The Life of Mark Twain

by Gary Scharnhorst

  Orion Clemens to Philip Lynch, 13 April 1864, UCLC 49950.

  Orion Clemens to R. W. Taylor, 9 July 1863, UCLC 49353; 16 March 1864, UCLC 49366 and 49943; 30 October 1864, UCLC 49969.

  Orion Clemens to Salmon P. Chase, 2 February 1862, UCLC 49401; 21 December 1863, UCLC 49605.

  Orion Clemens to Second Auditor of U.S. Treasury, 11 March 1863, UCLC 49531.

  Orion Clemens to SLC, 7 January 1861, UCLC 46943; 7 July 1869, UCLC 47007; 11 March 1871, UCLC 47025; 4 July 1871, UCLC 47037; 25 April 1874, UCLC 47117; 27 April 1874, UCLC 47503.

  Orion Clemens to T. L. Smith, 19 September 1865, UCLC 30010.

  Orion Clemens to T. Starr King, 26 February 1864, UCLC 46966.

  Orion Clemens to W. H. Jones, 29 April 29 1863, UCLC 49351; also in Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 6 (January–April 1963): 1–22.

  Orion Clemens to W. W. Ross, 10 September 1864, UCLC 49964.

  Orion Clemens to William H. Seward, 13 May 1861, UCLC 49985.

  Orion Clemens to William P. Dole, 2 July 1863, UCLC 49574.

  Pamela Moffett to Mollie Clemens, 23 June 1870, UCLC 47022.

  Ralph P. Lowe to Abraham Lincoln, 18 February 1861, UCLC 48740.

  Ralph P. Lowe to Edward Bates, 24 January 1861, UCLC 48738.

  SLC to C. W. Stoddard, 25 August 1869, UCCL 00349; 10 September 1877, UCCL 01479; 26 October 1881, UCCL 02554; 1 June 1885, UCCL 03234.

  SLC to Clara Clemens Gabrilowitch, 24 March 1910, UCCL 08574.

  SLC to Jane Lampton Clemens, 1–8 June 1874, UCCL 12798.

  SLC to John Ralls, late June 1861, UCCL 13644.

  SLC to Lou Benjamin, 10 April 1886, UCCL 03382.

  SLC to Mary Mason Fairbanks, 20 February 1868, UCCL 00196.

  SLC to Mollie Clemens, 21 February 1868, UCCL 00199.

  SLC to Orion Clemens, 28 July 1862, UCCL 12723.

  SLC to Pamela Moffett, 15 July 1886, UCCL 10893.

  SLC to Reeves Jackson, 25 September 1869, UCCL 11419.

  SLC to Reginald Cholmondeley, 28 March 1885, UCCL 03198.

  SLC to Stephen C. Massett, 10 October 1881, UCCL 02050.

  SLC to Susan Crane, 30 July 1906, UCCL 11451.

  SLC to Thomas S. Barbour, 8 January 1906, UCCL 08674.

  SLC to unidentified, 25 October 1876, UCCL 01379.

  SLC to W. H. Powell, 3 December 1907, UCCL 07881.

  Susan Crane to Anna Dickinson, 14 June 1870, UCLC 31922.

  T. Starr King to Orion Clemens, 6 July 1863, UCLC 31644.

  Thomas Fitch to R. W. Taylor, 5 January 1870, UCLC 49848.

  Treasury Department comptroller to Orion Clemens, 5 March 1863, UCLC 49520.

  Vernon Seaman to SLC, 12 February 1874, UCLC 31846.

  W. H. Jones to Orion Clemens, 19 March 1863, UCLC 49346; 1 April 1863, UCLC 49347.

  Will Bowen to SLC, 25 August 1876, UCLC 32410.

  William McKee to Edward Bates, 30 January 1861, UCLC 48739.

  Manuscripts

  Burke, Martin J. “The San Francisco Police.” 14 January 1887, H. H. Bancroft Papers, California Biographical Manuscripts, C-D 322, Bancroft Library.

  “On Gov. —— Who Loves to Talk Nonsense.” DV 335, MTP.

  Quaker City journal of William E. James. Collection of Kevin Mac Donnell.

  Quaker City journal of William R. Denny. MTP.

  Quaker City log of C. C. Duncan. MTP.

  General Studies

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  Arrington, Leonard J. Brigham Young: American Moses. New York: Knopf, 1985.

  Austin, James C. Artemus Ward. New York: Twayne, 1964.

  ———. Fields of the Atlantic Monthly. San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1953.

  Ayers, James J. Gold and Sunshine. Boston: Badger, 1922.

  Bainton, George. The Art of Authorship. New York: Appleton, 1890.

  Bancroft, H. H. History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540–1888. San Francisco: History Co., 1890.

  Beebe, Lucius. Comstock Commotion. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1954.

  Bennett, Raine. “Sappho of the Western Sea.” Touring Topics 28 (November 1933): 22–23, 36–37.

  Bird, Isabella. The Hawaiian Archipelago. London: Murray, 1875.

  Bok, Edward. The Americanization of Edward Bok. New York: Scribner’s, 1920.

  Bowles, Samuel. Across the Continent. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1866.

  ———. Our New West. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1865.

  Browne, J. Ross. “A Peep at Washoe.” Harper’s Monthly 22 (January 1861): 145–63.

  ———. “Washoe Revisited.” Harper’s Monthly 30 (May 1865): 681–96; 31 (June 1865): 1–13.

  Campbell, Alexander. The Christian System. Cincinnati: Bosworth, Chase and Hall, 1871.

  ———. “Notes of Incidents in a Tour through Illinois and Missouri.” Millennial Harbinger, n.s., 3 (January 1853): 6; n.s., 3 (February 1853): 64–66.

  Caples, William Goff. Justification, or the Pardon of Sin. Hannibal, Mo.: privately printed, 1849.

  Curtis, Donnelyn, and Lawrence I. Berkove, eds. Before the Big Bonanza. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2015.

  Davis, Sam P. The History of Nevada. 2 vols. Reno: Elms, 1913.

  Daws, Gavin. Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands. New York: Macmillan, 1968.

  Dickens, Charles. American Notes. New York: Harper, 1842.

  Dickinson, Emily. Poems by Emily Dickinson. Edited by T. W. Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd. Boston: Roberts, 1890.

  Douglass, Elisha P. The Coming of Age of American Business: Three Centuries of Enterprise, 1600–1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971.

  Dulchinos, Donald P. Pioneer of Inner Space: The Life of Fitz Hugh Ludlow. Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 1998.

  Dwyer, Richard A., and Richard Lingenfelter. Dan De Quille: The Washoe Giant. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1990.

  Dyer, Heman. Records of an Active Life. New York: Whittaker, 1886.

  Edel, Leon. “The Figure under the Carpet.” In Biography as High Adventure, edited by Stephen B. Oates. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986.

  Ellsworth, William W. A Golden Age of Authors. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1919.

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Vol. 7, 1838–1842, edited by A. W. Plumstead and Harrison Hayford. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

  Falk, Bernard. The Naked Lady. London: Hutchison, 1952.

  Fields, Annie. Memories of a Hostess. Edited by M. A. DeWolfe Howe. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1922.

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Crack-Up. New York: New Directions, 1945.

  Gerteis, Louis S. The Civil War in Missouri: A Military History. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2012.

  Glynn, Tom. “Books for a Reformed Republic: The Apprentices’ Library of New York City, 1820–1865.” Libraries and Culture 34 (Fall 1999): 347–72.

  Goldman, Marion S. Gold Diggers and Silver Miners. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981.

  Greeley, Horace. An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859. New York: Saxton, 1860.

  Groth, Paul. Living Downtown. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

  Hart, James D. The Popular Book: A History of America’s Literary Taste. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963.

  Harte, Bret. Bret Harte’s California: Letters to the Springfield Republican and Christian Register, 1866–67. Edited by Gary Scharnhorst. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990.

  ———. Condensed Novels and Other Papers. New York: Carleton, 1867.

  ———. “Flip.” New York Sun, 2 July 1882, 2; 9 July 1882, 2; 16 July 1882, 2.

  ———. “The Iliad of Sandy Bar.” Overland Monthly 5 (November 1870): 479–85.

  ———. Poems. Boston: Osgood, 1871.

  Herndon, William L. Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon. Washington, D.C.: Ar
mstrong, 1854.

  Hinckle, Warren, and Fredric Hobbs. The Richest Place on Earth: The Story of Virginia City and the Heyday of the Comstock Lode. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.

  Holcombe, Ira Return. History of Marion County, Missouri. St. Louis: Perkins, 1884.

  Holland, J. G. “Triflers on the Platform.” Scribner’s 3 (February 1872): 489.

  Horner, Charles F. The Life of James Redpath. New York: Barse and Hopkins, 1926.

  Howells, W. D. Life and Letters of William Dean Howells. 2 vols. Edited by Mildred Howells. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1928.

  ———. “The Man of Letters as a Man of Business.” Scribner’s Monthly 14 (October 1893): 429–46.

  ———. Selected Letters of W. D. Howells. Vol. 3, 1882–1891. Edited by Robert C. Leitz III, Richard H. Ballinger, and Christoph K. Lohmann. Boston: Twayne, 1980.

  Hulse, James. “Thomas Starr King and the Comstock Lode.” Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 26 (Summer 1983): 97–107.

  Jackson, Joe. A Furnace Afloat. New York: Free Press, 2003.

  James, Henry. The Bostonians. London: Macmillan, 1886.

  James, Ronald M. The Roar and the Silence: A History of Virginia City and the Comstock Lode. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1998.

  Jameson, Anna. Sacred and Legendary Art. London: Longmans, Brown, Green, 1848.

  Jarves, J. J. History of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands. London: Moxon, 1843.

  Klose, Nelson. “Louis Prevost and the Silk Industry at San Jose.” California Historical Society Quarterly 43 (December 1964): 309–17.

  Krass, Peter. Ignorance, Confidence, and Filthy Rich Friends. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2007.

  Lewis, Sinclair. “The American Fear of Literature.” In The Man from Main Street: A Sinclair Lewis Reader, edited by Harry E. Maule and Melville H. Cane. New York: Random House, 1953.

  Lillard, Richard G. “Studies in Washoe Journalism and Humor.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, 1943.

  Lord, Eliot. Comstock Mining and Miners. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883.

  Lott, Eric. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

  Ludlow, Fitz Hugh. The Heart of the Continent. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1870.

  Lundin, Roger, ed. There before Us: Religion and American Literature. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2007.

  Lyman, George. The Saga of the Comstock Lode. New York: Scribner’s, 1934.

  Mankowitz, Wolf. Mazeppa. New York: Stein and Day, 1982.

  Marsh, Andrew. Letters from Nevada Territory, 1861–62. Edited by William C. Miller. Carson City: State of Nevada Legislative Counsel Bureau, 1972.

  McGrath, Roger. Gunfighters, Highwaymen, and Vigilantes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

  Nevada: A Guide to the Silver State. Washington, D.C.: Works Progress Administration, 1940.

  Norris, Frank. McTeague. New York: Doubleday, McClure, 1899.

  Oates, Stephen B., ed. Biography as High Adventure. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1986.

  Pemberton, T. Edgar. The Life of Bret Harte. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1903.

  Pomeroy, Earl. The Pacific Slope. New York: Knopf, 1965.

  Porter, J. L. Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine. 2 vols. London: Murray, 1868.

  Reade, A. Alfred. Study and Stimulants. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1883.

  Rees, Thomas. Sixty Days in Europe and What We Saw There. Springfield: Illinois State Registry, 1908.

  Richardson, A. D. Beyond the Mississippi. Hartford: American Publishing, 1867.

  Rodecape, Lois Foster. “Tom Maguire, Napoleon of the Stage.” California Historical Society Quarterly 21 (March 1942): 39–74.

  Ross, Michael A. Justice of Shattered Dreams. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.

  Seitz, Don C. Artemus Ward: A Biography. New York: Harper, 1919.

  Shelley, Mary. Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842, and 1843. 2 vols. London: Moxon, 1844.

  Shoemaker, Floyd C. “The Story of the Civil War in Northeast Missouri.” Missouri Historical Review 7 (January 1913): 113–31.

  Smith, Grant. The History of the Comstock Lode, 1850–1920. Reno: Nevada State Bureau of Mines, 1943.

  Stillé, Charles J. History of the United States Sanitary Commission. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1868.

  Stoddard, Charles Warren. “The Jardin Mabille.” Boston Globe, 29 April 1876, 3.

  Stone, Barton Warren. The Biography of Eld. Barton Warren Stone. Cincinnati: American Christian Publication Society, 1853.

  Taylor, Bayard. The Lands of the Saracen. New York: Putnam’s, 1855.

  Tebbel, John. A History of Book Publishing in the United States. 4 vols. New York: Bowker, 1972–81.

  Townsend, George Alfred. Historic Sketches at Washington. Hartford: Betts, 1877.

  Tuveson, Ernest Lee. Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America’s Millennial Role. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

  Twyman, Robert W. “The Clay Eater: A New Look at an Old Southern Enigma.” Journal of Southern History 37 (August 1971): 439–48.

  Walker, Franklin. Irreverent Pilgrims. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1974.

  Ward, Artemus. Artemus Ward: His Travels. New York: Carleton, 1865.

  Webb, C. H. John Paul’s Book. Hartford: Columbian, 1874.

  Wegelin, Christof. “The Rise of the International Novel.” PMLA 77 (June 1862): 305–10.

  Wells, Evelyn. “The Silver Sixties.” San Francisco Call and Post, 6 April 1921, 13.

  Wiegand, Conrad. The Use of Legal Tender Notes upon the Pacific Coast. Baltimore: Sherwood, 1863.

  Winterich, John, The Romance of Great Books. New York: Halcyon, 1929.

  Wright, Louis B. “Franklin’s Legacy to the Gilded Age.” Virginia Quarterly Review 20 (1946): 268–79.

  Index

  A

  “A True Story,” xxii

  A. B. Chambers, 121

  Able, Dan, 114

  “About a Remarkable Stranger,” 370

  “About All Kinds of Ships,” 539

  Academy of Music, Philadelphia, 524

  Academy of Music, Pittsburgh, 480, 521

  Acapulco, Mexico, 470

  Acropolis, 417

  Adams, George J., 431

  Adams, George W., 449, 450

  Adams, Henry, 82, 558

  Adams, W. T. (“Oliver Optic”), 63

  Ade, George, 441

  Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, xvii, 7, 16, 20, 23, 37, 38, 40-41, 44, 49, 50, 52, 63, 65, 79, 89, 112, 120, 125, 138, 214, 267, 269, 278, 284, 355, 398, 412, 582n50

  Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The, 3, 6, 7, 12, 17, 26, 29, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 63, 67, 68, 72, 84, 89, 107, 112, 125, 142, 160, 185, 188, 194, 268, 269, 283, 396, 519, 540

  advertisements, 349, 354, 355, 356-57, 384, 387, 390, 392, 463-64

  “Aged Pilot Man, The,” 240

  Ah Sin, xvii, 263, 447, 519

  Ajax, 315-16, 319, 321, 344

  Akron, Ohio, 492

  Alameda, Calif., 197

  Alba Nueva Mine, 155

  Albany Argus, 300, 362, 388, 527

  Albany Evening Journal, 527

  Albany, N.Y., 68, 77, 407, 479, 490

  Albemarle Hotel, New York, 552

  Albion, 388

  Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 228, 556

  Aleck Scott, 114

  Alessandria, Italy, 412

  Alexandria, Egypt, 430, 431, 432

  Alfred T. Lacey, 109, 110, 116, 117

  Alfred the Great, 518

  Algeciras, Spain, 434

  Alger, Horatio, 240, 337

  Algiers, Algeria, 433

  Alhambra, 434

  All Souls’ Unitarian Church of New York, 274

  Alliance, Ohio, 383

  Allmendinger, Blake, 577n30

  Allyn Hall, Hartford, 524

  Alonzo Child, 123-24, 125, 127, 128

  Alpine County, C
alif., 243

  Alton, Ill., 77

  Ament, Joseph P., 32-33, 45-47, 59, 61, 62, 124

  America, 366, 367, 371

  American Bible Society, 394

  American Church Missionary Society, 181, 343, 394

  American Claimant, The, xvii, 21, 27, 86, 101, 204, 364, 370

  American Colonization Society, 18

  American Friends of Russian Freedom, xxi

  American Literary Bureau, 479

  American Literary Gazette, 388

  American Publisher, 547, 548

  American Publishing Co., xxii, 440, 441, 454, 461, 480, 502, 547, 548, 552

  American Red Cross, 182

  “American Vandal Abroad, The” (lecture), 469, 479-81, 521

  Andersen, Hans Christian, 411

  Anderson, Peter, 294

  Anderson, Sherwood, 50

  Andersonville, S.C., 471

  Andover Theological Seminary, 478

  Andrews, Edward, 407

  Andrews, Kenneth R., xxiv

  “Angel’s Camp Constable,” 298

  Angel’s Camp, Calif., 279, 281

  angelfish, 106, 107

  annexation of Hawaii, 597n11

  “Another Bloody Massacre!” 219

  “Answers to Correspondents,” 276

  Antelope Mine, 157

  Anthony, Henry B., 450

  Anthony, James, 315

  Anthracite Coal Association, 513

  anti-Catholicism, 28-29

  anti-Chinese prejudice, 269-71, 282

  Antietam, Battle of, 184

  anti-Irish prejudices, 81, 262, 269, 294, 513-14

  Apocryphal New Testament, 396

  “Appeal from One That is Persecuted, An,” 347

  Aquila, 260

  Arabian Nights’ Entertainment, xxviii, 16, 58, 76, 531

  Arago, 123, 399

  Armon, Dahlia, xxvi

  Armory Hall, Pawtucket, 525

  Armstrong, Clarissa, 328

  Armstrong, Richard, 328

  Arona, Italy, 412

  “Around the World Letter No. 1,” 521

  Arthur, T. S., 192

  Aspinwall, Nicaragua, 461, 470

  “Assistant’s Column,” 72, 73

  Associated Western Literary Societies, 479

  Asylum Hill Congregational Church, Hartford, 478

  Athenaeum, 506

  Athens, Greece, 380, 417, 418, 491, 607n47

  Atlantic Monthly, xxii, 173, 225, 480, 504, 514, 526, 535, 558

  Auber, Daniel François, 274

  Aunt Hannah (slave), 21