Alfred Russel Wallace
Page 41
Egypt 93–94
Elaphomia wallacei 136
Eliot, George 190
enclosure 17–18, 218
Entomological Society: Wallace at after Amazon expedition 84–85; Wallace President 206, 208
Epping Forest 218–21, 222, 228, 230
Erycinidae 50
Ethnological Society 176
Etna 137, 140
Euxine 93
Faraday, Michael 186
Fernandez 115
ferns 109
fife birds 54
finches 27
Fitch, Walter 87
flies, horned 136
Flores 155
Flower, William Henry 164, 170, 225
flower-peckers 114
Forbes, Edward 102, 104, 128
Forbes, John Murray 239
Foster, Mr 216
Freemantle, Captain 92
Frith Hill 223, 227
Frolic, HMS 92
Galapagos Islands 27–28, 103
gallo de Serra see cock-of-the-rock
Galton, Francis 190, 197, 208, 214, 252, 254, 259, 278
Geach, Frederick 154, 155, 166, 193, 204, 209
Geikie, Sir Archibald 194, 278
Gentiana affinis 248
Gentiana calycosa 247
gentians 247, 248, 263
George, Henry 229, 236
George, Wilma 287
Gibbons, Dr 244
Gilolo (Halmahera) 129, 130, 141, 143, 150, 152
Gladstone, William Ewart 223, 225, 226, 234
Gnoll Estate 25
goat-sucker 151
Goram 147
Gosse, Edmund 234, 236
Gould, John 85, 164
grackle 136
Gray, Asa 129, 168, 174, 224, 237, 238, 291
Gray, George 143
Gray, J. E. 85, 164
Grays 209–10
green barbets 95
green gaper 95
Guama river 45
Guaribas rapids 43
Guía 61, 64, 65, 73, 84
Gunther, Albert 179, 225
Guppy, Mrs (medium) 209, 212, 214
Gurney family 268
Gymnurus rafflessi 106
Haekel, Professor 278, 280
Haetera esmeralda 41
Hall, Spencer 22, 23
Halmahera see Gilolo
Hampden, John 206–7, 227
Hanbury, Sir Thomas 269
hare-lip monkey 107
Harpactes reinwardti 158
Hart, Captain 154
Haughton, Samuel 174
Hayward, Charles 168, 227
Helen 80
Helmes, Ludwig 105
Hertford 8–10
Hester Helena 135, 140
Hewitson, William 166, 210
Hibben, Mrs 242
Higham Gobion 15
Hill, Abraham 20, 21
Hislop, Captain 48, 50, 51, 80
Hoddesdon 13, 15, 20
Holland: colonial government 144–45, 157
Holmes, Oliver Wendell 238
Home, Daniel (medium) 193, 197, 208–9
honeysuckers 95, 114
Hood, Thomas 11
Hooker, Joseph: Darwin’s pall-bearer 230; letter missing 290; natural selection and 129, 139, 276, 277; Wallace, estimate of 172, 179, 224–25, 291; Wallace, pension for 221–22, 223, 224, 225
Hooker, William: consignments to 41; plant collectors and 29, 30, 50; prints account of Mount Ophir 96; Spruce and 182; and Wallace and Bates’ Amazon expedition 30–31; Wallace, reviewing 90, 91
hornbills 106
Horsfield, Thomas 30
Humboldt and Bonpland 18, 62
Humboldt, Alexander von 21, 48, 66, 67
Hume, A. H. 273
humming-birds 39
Hunt, James 175, 176
Hurstpierpoint 182, 183, 188, 194, 195
Huxley, T. H.: ‘Anatomy and Development of Echinococci in the Liver of a Zebra’ 86; Anthropological Society and 176; Darwon’s pall-bearer 230; Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature 170, 174, 175; Owen, argument with 168, 170–71; spiritualism and 188, 189, 190; Wallace: chides 291; friendship with 167; pension for 223, 225; praise of 174; Zoological Society and 86, 164
Isánna river 62
Isidoro (Amazon) 38, 39, 42
Jacare tinga 52
jaguar 68
Jakarta see Batavia
James, William 238, 240–41
Jardiné, Sir William 153
Jauarite 75
Java 152, 156–58
Javíta 68, 69–73
Jekyll, Gertrude 228, 242, 248, 261
Jenyns, Reverend Leonard 51
Jessel, Sir George 218
Jevons, William 25
Jordeson 81–82
Joule, James 222
Journal of Botany 96
Jumaat (New Guinea) 140
jungle-cocks 114
Juno, HMS 92
Ke Islands 118, 146
Kembang Djepoon 113
Kesim 107
King, Robert 47, 50
king-crows 114
king-hunter 136
kingfishers 95, 114, 136
Kingsley, Charles 169–70, 192
Kington 16, 18
Knapp, Sandra 286
Knollys, Lord 278
Kuching see Sarawak
Lake District 262
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste 27, 102
Land Nationalisation Society 228, 231, 250
Land Tenure Reform Association 228
Lankaster, E. R. 217, 278
lansats 109
Latham, R. C. (Robert) 86, 129, 175
Lawrence, William 27
Le Gallienne, Richard 264
leaf insects 188
Leavens, Mr 39, 41, 42
Legge, Colonel 279
Leicester 20–21
lemur 159
Leopoldinia piassaba 90
Leslie, Lewis 166–67, 172
Leslie, Marion 171–72, 180–81
Lesson, René 135–36
Lewes, G. H. 189, 190, 197, 198
Lima, Senhor João Antonio de 57, 59, 61, 65, 73, 75, 77, 80
Lindley, John 18, 19
Linnean Society 85, 163: natural selection presentation at 138–39, 142: 50th anniversary 276–78; Wallace awarded gold medal 276; Wallace awarded Royal Medal 259; Wallace elected Fellow 210; Wallace’s grave and 285
Lippitt, General 240
Llanberis 188
Llandidrod Wells 17
Lloyd George, David 283
Lobb, Thomas 112
Lobo Raman 159
Lombock 113–15
longicorns 95, 105
lories 136
Loudon, John Claudius 19
Lowell, James Russell 235
Lowell, Professor 272
Lowell Institute 235, 236
Lubbock, Sir John 85, 223, 225, 230, 276
Lucanidae brookiana 111
Luiz (Amazon) 46
Lunn, Dr Henry 263, 265
Lyell, Sir Charles: Antiquity of Man 174, 210; death 221; letter missing 290; natural selection and 130, 139, 141, 153; Principles of Geology 18, 102, 104, 112, 201; spiritualism and 214; Wallace’s relationship with 167, 178; Wallace’s Sarawak paper and 112, 134, 289; Wallace’s Ternate paper and 133, 289; Wallace’s theory of Higher Intelligence and 203
Lyell, Lady 167
Lyon, Jane 192–93
Macassar 112, 114–16, 117, 124, 128
macaws 103
McDougal, Bishop 110
McKenzie, Alexander 220
McKinney, H. Lewis 287, 288
Macmillans 235, 266
Magury 39
Malacca 95
Malta 161
Malthus, Thomas 11, 255: Wallace, influence on 21, 131
Manaos see Barra (Manaos)
mangosteens 109
mangroves 101
Manuel 114, 115
Marchant, James 283, 286
Markham, Clements 275
Marshall, Mrs (medium) 185, 186
Marshman, John 187
Martius, Karl Friedrich von 38, 55, 90
Massey, Gerald 235
Matonia pectinata 96
Matthew, Patrick 153
Matthews, William 16
Maugham, Somerset 292
mechanics’ institutes 18, 25
Meldola, Raphael 220, 230, 236, 252, 264, 279, 284
Menado 144
Mertensia alpina 248
Mesman, Jacob 125
Mexiana 45
mias see orang-utans
Mill, John Stuart 228
Miller, Mr 35, 38
minivet fly-catcher 157
Mischief 31, 34, 35
Mitten, Annie 183, 187 see also Wallace, Annie (wife)
Mitten, Flora (sister-in-law) 187
Mitten, William (father-in-law): death 275; as pharmacist 187; Spruce and 182; Wallace, botanising with 194, 204, 211, 263–64
Mivart, St George 164, 169, 212
Mohnike, Dr 128
Moluccas 128, 129–30, 141, 142–44, 146, 147, 155–56
Montealagre 48–50
Morpho hellenor 69
Morpho menelaus 69
Morris, William 273
mosquito 69
mound-makers 114
mouse deer 106
Mucura 80
Muir, John 244, 246–47
Muka 148–151
Muntok 159
Murchison, Sir Roderick 18, 87–88, 92
Murray, John 172
Myers, Dr F. W. H. 238, 244
mygale spider (tarantula) 39
Mysol 146, 147
Natterer, Dr 46, 62
Natural History Museum 286
Natural History Review 174
Natural Science 254
Nature 206, 217, 236, 254, 260, 282, 283
Nazaré, 38, 45
Neath 19, 20, 24–26, 29: Mechanics’ Institute 25; Philosophical and Literary Institute 25, 27
New Guinea 129: Wallace in 134, 135–37, 140–41
New York 236
Newman, Edward: collectors promoted by 85–86; Wallace and 92
Newton, Alfred: natural selection and 140; Wallace and 169, 194; Zoological Society and 164
nibong palms 101
Nichol, Miss 185, 188, 209
nipa palm 101
Nolloth, Captain 92
Nordhoff, Charles 240
Norman, Dr 283
North, Marianne 252, 270
Nossa Senhora de Guía see Guía
Nymphaea gigantea 270
Obydos 51, 52, 55
Ophir, Mount 95–96
orang-utans 106–7, 110
orchids 109
Orinoco river 62
orioles 114, 157
Ornithoptera brookiana 106, 111
Ornithoptera croesus 2, 293
Ornithoptera poseidon 119–20
O’Shaughnessy, Arthur 179
Owen, Richard 85, 179: Huxley, argument with 168, 170–71; natural selection and 140, 153, 164; ‘On the characters of the Aye-aye …’ 170; spiritualism 191
Owen, Robert 14, 255
Owen, Robert Dale 15
Paine, Thomas 14
Palembang 159
palm trees 39
Pangerango 158
panpipe birds 54
Papilio aenomaus 154
Papilio androcles 125
Papilio columbus 84
Papilio liris 154
Papilio macedon 125
Papilio miletis 125
Papilio rhesus 125
Papilio telephus 125
Papilio ulysses 122
Pará (Belém): decision on expedition 30; first impressions of 34–37; Wallace’s arrival at 34
Paradisea apoda 116
Paradisea regia 116
Paradisea rubra 148, 150, 152
Parnassia fimbriata 248
parroquets 136
parrots 47
paxiuba tree 39
Penang 166
Pengelly, William 205
Penstemons 247
Pericrocotus miniatus 158
Peru 180, 182
Petermann, August 89
piassaba 69, 72, 90
Pictet, François Jules 102
pig-deer 145
pigeons 114
Pimichin 68
pitcher plants 96, 109
Pitta celebensis 156
Pitta concinna 114
pium 69
Plyctolophus sulphurens 114
Pope, Alexander 282
Portugal: colonial government 153–54
Poulton, Edward 252, 264, 265, 276, 284
poultry, domestic: originals for 114
Powell, Major John Wesley 240
Prance, Sir Ghillean 285
Prescott, William 21, 48
Primula imperialis 158
Prichard, James 27
Proceedings of the Zoological Society 110
Psychic Society 242
Purple Emperor 251
puya, blue 270
Quarterly Journal of Science 196, 217
Quarterly Review 164, 202, 203
Rackham, Oliver 218
Ramsay, Andrew 188, 225
Rayleigh, Lord 217
Red Lions 204
redwoods see sequias
Rhacophorus 106
rhinoceros 158
Roberts, Eliza 223
Robertson, William 21
Rockie Mountains 247–48
Rolleston, George 167, 168, 170
Romanes, George 4, 190, 236, 264
Rosenberg, Herr, 140, 147
Ross, Mrs (medium) 238
Ross, Charles 240
Ross, Hannah 240, 241
royal cowslip 158
Royal Geographical Society: assistant secretaryship of 179, 261; creationism and 102; Wallace awarded Founders’ Medal 259, 260; Wallace’s introduction to 86; Wallace’s Malay Archipelago expedition 88, 96, 101
Royal Institution 278, 279
Royal Society 198, 259; Wallace awarded Copley Medal 278
Sadong river 104, 105, 108, 109
St John, Spencer 109
sandflies 69
Santarem 47, 48, 50–52, 53, 80
Santos Innocentos, Frei José dos 64–65
Santubong mountain 101, 104, 109
Santubong river 104
São Carlos 67
São Gabriel 60, 77, 78–79, 80
São Jeronymo 75
São Joachim 73, 77, 80
sapi-utan 145
Sarawak (Kuching) 101, 110: Rajah of 87
Sarawak river 101, 104, 109
Saunders, William 136
Saxifraga nivalis 262
Saxifraga stellaris 262
Sayce, William 18
Sayce, William and Morris 16
Schomburgk, Robert 61, 62
Sclater, Philip: bird of paradise and 160, 161, 163; Wallace’s pension and 225
Sedgwick, Adam 153
Sedingole 130
Semioptera wallacei 143
sequoias 245–46, 247
Serra of Cocoí 67
Serra de Cobatí 62–64
Sharpe, J. W. 227
Shaw, George Bernard 231, 257, 273
Shaw, Dr Norton 89, 92, 101
Shaw, Roland 267
siamang 159, 160, 161
Sidgwick, Henry 238
Silk, George: investment and 193; Wallace: friendship with 166; meeting 9; Wallace writes to 150–51
Simethus bicolor 280
Sims, Frances (Fanny: sister) 6; in America 23; death 262–63; Paris visit 28; schools 20; Sims, Thomas, friendship with 29; spiritualism and 186, 190–91
Sims, Thomas: Fanny, financial difficulties 266; Fanny, friendship with 29; photographic business 165, 166, 179; Wallace and 66, 67; Wallace’s help 166; Wallace’s return home and 144; at Westbourne Grove Terrace 165
Simunjon 105–8
Simunjon river 104
Sinclair, Archdeacon 166
<
br /> Singapore 94, 110–13, 160
Slade (medium) 217
Slater, Mathew 275
sloths 39, 42
Soulbury 16
Sourabaya 157
Spencer, Herbert 91, 167, 174, 178, 228
spiritualism 240–42 see also under Wallace, Alfred Russel
Spix, Johann Baptist von 38, 55
Spottiswoode, William 223, 225, 230
Spruce, Richard: on Amazon 47, 50–51, 52, 65, 72, 76, 77, 78; character 51; death 263; economics of collecting 29, 30; Hooker and 182; mishaps and 43–44; Mitten and 182; natural selection and 79; ‘Note on the Theory of Evolution’ 78–79; social observations 72; species and 78–79, 127; spiritualism and 192; Wallace and 47, 76, 77–78, 80, 91, 127, 180, 194; Wallace’s homage to 275; Wallace’s Palms of the Amazon and 91
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 94
Stamford, Lord 22
Stanford, Senator Leland 244, 246
Stanley, Hiram 254
Stephens, James 22
Stevens, Samuel: consignments to 41, 44; economics of collecting trade and 29; Entomological Society, Treasurer of 84; Wallace’s agent, activity 111; Wallace’s cargo insured by 83; Wallace’s investments and 193; Wallace’s letters published by 84; Wallace welcomed home by 83; Zoological Society and 164
Stockton (America) 244, 246
Strasburger, Professor 278
Sulawesi see Celebes
Sumatra 152, 156, 159, 161
Sutro, Adolph 244
Swainson, William 20
swallowtails 154
Swansea Literary and Scientific Society 29
Swinton, A. C. 267
Switzerland 89, 263–64
Tapajóz river 48, 49, 50
Tennyson, Alfred Lord 231, 232–34, 272
Tennyson, Hallam 232
Ternate 129, 134, 140, 143, 147, 152, 154
Thalictrum alpinum 262
Thiselton-Dyer, William 224, 261, 270, 282, 291
Thorpe, Reverend St John 286
Timor 152, 154–55
Tocantins river 41–44
Tolstoy, Count Lev 273
Tómo 68
Torquay 205
Trichius fasciatus 25, 26
Tristram, Reverend H. B. 164, 169, 291
Trogonoptera brookiana, see Ornithoptera brookeana
trogons 95, 103, 157
trumpet birds 54
Turner, Captain 81
turtle, painted 79
Tylor, Edward 189, 208
Tyndall, John 189, 197, 217, 234
umbrella birds 54, 55, 76, 80
United States of America 235–49
Usk, river 5, 6
Varley, Cromwell 197
Vaupés river 61, 66, 73–76, 79–80
Veitch’s (nurserymen) 112
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation see Chambers, Robert
Villa Nova 52
Vincente (Amazon) 39
Vogt, Carl 197
Volney, Constantin 48
Wadhurst 270
Wahai 147
Waigiou 146, 147, 148, 152, 160
Wales 16–20, 24–28, 188, 194, 204, 273
walking-stick insect 188
Wallace, Alfred Russel: achievements 2; Amazon expedition: consignments sent from 41, 44, 51, 54; daily routine 39; decision for expedition 30; departure for 31; explorations 39–58; man-management on 42, 43, 52–53; return from 81–82; Amazon letters published 44, 84; American tour 235–49, 250; anthropology 2, 20, 165; apprenticeship as surveyor 15; Asian-Australian species, dividing line 114; astronomy 271–72; autobiography 24; beetles and 1, 22, 25, 29; birth 6; books sold 223; Borneo: species, number collected 105; Wallace’s arrival 101; botany, early studies 19–20; brain and 202–3, 209; at British Museum 28; building, early 25; Celtic heritage 3; character 3–5, 45; childhood 7–9; civilisation and 177, 201; civilised life, criticism of 70–72; collections lost 81; collections sold 166, 210; collector, decides to become 28; colonialism and 144–45; common land and 218; Croydon, move to 218; death 284; Dell, The, and 209–10, 210–11, 216; Dorking, moves to 216; education 8, 9, 10–13; employment, search for 15–19, 179, 180, 199, 206, 208, 219, 220–21; enclosure and 17–18; engagement to Marion Leslie 172, 180–81; Entomological Society and 84; Epping Forest and 218–21, 230; experimental farm idea 259; family business affairs 86, 166; fever attacks 77, 80, 81, 95; as field naturalist 1, 2; finances 9–10, 45, 193–94, 198–99, 234, 235; fire, losses at sea 81; foot trouble 122, 136–37; funeral 284; geology, first steps in 15; Grange inspected by 268–69; Hampden’s persecution of 207, 227; health improved 265–66; at Hertford 8; home-colony idea 267–68; house-building 209–10, 223, 269; human races and 129–30; influences on 102; inheritance and 259; investments 193–94; at Jardin des Plantes 28; nationalisation and 18, 228, 229, 230, 231, 235; reform and 228, 231; language learning 38, 54, 112; lecturing 25, 195, 235, 253; Leslie, Marion: courtship of 171–72; letter missing 290; Linnean Society Fellow 210; Linnean Society Royal Medal 259, 260; literature and 272–73; literature of Far East and 292–93; in London with John 13–15, 20; Malay Archipelago: consignments from 100, 114; daily routine 94–95; decision for expedition 87; expeditions 94–160; geographical aspects of expedition 88; Malay-Papuan racial types 130, 150, 175; passage to 88–89, 92; return from 161; unexplored, relatively 87; mankind, interest in 2, 123, 129–30, 175, 196 see also anthropology; marriage 187; mesmerism and 22, 185; Mitten family and 183; modesty 258; monkey eaten by 41; naivety 4; natural selection: championing of 174, 197; Higher Intelligence and (little heresy) 171, 202, 203–4, 205, 209, 234, 271; man and 175–78; man as special case 178–79, 202–4; mental development and 156–57, 177; moment of vision 276–77; presentation with Darwin at Linnean Society 21, 138–39; natural world, love of 2; Neath Philosophical and Literary Institute, Curator of 25; Nutwood Cottage 223, 227, 251; obituaries 284; Old Orchard/Broadstone 269, 282; Order of Merit awarded to 278–29; origin of species and 1, 27, 28, 101–4, 110; Oxford University Honorary Doctorate 259; Paris visit 28; Parkstone house (Corfe View) 252–53, 261–62, 267; pension for 221, 222, 223–24, 225–26, 227; personal collections 165; phrenology and 22–23, 185; public honours 259–60; public speaking, aversion to 260; railway nationalisation 283; reading, adult 21, 27, 273; reading, childhood 11–12; reading, youthful 14; religion and 12, 14–15; reputation 86, 285–87, 291, 293; Rio Negro, expeditions 53–55, 56, 57, 58, 59–82; Royal Geographical Society’s Founders’ Medal 259, 260; Royal Society Darwin Medal 259; Royal Society fellowship 261; Royal Society Royal Medal 198; at St Mark’s Crescent 182, 188; scarlet fever 9; schoolmaster, employment as 20–21, 22; scientific societies, attendance after return from East 163–64; self-education 3, 15, 18; sexual selection and 196, 255; shyness 4; siblings 6; slavery and 46; snake, brush with poisonous 143–44; social Darwinism and 251; social evolution and 230–31; social issues and 71, 72, 91, 211, 228, 229, 254, 255, 275, 294; socialism and 231, 272, 283; species and 1, 27, 28, 51, 56, 101–4, 130–32: Spruce discussion 78–79; species distribution 113, 144; spiritualism and 23, 184, 185–87, 188–93, 197–98, 204, 208–9, 212–14, 218, 222, 231, 232–33, 237–39, 244–45, 263, 265, 267, 272, 274; surveyor, employment as 24, 25; survival of the fittest 131; Transvaal War, protests against 266; universe, man and 271; vaccination and 253–54, 264; verses 70–71; Wales and 16–20; Wallace’s Line 5, 215; wasps attack 43; watch repairer 16; water wager 206–7; at Westbourne Grove Terrace 165; William’s death and 23–24; William’s disapproval of botanising 19; woman, role of 255, 256; women and 36; Zoological Society: chairs meeting 188; elected Fellow 163; papers given at 86, 164; see also following entry; for relations with other people, see under names of the others