4, 157, 165, 166
Catalina, Lucius Sergius 92–3
Cataline conspiracy 92–3, 161
Catherine the Great of Russia 234
Cato, Gaius Porcius 85
Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder) 74
Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Younger) 55, 94, 96, 100, 108, 132
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius 79, 92
Caudine Forks, battle of the 70
cavalry
Parthian 99, 185
Roman 77
Ceausescu, Nicolai 239
census 139
Charmion 106, 201, 203, 204
Chaucer, Geoffrey 213–14
childbirth, Egyptian 50–1, 129
Christianity 25
Christina of Sweden 234
Cibber, Colley 220
Cicero, Marcus Tullius 61, 67, 90, 93, 98, 101, 108, 131, 138, 146, 147, 155, 156, 158, 159, 167, 168, 169
Cilicia, Cilicians 159, 168, 183, 187
Cilician Gates, battle of the 182
Cimber, Tillius 141
Cinna, Lucius Cornelius 80
Cisalpine Gauls 71
civil service, Egyptian 16, 37
Claudius, Emperor 208
Claudius Caecus, Appius 72
Claudius Pulcher, Appius 100
Cleomenes 31, 39–40
Cleopatra I 41, 42
Cleopatra II 42, 43, 44
Cleopatra III 44, 45
Cleopatra IV 45
Cleopatra V Tryphaena 44, 45, 47, 51, 54, 56, 96, 97
Cleopatra VII
attire 105–6
birth and early life 48–54
black Cleopatra thesis 41, 48, 227, 232–3
children see Alexander
Helios; Caesarion;
Cleopatra Selene;
Ptolemy Philadelphus
co-rulership 57, 98, 102, 120, 124, 150, 184, 187
education 52–3
and Egyptian civil war 109–10, 114, 116, 117–18, 121–3
family background see Ptolemies
fatale monstrum portrayal 12, 211, 228–9
in art, film and literature 213–27
Isis identification 12, 24–5, 106, 126, 138, 147, 149, 172, 187, 208
language skills 53–4, 109–10, 194
legendary and historical accounts 209–12, 233–7
and Mark Antony’s suicide 202
marries Antony 182–3
marries Caesar 124
meets Caesar 118–21
meets Mark Antony 57, 163, 171–3
meets Octavian 202–3
mixed heritage 34
physical appearance 120, 233
relationship with Caesar 121, 123–8, 134–9, 146–7
relationship with Mark Antony 171–7, 184, 185–7, 188
–9
sexuality 119, 120, 173–4
snake legend 204, 210, 219
suicide 203–4
temple-building 147–8
tomb 7, 229–31
visits Rome 55–6, 96–7, 134–9, 149–50
wealth 16, 174, 184, 200, 203
Cleopatra Selene 44, 45, 181, 187, 209, 212
Cleopatra (film: DeMille) 222, 223–4
Cleopatra (film: Mankiewicz) 225–6
Cleopatre (Massenet) 221
Clodius Pulcher, Publius 93, 100–1, 161–2, 164
coinage 16, 33, 110, 130, 149, 183, 187, 208
Colbert, Claudette 223
Collier, Constance 220
Commagenians 111
consuls 66, 68, 70, 74–5, 81, 82, 169, 191
contraception 148
Cornelia (wife of Pompey the Great) 99–100, 114, 115
Corsica 179
cosmetics 172
courtesans 161, 166–7
Crassus, Marcus Licinius 54, 68–9, 70–1, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 92, 94–5, 99, 137, 163, 174, 185
Crassus, Publius Canidius 189, 193, 196
Crete 159, 183, 187
Crocodilopolis 10
Curio, Gaius Scribonius 112, 160, 166
Cybiosictes 56
Cyprus 121, 151, 172, 183
Cyrenia 23, 43, 44, 183, 187
Dante 214
Deiotarus 111
deities
Egyptian 12, 19–20, 21, 22–5, 38–9, 49, 103–4, 126
Greek 20, 21, 24–5, 31, 51
Roman 19, 20, 66
Dellius, Quintus 157, 170, 171, 194, 209
DeMille, Cecil B. 222, 223–4
Dendera 11, 24, 127, 147, 181
Dido of Carthage 210
Didymus 148
Diodorus Siculus 12
Dionysus 37, 66, 99, 139, 172, 180, 187
Neos Dionysus 8–9, 40, 47, 106, 172
Divine Comedy (Dante) 214
Dolabella, Gnaeus Cornelius 91
Dolabella, Publius Cornelius 152, 153, 168
Donations of Alexandria 186–7, 207
Dyrrachium 113
eagle emblem 33, 46, 77
economy, Egyptian 16, 37–8, 149
Edfu 147
education 17, 52–3
Egypt
administration 16
civil war 109–10, 114, 116, 117–18, 121–3
Egypt–Rome relationship, start of 38
Greek culture 13, 15, 16, 31–2
Lower Egypt 12, 20
Persian rule 31
population 12
Roman rule 208
social structure 13–17
Upper Egypt 12, 130
way of life 11, 12, 14–15
see also Alexandria
‘Egyptians’ in Elizabethan age 215–16
elephants 40, 73, 132, 240
Elizabeth I of England 234
Elliott, Gertrude 220
embalming 25, 102, 183, 203
Ephesus 56, 151, 175, 231, 232
Etruscans 63, 71
eunuchs 14
Fabius Maximus, Quintus 73
Fadia (wife of Mark Antony) 161, 166
films 136, 222–7
Forbes-Robertson, Johnston 220
Forum Gallorum, battle of 169
Franzero, Carlo Maria 225
Fulvia 156, 169, 177, 178, 179
Gabinius, Aulus 56, 57, 97, 98, 162, 163
Galatians 111
Gallic wars 97, 98, 108
Gallius, Quintus Fabius 161
Gallus, Gaius Cornelius 8, 9, 201, 202, 208
games, Roman 66, 79, 92, 100, 134
Ganymedes (tutor to Arsinoe IV) 123
Gaugamala, battle of 240
Geb 24
Gilead balm 183
Gindarus, battle of 182
Goddio, Franck 229
Graceo-Egyptian cults 8, 22, 24, 25, 30, 41
Granger, Stewart 224
Granicus, battle of 240
Greek culture 13, 15, 16, 31–2, 62
Greek deities 20, 21, 24–5, 31, 51
Hamilcar Barca 72, 75
handwriting, Cleopatra’s 189
Hannibal 66, 73, 74, 75, 110
Harrison, Rex 226
Hathor 24, 49, 50
Hatshepsut 105
Hawass, Zahi 229
Heliopolis 20, 126
Helvetii 97
Heraclion 229
Herod of Judaea 182, 183–4, 193
Herodotus 9, 15–16, 20, 21, 39, 52, 104
Herwennefer of Thebes 40, 41
Hippocrates 50
Homer 19, 52, 62
homosexuality 77, 90–1
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) 209–10
Hortensius, Quintus 55
Horus 23, 25, 126, 130, 147
Ides of March 140–1, 169
Imhotep 21
incestuous relationships 9, 23, 36, 120
infant mortality 51, 130
Inimitable Livers 176, 180, 200
Iras 201, 203, 204
Isis 12, 20, 24–5, 50, 106, 126, 138, 147, 148, 149, 172, 187, 208, 213
Islam 24, 213
Issus, battle of 240
Iturea 183
Iunu 20, 126
Jameson, Anna Brownell 233–6
Jerusalem 183
Jews of Alexandria 124, 149, 212, 214
Jolie, Angelina 227
Jonson, Ben 216
Josephus, Titus Flavius 149, 150, 184, 211–12
Juba of Mauretania 212
Juba of Numidia 112, 132, 166
Judaea 84, 153, 162, 183
Jugurtha of Numidia 79
Julian calendar 139
Julius Caesar (Shakespeare) 217
Jupiter 20, 66
Karnak 11
Khmun 126
Kuznetsova, Maria 221
Labienus, Titus 113
Laenas, Caius Popillius 42
Langtry, Lillie 220
languages 53–4
Lebanon 183
Legend of Good Women (Chaucer) 213–14
legions 76–7, 185
Leiber, Fritz 223
Leigh, Vivien 225
Leighton, Frederick 219–20
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich 240
Lentulus Sura, Publius Cornelius 159, 160, 161
Lepidus, Marcus 112, 151, 155, 156, 166, 170, 177, 178
Leuce Come 185
Library of Alexandria 6, 11, 38, 52, 122, 148
Livy (Titus Livius) 63, 65, 70
Lower Egypt 12, 20
Lucretia 65
Lucullus, Lucius 84, 85
Luxor 11
Lysimachos of Thrace 31, 36
Maatranefer 21
Maccabeus, Simon 214
McDowall, Roddy 226
Macedonia, Macedonians 16, 42
Mankiewicz, Joseph L. 225
Marcellus, Gaius Claudius 108–9
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius 73
Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria 234
Marius, Gaius 75, 79, 80, 82, 90, 159
Marius–Sulla civil war 79–80, 90, 158–9
Mark Antony 4, 8, 17, 97, 109, 130–1, 133, 140, 153, 154, 155–6, 158–70
appearance 161
at war with Octavian 191–201
augur 165, 166
birth and early life 158–60
and Caesar’s assassination 141, 145, 146
and civil wars 152, 153–7, 166, 167–8, 169–70, 191–201
consulship 169, 193
drunkenness 131, 166, 172, 189
marries Cleopatra 190
Master of the Horse 168, 169
meets Cleopatra 57, 163, 171–3
military appointments 162, 163–4, 167
Neos Dionysus 172, 180, 187
offers kingship to Caesar 133, 140
Parthian campaign 174, 177, 180, 182, 184–6
relationship with Caesar 163–4, 165, 167
relationship with Cleopatra 171–7, 180
–3, 184, 185–7, 188–9
relationship with Octavian 155, 178–9, 186, 189–91
Roman marriages 161, 166–7, 169
second triumvirate 151, 155–6, 164, 169, 170, 177–9
suicide 202
tomb 7
Tribune of the Plebs 165, 166
will 191
marriage celebrations
Cleopatra and Antony 182–3
Cleopatra and Caesar 124
Masque of the Gypsies Metamorphosed (Jonson) 216
Massenet, Jules 221
Mauretania 193, 212
Media 185, 187
Méliès, Georges 222
Memphis 12, 21–2, 31, 33, 41, 107, 126
Mendes 39
Menelaus of Sparta 19
Metellus, Lucius Caecilius 112
Metellus Nepos, Quintus Caecilius 93
Metellus Pius, Quintus Caecilius 80, 81, 82, 84
Metellus Scipio, Quintus Caecilius 99, 109, 132
Methone 195
Michelangelo Buonarotti 214–15
Milo, Titus Annius 100–1, 164
Minucius Thermus, Marcus 90
Misenum, Peace of 179
Mithridates VI of Pontus 56, 80, 84
Mnevis bull 126
Molon, Apollonius 91
Montu 50, 104
Mount Amanus, battle of 182
mummification 20, 21, 22, 42, 232
Museion, Alexandria 6, 11, 38, 52, 122, 148
music 127
Nabatean Arabs 193
naval battles 196–7
Nectanebo 32, 33
Nero, Emperor 208
Nicholas II, Tsar 104–5
Nicolas of Damascus 209
Nicomedes of Bithynia 90, 91, 119
Nile 5, 13, 15, 106, 130, 148
Cleopatra and Caesar’s journey down 124–8
North, Thomas 215
Numa Pompilius 64
Numidia 132
obelisks 15
obstetrics, Egyptian 49–51, 53, 148
Octavia (wife of Mark Antony) 179, 180, 181, 186, 192, 207
Octavian 3, 10, 19, 64, 138, 140, 154, 179, 181, 186, 208–9
at war with Cleopatra and Antony 191–201
and civil wars 153–4, 155, 156, 157, 169–70, 177, 178, 191–201
public building works 190–1
relationship with Mark Antony 155, 178–9, 186, 189–91, 200
second triumvirate 151, 155–6, 164, 169, 170, 177–9
takes the name Augustus 3–4, 139, 212
visits Alexander’s tomb 7
Oenanthe 41
Olympus (physician to Cleopatra) 202, 204, 211
orations 179
Osiris 20, 25, 38, 103–4, 147, 172
Ostia 139
Pacorus of Parthia 177
Parallel Lives (Plutarch) 211, 215, 233–4
Parthia, Parthians 79, 95, 99, 140, 174, 177, 180, 182, 184–5, 187
Pasherentptah III 13, 182
Paullus, Lucius Aemilius 73
Pausanius 45
pearl dissolved in vinegar 188
Pelusium 57, 123, 162–3, 201
Per-Baster 19–20
Perdiccas 30, 31, 32, 33
Persians 20, 22, 30, 31, 240
Perusia 178
Petronius 108
Petubastis 13, 182
pharaoh, office of 13, 21
pharaonic regalia 24, 106, 126