After the Victorians
Page 77
2 Cole, p. 20.
3 ibid., pp. 234–5.
4 Oswald Mosley, p. 237.
5 ibid., p. 241.
6 New Statesman, 27 October 1961.
7 Webb (1985), p. 217.
8 ibid., p. 240.
9 Nicholas Mosley, p. 191.
10 Webb (1985), p. 240.
11 ibid., p. 244.
12 Harold Nicolson (1966), p. 83.
13 ibid., p. 91.
14 Hicks, p. 225.
15 Galbraith, p. 89.
16 Hoover, vol. II, p. 209.
17 Tindall, p. 1052.
18 Zinn, p. 382.
19 Cabinet Papers (Public Record Office), Minutes and Memoranda of the Committee on Preparations for the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931–2.
20 Barnett, p. 297.
21 McKibbin, p. 113.
22 Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier (Complete Works, vol. Five), p. 62.
23 ibid., p. 165. One of the more absurd things about Chesterton’s literary beeriness was that it was an affectation limited to the page. When the truly beery Henry Slesser, a judge who lived in the Thames Valley, initiated something called the Fraternity of St Ambularis devoted to ‘fresh air, blue skies and wayside inns’, he and his friends enlisted Chesterton from nearby Beaconsfield. G.K. was compelled to do penance when he was discovered to prefer cocoa to beer (Pople, p. 193).
24 Orwell, vol. Five, p. 215.
25 Diana Mosley in conversation with the author.
24 The Abdication
1 Annual Register 1936, p. 7.
2 ibid., pp. 179 and 27.
3 Burleigh, p. 294.
4 Saklatvala, p. 480.
5 His mother’s brother J. N. Tata owned the largest commercial empire in India – see Squires, p. 1.
6 ibid., p. 91.
7 ibid., p. 205.
8 Saklatvala, p. 481.
9 Muggeridge (1940), p. 75.
10 Lycett, p. 585.
11 Betjeman (1979), p. no.
12 F. Watson, ‘The Death of George V’, History Today (December 1986), p. 28.
13 Kenneth Rose, pp. 401–2.
14 ibid., p. 403.
15 Donaldson, p. 69.
16 Channon, p. 89 (3 December 1936).
17 Donaldson, p. 40.
18 Harold Nicolson, p. 244.
19 Channon, p. 33.
20 ibid., p. 71.
21 Donaldson, p. 106.
22 ibid., p. 139.
23 Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Fifth Series, Column XC, p. 1014, 28 February 1934.
24 Harrod Papers, BL Add. MS 71186 f. 61, letter dated 8 October 1957.
25 Channon, p. 106, 6 August 1936.
26 Harold Nicolson (1966), p. 273.
27 Reck-Malleczewen, p. 36.
28 ibid., p. 34.
29 ibid.
30 Klemperer, 9 November 1935, p. 133.
31 Donaldson, p. 197.
32 Reck-Malleczewen, p. 204.
33 The Duchess of Windsor, p. 261.
34 Colefax Papers, Bodleian MS Eng C.3272.
35 ibid.
36 Lockhart, pp. 405–6. Archbishops of Canterbury sign themselves ‘Cantuar’.
37 Donaldson, p. 295.
38 Pope-Hennessy, p. 578.
39 Muggeridge (1981), pp. 155–6.
25 The European Crisis
1 Thomas, p. xx.
2 ibid.
3 ibid., p. 847.
4 Reck-Malleczewen, p. 55.
5 V. M. Berzhkov, At Stalin’s Side, New York, 1994, pp. 7, 72, 117, quoted Overy (2005), pp. 635ff.
6 Harvey, p. 534.
7 All the details come from Gellately.
8 Thomas, p. 9.
9 Jackson, p. 60.
10 Quoted Barber, p. 112.
11 Thomas, p. 982.
12 ibid., p. 983.
13 Keene, p. 121.
14 ibid., p. 102.
15 Snowman, p. 85.
16 A. J. P. Taylor (1965), p. 420.
17 Snowman, p. 59.
18 Gellately, pp. 123–9.
19 Harvey, p. 515.
20 Grundy, p. 72 and passim.
21 Told to the author by John Buxton, who was present.
22 Kershaw (1998), p. 60.
23 Skidelsky, p. 564.
24 Harold Nicolson (1966), p. 359.
25 ibid., p. 130.
26 Kershaw (1998), p. 117.
27 Harold Nicolson (1966), p. 371.
28 Kershaw (2000), p. 123.
29 Macleod, p. 268.
30 Skidelsky, p. 576.
31 Macleod, p. 270.
32 Simon, p. 63.
33 ibid., p. 64.
34 Roberts, p. 306.
35 Stephenson, p. 81.
36 Simon, p. 67.
37 ibid., p. 72.
38 Johnson, p. 94.
39 Waugh (1979), p. 449.
40 Roberts, p. 308.
41 Harvey, p. 742.
42 Jenkins (2001), p. 419.
26 The Special Relationship I
1 All biographical and other information derives from the website www.laurel-and-hardy.com.
2 Stafford, p. xvi.
3 Benjamin Welles, p. 278.
4 ibid., p. 243.
5 Herzstein, p. 228.
6 Sumner Welles, p. 61.
7 Benjamin Welles, p. 245.
8 ibid., p. 245.
9 Sumner Welles, p. 73.
10 ibid., p. 88.
11 Hitler (2001), p. 597.
12 Fest, p. 607.
13 Bethge, p. 531.
14 Shirer (1970), p. 150.
15 ibid., p. 70.
16 ibid., p. 92.
17 Black, p. 490.
18 ibid., p. 492.
19 Herzstein, p. 259.
20 ibid., p. 260.
21 ibid., p. 224.
22 ibid., p. 269.
23 ibid., p. 224.
24 Abbott, pp. 172–3.
25 Black, p. 589.
27 Churchill in 1940
1 Berlin, p. 29.
2 ibid., p. 39.
3 Moran, p. 244.
4 Hansard, 5th Series, vol. 363, cols. 51–61.
5 Moran, p. 170.
6 Jenkins (2001), p. 268.
7 Fussell (1989), p. 255.
8 ibid., p. 102.
9 ibid.
10 Lockhart, vol. II, p. 130.
11 Moran, p. 614.
12 Berlin, p. 32.
13 ibid., p. 12.
14 Moran, p. 351.
15 ibid., p. 352.
16 ibid., p. 397.
28 From the Battle of Britain to Pearl Harbor
1 Robert O’Neill, ‘Churchill, Japan and British security in the Pacific, 1904–1942’ in Blake & Louis, p. 278.
2 Hitler (1958), p. 23.
3 ibid., p. 12.
4 ibid., p. 14.
5 Wright, p. 104.
6 ibid., p. 107.
7 Blaxland, p. 387.
8 H. V. Jones, ‘Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt’, in DNB 1971–1980.
9 ‘Alone in Britain’, written by Laurence Thompson, The World at War, Episode 4. The World at War was a 26-episode televised history of the Second World War, broadcast 1973–4 by Thames Television.
10 Wright, p. 268.
11 E. B. Haslam, ‘Hugh Dowding’, DNB 1961–1970.
12 Private information.
13 Wright, p. 5.
14 A. D. Harvey, p. 741.
15 Moran, p. 835.
16 Hitler (1958), p. 24.
17 Gilbert (1989), p. 746.
18 Harvey, p. 738. The quote is from John Colville, The Fringes of Power, p. 131.
19 Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. VI, p. 588.
20 A. J. P. Taylor (1965), p. 507.
21 The World at War, Episode 4. (See note 9 above.)
22 Fussell (1989), p. 131.
23 A
lan Clark (1998), p. 206.
29 Bombers and the Bombed
1 Daily Telegraph, Tuesday 13 July 2004, p. 7.
2 Budiansky, p. 147.
3 The Nietzsche quote is cited by Robin Niellands, p. 72.
4 A. J. P. Taylor (1965), p. 364.
5 Max Hastings (1979), p. 346.
6 Longmate, p. 254.
7 Told to author by one of the men present.
8 A. J. P. Taylor (1965), p. 454.
9 Kurowski, p. 8.
10 PRO Prime Minister 3/89, quoted Kurowski, p. 17.
11 Longmate, p. 72.
12 Richie, p. 495.
13 Longmate, p. 4.
14 ibid., p. 84.
15 Probert, p. 221.
16 ibid.
17 ibid., p. 254.
18 ibid., p. 257.
19 ibid., p. 185.
20 Richie, p. 533.
21 ‘Whirlwind’, written by Charles Douglas-Home. World at War, Episode 10.
22 Bowen, chapter 5, p. 86.
23 ‘Alone in Britain’, written by Lawrence Thompson, The World at War.
24 The Times, 1870, A. N. Wilson (2002), p. 345.
25 Richie, p. 534.
26 ‘Whirlwind’, see note 21 above.
27 Reck-Malleczewen, p. 269.
28 ‘Whirlwind’.
29 ibid.
30 Reck-Malleczewen, p. 225.
31 Moral Issues and the Bomber War, p. 399.
30 In the Broadcast
1 Kenny, p. 243.
2 ibid., p. 109.
3 McKibbin, p. 468.
4 Kenny, p. 153.
5 Overy (2000), pp. 12–14.
6 Kenny, p. 153.
7 ibid., p. 154.
8 Carpenter, p. 568.
9 ibid., p. 585.
10 Torrey, p. 162.
11 McCrum, p. 211.
12 Muggeridge (1973), p. 235.
13 McCrum, p. 308.
14 Muggeridge (1973), p. 230.
15 Hickman, p. 31.
16 ibid., p. 21.
17 Briggs, p. 205.
18 Gilbert, vol. VI, Finest Hour, p. 664.
19 Winston Churchill (1989), p. 216.
20 Briggs, p. 68.
21 Hickman, p. 39.
22 ibid., p. 47.
23 Briggs, p. 215.
24 Hickman, p. 88.
25 ibid., p. 90.
31 The Special Relationship II
1 Renehan, p. 44.
2 Warren F. Kimball, ‘Wheel Within a Wheel: Churchill, Roosevelt and the Special Relationship’ in Blake & Louis, p. 291.
3 ibid., p. 292.
4 Larres, p. 190.
5 Charmley (1993), p. 215.
6 Moran, p. 792.
7 Biographical details from Harold Hartley’s entry in DNB 1951–1960.
8 Conant, p. 191.
9 ibid., p. 194.
10 Harvey, p. 583.
11 Jenkins (2001), p. 27.
12 ibid., p. 417.
13 Harvey, pp. 566–7.
14 Skidelsky, p. 617.
15 Kimball (1969), p. 104.
16 Skidelsky, p. 620.
17 ibid., p. 628.
18 ibid., p. 696.
19 Charmley (1995), p. 121.
20 His name was Major Desmond Morton, quoted in Stafford, pp. 238–9.
21 Toughill, p. 149.
22 ibid., p. 169.
23 Sainsbury, p. 171.
24 ibid., p. 283.
25 ibid., p. 226.
26 See Härtle, p. 290 and passim.
32 Prisoners
1 Snowman, p. 109.
2 ibid., p. 107.
3 Levi, p. 171.
4 Persecuted Women in Britain Today, The 18B Publicity Council, 1941.
5 Gilbert, vol. VI, Finest Hour, p. 664.
6 Gilbert (1989), p. 274.
7 See such heartrending accounts as Roy Whitecross, Slaves of the Son of Heaven, or Reginald Burton, Railway of Hell.
8 Gellately, p. 52.
9 Berben, p. 7.
10 ibid., p. 19.
11 ibid., p. 195.
12 Marcuse, p. 45.
13 Hickman, p. 191.
14 Fest, p. 712.
15 Bethge, p. 777.
16 ibid., p. 831.
17 Reck-Malleczewen, p. 193.
18 Trevor-Roper (1950), p. 35.
19 Fest, p. 732.
20 ibid., p. 748.
21 Applebaum, p. 416.
22 Halévy, p. 252.
33 If God Wearied of Mankind
1 Moran, pp. 673, 675.
2 Conant, p. 135.
3 Cornwell, p. 26.
4 Ronald W. Clark, p. 37.
5 ibid., p. 43.
6 ibid., p. 51.
7 ibid., p. 94.
8 Rhodes, p. 275.
9 Ronald W. Clark, p. 31.
10 Black, p. 539.
11 Ronald W. Clark, p. 179.
12 Rhodes, p. 539.
13 ibid., p. 557.
14 Moran, p. 301.
15 Rhodes, p. 676.
16 Barton J. Bernstein, ‘Roosevelt, Truman and the Atomic Bomb’, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 90, Issue 1, Spring 1975, pp. 23–69.
17 Most of the information for this part of the chapter is derived from Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb.
18 Gilbert (1989), p. 715.
19 ibid., p. 696.
20 Alperovitz, p. 663.
21 Rhodes, p. 647.
22 ibid., p. 642.
23 ibid., p. 691.
24 ibid., p. 701.
25 ibid., p. 724.
26 Luke 9: 29.
27 Rhodes, p. 724.
28 ibid., p. 743.
34 Retributions
1 Kenner, p. 420.
2 Pound (1964), Canto I, p. 7.
3 Farrell, p. 474.
4 Pound (1964), Canto LXXIV, p. 451.
5 Torrey, pp. 76–85.
6 Sauter, p. 101.
7 Pound (1964), Canto LXXIX, p. 521.
8 David Maxwell-Fyfe, one of the prosecutors, reviewing the case against holding the trial in a preface to R. W. Cooper, The Nuremberg Trial.
9 Cooper, p. 203.
10 Moran, p. 190.
11 Cooper, p. 28.
12 Pound (1964), Canto LXXX, p. 549.
13 Harold Nicolson (1967), p. 465.
14 Winston Churchill (1989), pp. 270–71.
15 Attlee, The Granada Historical Records Interview, Granada, 1967, p. 27.
16 Soames, p. 382.
17 ibid., p. 391.
18 Muggeridge (1981), p. 244.
35 The End of the British Empire – India and Palestine
1 Judith M. Brown (2003), p. 175.
2 Das, p. 25.
3 Moran, p. 395.
4 Smith, p. 619.
5 Das, p. 63.
6 ibid., p. 28.
7 ibid., p. 29.
8 Captain Bob Shaw, Royal Navy (Mountbatten’s contemporary at Osborne), to the author.
9 Massinberd, p. 147.
10 ibid., p. 148.
11 Judith M. Brown (2003), p. 171.
12 Das, p. 184.
13 Lawrence James (1994), p. 554.
14 The Truman Diaries are in the Truman Library, Independence, Mo. I am quoting from the New York Times, 14 July 2003, which had extensive treatment of the recently discovered diary entry.
15 Hennessy, p. 241.
16 Quoted New York Times, 14 July 2003.
17 ibid.
18 Hennessy, p. 239.
19 ibid.
20 Dalton, 20 February 1951, p. 508.
21 Together with the problems of Zimbabwe, Northern Ireland, Egypt, Iraq, etc., etc.
22 Fischer, p. 624.
23 ibid., p. 625.
24 ibid., p. 19.
25 ibid., p. 22.
36 Widmerpool’s Britain
1 Nock (1966), p. 248.
2 Wragg, p. 113.
3 Nock (1966), p. 218.
4 Hennessy, p. 77.
5 Sampson, p. 225.
6 A. N. Wilson (2002), p. 281.
7 Timmins, p. 87.
8 Gosden, p. 256.
9 Gilbert, Companion vol. II, Pt 2, p. 914.
10 Kevin Theakston, ‘Winston Churchill and the British Constitution’, in Blake & Louis, p. 54.
11 ibid., p. 55.
12 Gilbert (1983–6), vol. VI, p. 62.
13 Davenport, p. 161.
14 Rt Hon Barbara Castle, television interview, BBC 1, 28 September 1989.
15 Harling, p. 165.
16 Powell (1971), p. 141.
17 Lewis, p. 232.
18 Harold Macmillan, p. 65.
19 Michael Foot (1973), vol. II, p. 134.
20 Timmins, p. 103.
21 Michael Foot (1973), vol. II, p. 132.
22 Timmins, p. 160.
23 Macaulay (1950), p. 252.
24 Hennessy, p. 340.
25 Powell (1968), chapter 2.
37 The Hereditary Principle
1 Watson, p. 19. The Times obituary of Francis Crick, 30 July 2004, p. 38.
2 Proust, vol. III, p. 564.
3 Mussolini, ‘Political and Social Doctrine’, quoted Zeev Sternhell, ‘Fascist ideology’, in Laqueur, p. 355.
4 Macaulay (1961), p. 211.
5 Powys (1951), p. 276.
6 ‘The Need for Roots’, in Weil, p. 218.
7 Bradford, p. 449.
8 Norton, p. 46.
9 ibid., p. 52.
10 Pimlott, p. 172.
11 Bradford, p. 459.
12 Pimlott, p. 175.
13 ibid., p. 580.
14 Crawford, p. 32.
15 ibid., p. 17.
16 ibid., p. 71.
17 Macaulay (1961), p. 266.
18 Macaulay (1962), p. 92.
19 Evening Standard, Tuesday 2 June 1953.
20 Hunt, p. 178.
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