The Monkey's Voyage

by Alan de Queiroz

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  INDEX

  Aciphylla speargrass, 105

  Adriatic-Dinaric Carbonate Platform (ADCP), 221–222 (box)

  Aegean Sea, 31

  Ae’o, 75

  Aerial animals, generalization about, 262

  Africa, 116, 118, 181, 186, 208

  and the Cameroon Line, 178

  Carboniferous and Permian period, 37

  contingency and unpredictability scenario involving, 300

  and the Cretaceous, 221 (box)

  early assumptions about, 33

  and the Eocene, 223

  and the Falklands, 39n, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 238, 250–251, 250–251

  final separation of, 214 (fig.)

  and the fit with South America, 34, 36, 37, 40

  and Gondwanan breakup, 4, 11 (box), 61 (fig.), 142 (box), 143 (box), 229, 248, 288

  and the Gondwanan relict idea, 97, 152, 232–233

  island-hopping routes from, 217 (fig.)

  and the Jurassic, 229, 230 (fig.)

  and land bridges, 42–43, 43 (fig.), 266

  Madagascar compared to, 247

  and the Mesozoic, 97

  and the Miocene, 248, 296

  and ocean currents, 182, 219

  and the Pliocene, 296

  rainfall in, 193

  taxa involving, 2, 3, 14, 15, 44, 54, 79, 87, 97, 135, 142 (box), 143 (box), 148, 153, 158, 161 (fig.), 165, 166, 169, 173, 179, 187, 190–191, 192, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 204, 205–206, 209, 211–212, 213, 215, 218, 231, 248, 249, 261, 265, 267, 279, 280 (fig.), 286, 287–288, 290, 295 (fig.), 300

  tracks and, 80 (fig.), 81

  and the Triassic, 272

  Agapornis lovebird, 286

  Age estimates

  of Earth, 28, 30, 54, 116n

  skepticism about, 88, 89

  and the timing of relevant events, addressing, 115–118

  of the universe, 115–116

  See also Fossil records; Molecular clock analyses

  Airline route map, shift toward scenario resembling, 15

  Ajkaceratops kozmai dinosaur, 222 (box)

  Alaska, 74, 75n

  Aldabra giant tortoise (Dipsochelys dussumieri), 19, 168–169

  Aleutians, 74

  Alpine, 105

  Amalgamation of landmasses, 82, 270n

  Amazon River, 193–194

  Amazonia, 303

  Amborella trichopoda shrub, 242, 244

  American Museum of Natural History, 45

  See also “New York School” dispersalists

  Americas. See New World; North America; South America

  Amphibian skin, 179–180

  Amphisbaenians. See Worm lizards

  Anacondas, 294

  Anasazi, 287

  Anatomical evidence, 69, 97, 137, 147, 153, 184, 185, 187, 190, 198, 209, 210, 216, 220, 262, 291

  Anguilla, 253

  Annals & Magazine of Natural History (journal), 29

  Anolis lizards, 72, 265

  Antarctica, 2, 4, 29, 49, 54, 61 (fig.), 63, 64 (fig.), 152, 230 (fig.), 248, 265, 288

  Antarctica/Australia, 4, 97, 99, 102, 104, 105, 109, 160, 162, 211, 246

  Anthropoids, 287–288

  Antigua, 253, 279

  Apes, 90, 136, 209, 287–288

  Aporostylis bifolia orchid, 105

  Appalachians, 37

  Araucariaceae (araucarians) trees, 158–159, 163, 240, 242, 299

  Archaeognatha. See Jumping bristletails

  Arctic Ocean, 56

  Arctic region, 1, 9

  Area cladograms, defined, 68

  Argentina, 97, 156, 290, 303

  Arizonasaurus fossil, 137, 138 (fig.)

  Ark ideas, 4, 27, 163, 178, 234, 246

  See also Landmasses-as-life-rafts story

  Arnason, Ulfur, 212–213, 214

  Arthropod eggs, 169

  Arthur’s Pass, 104–105, 162

  Ascension, 76, 266, 268

  Asia, 2, 4, 33, 37, 58, 80 (fig.), 179, 200, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 222 (box), 262, 283, 287

  See also specific parts of Asia

  Asteraceae (sunflower), 18, 162–163

  Atlantic Ocean, 3, 28, 33, 158

  and continental fit, 60–61

  continued deepening of, 217

  continued spreading of, 216

  crossings involving, 79, 148, 154, 166, 191, 205–206, 207, 209, 215, 216–217, 218, 219, 222 (box), 223, 261, 266, 279, 281, 287, 290, 293, 303

  currents in, 219

  and the Eocene, 216–217

  formation of, 4, 97, 229

  and frogs, 200

  opening of, 116, 118, 135, 142 (box), 210, 215, 267, 288

  possible island-hopping across, 217–218

  ridges in, 56–57, 58, 59, 216

  tracks across, 80 (fig.)

  width of, 216

  See also specific isla
nds; specific landmasses bordering the ocean

  Atlantis, 27

  Attrition, 235, 236, 238, 239

  See also Extinctions

  Australia, 248

  Carboniferous and Permian period, 37

  and Gondwanan breakup, 4, 11 (box), 61 (fig.), 170

  and the Jurassic, 230 (fig.)

  and land bridges, 42

  and the Mesozoic, 63

  taxa involving, 2, 3, 15, 25, 49, 54, 63, 64 (fig.), 65, 69 (fig.), 86, 87 (fig.), 107–108, 109, 111, 117, 135, 153–154, 161 (fig.), 162, 165, 166, 170–171, 200, 243 (fig.), 265

  tracks and, 80 (fig.), 81, 82

  Wallace’s Line and, 33

  See also Antarctica/Australia

  Australian Plate, 99

  Aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis), 249 (fig.)

  Azores, 76, 261

  Aztecs, 287

  Baboons, 210, 214 (fig.), 287

  Baconian view, 80

  Bacteria, 121, 122, 125, 302n

  Bahamas, 72

  Bair, Janet, 185

  Baja California, 4–8, 9 (fig.), 14, 188, 190

  Bald-headed uakaris, 223

  Banda Islands, 286

  Bandoni de Oliveira, Felipe, 217–218

  Baobab trees, 3, 15, 80–81, 135, 248

  Barbuda, 253

  Bats, 75, 219–220

  Beach strawberry, 75

  Beagle voyage, 27, 46, 226, 231n, 293

  Bealor, Matthew, 7

  Beans/legumes, 156–158, 159, 162, 286

  BEAST program, 134, 138n

  Belgium, 37, 283–284

  Bering Land Bridge, 2, 214

  Beyer, G. E., 93

  Bible/God. See Religion, influence of

  Big Bang Theory, 115, 116

  Big Five extinctions, 237, 238

  Biogeography

  beginnings of, 27

  conundrums of, 3, 161, 281

  critical studies for, 130

  defined, 2

  definitions of common terms and concepts, 10–12 (box)

  father of, 33

  focal point of, 100, 110

  fundamental fact of, 2

  history of debate within, 273–274