The History of Tom Jones (Penguin Classics)

by Henry Fielding

  Their Envy did not, however, display itself openly, till poor Jenny, to the Surprize of every Body, and to the Vexation of all the young Women in these Parts, had publickly shone forth on a Sunday in a new Silk Gown, with a laced Cap, and other proper Appendages to these.

  The Flame, which had before lain in Embryo, now burst forth. Jenny had, by her Learning, encreased her own Pride, which none of her Neighbours were kind enough to feed with the Honour she seemed to demand; and now, instead of Respect and Adoration, she gained nothing but Hatred and Abuse by her Finery. The whole Parish declared she could not come honestly by such Things; and Parents, instead of wishing their Daughters the same, felicitated themselves that their Children had them not.

  Hence perhaps it was, that the good Woman first mentioned the Name of this poor Girl to Mrs. Wilkins; but there was another Circumstance that confirmed the latter in her Suspicion: For Jenny had lately been often at Mr. Allworthy’s House. She had officiated as Nurse to Miss Bridget, in a violent Fit of Illness, and had sat up many Nights with that Lady; besides which, she had been seen there the very Day before Mr. Allworthy’s Return, by Mrs. Wilkins herself, tho’ that sagacious Person had not at first conceived any Suspicion of her on that Account: For, as she herself said, ‘She had always esteemed Jenny as a very sober Girl, (tho’ indeed she knew very little of her) and had rather suspected some of those wanton Trollops, who gave themselves Airs, because, forsooth, they thought themselves handsome.’

  Jenny was now summoned to appear in Person before Mrs. Deborah, which she immediately did. When Mrs. Deborah, putting on the Gravity of a Judge, with somewhat more than his Austerity, began an Oration with the Words ‘You audacious Strumpet,’ in which she proceeded rather to pass Sentence on the Prisoner than to accuse her.

  Tho’ Mrs. Deborah was fully satisfied of the Guilt of Jenny, from the Reasons above shewn, it is possible Mr. Allworthy might have required some stronger Evidence to have convicted her; but she saved her Accusers any such Trouble, by freely confessing the whole Fact with which she was charged.

  This Confession, tho’ delivered rather in Terms of Contrition, as it appeared, did not at all mollify Mrs. Deborah, who now pronounced a second Judgment against her, in more opprobrious Language than before: Nor had it any better Success with the Bye-standers, who were now grown very numerous. Many of them cried out, ‘They thought what Madam’s Silk Gown would end in;’ others spoke sarcastically of her Learning. Not a single Female was present, but found some Means of expressing her Abhorrence of poor Jenny; who bore all very patiently, except the Malice of one Woman, who reflected upon her Person, and, tossing up her Nose, said, ‘The Man must have a good Stomach, who would give Silk Gowns for such Sort of Trumpery.’ Jenny replied to this, with a Bitterness which might have surprized a judicious Person, who had observed the Tranquillity with which she bore all the Affronts to her Chastity: But her Patience was, perhaps, tired out; for this is a Virtue which is very apt to be fatigued by Exercise.

  Mrs. Deborah having succeeded beyond her Hopes in her Enquiry, returned with much Triumph, and, at the appointed Hour, made a faithful Report to Mr. Allworthy, who was much surprized at the Relation; for he had heard of the extraordinary Parts and Improvements of this Girl, whom he intended to have given in Marriage, together with a small Living, to a neighbouring Curate. His Concern therefore, on this Occasion, was at least equal to the Satisfaction which appeared in Mrs. Deborah, and to many Readers may seem much more reasonable.

  Mrs. Bridget blessed herself, and said, ‘For her Part, she should never hereafter entertain a good Opinion of any Woman.’ For Jenny before this had the Happiness of being much in her good Graces also.

  The prudent Housekeeper was again dispatched to bring the unhappy Culprit before Mr. Allworthy, in order, not, as it was hoped by some, and expected by all, to be sent to the House of Correction; but to receive wholesome Admonition and Reproof, which those who relish that Kind of instructive Writing, may peruse in the next Chapter.

  CHAPTER VII.

  Containing such grave Matter, that the Reader cannot laugh once through the whole Chapter, unless peradventure he should laugh at the Author.

  When Jenny appeared, Mr. Allworthy took her into his Study, and spoke to her as follows:

  ‘You know, Child, it is in my Power, as a Magistrate, to punish you very rigorously for what you have done; and you will, perhaps, be the more apt to fear I should execute that Power, because you have, in a manner, laid your Sins at my Door.

  ‘But perhaps this is one Reason which hath determined me to act in a milder Manner with you: For, as no private Resentment should ever influence a Magistrate, I will be so far from considering your having deposited the Infant in my House, as an Aggravation of your Offence, that I will suppose, in your Favour, this to have proceeded from a natural Affection to your Child; since you might have some Hopes to see it thus better provided for, than was in the Power of yourself, or its wicked Father, to provide for it. I should indeed have been highly offended with you, had you exposed the little Wretch in the Manner of some inhuman Mothers, who seem no less to have abandoned their Humanity, than to have parted with their Chastity. It is the other Part of your Offence, therefore, upon which I intend to admonish you, I mean the Violation of your Chastity. A Crime, however lightly it may be treated by debauched Persons, very heinous in itself, and very dreadful in its Consequences.

  ‘The heinous Nature of this Offence must be sufficiently apparent to every Christian, inasmuch as it is committed in Defiance of the Laws of our Religion, and of the express Commands of him who founded that Religion.

  ‘And here its Consequences may well be argued to be dreadful; for what can be more so, than to incur the Divine Displeasure, by the Breach of the Divine Commands; and that in an Instance, against which the highest Vengeance is specifically denounced?

  ‘But these Things, tho’ too little, I am afraid, regarded, are so plain, that Mankind, however they may want to be reminded, can never need Information on this Head. A Hint therefore, to awaken your Sense of this Matter, shall suffice; for I would inspire you with Repentance, and not drive you to Desperation.

  ‘There are other Consequences, not indeed so dreadful, or replete with Horror, as this; and yet such as, if attentively considered, must, one would think, deter all, of your Sex at least, from the Commission of this Crime.

  ‘For by it you are rendered infamous, and driven, like Lepers of old, out of Society; at least from the Society of all but wicked and reprobate Persons; for no others will associate with you.

  ‘If you have Fortunes, you are hereby rendered incapable of enjoying them; if you have none, you are disabled from acquiring any, nay almost of procuring your Sustenance; for no Persons of Character will receive you into their Houses. Thus you are often driven by Necessity itself into a State of Shame and Misery, which unavoidably ends in the Destruction of both Body and Soul.

  ‘Can any Pleasure compensate these Evils? Can any Temptation have Sophistry and Delusion strong enough to persuade you to so simple a Bargain? Or can any carnal Appetite so overpower your Reason, or so totally lay it asleep, as to prevent your flying with Affright and Terror from a Crime which carries such Punishment always with it?

  ‘How base and mean must that Woman be, how void of that Dignity of Mind, and decent Pride, without which we are not worthy the Name of human Creatures, who can bear to level herself with the lowest Animal, and to sacrifice all that is great and noble in her, all her heavenly Part, to an Appetite which she hath in common with the vilest Branch of the Creation! For no Woman sure, will plead the Passion of Love for an Excuse. This would be to own herself the meer Tool and Bubble1 of the Man. Love, however barbarously we may corrupt and pervert its Meaning, as it is a laudable, is a rational Passion, and can never be violent, but when reciprocal; for though the Scripture bids us love our Enemies,2 it means not with that fervent Love, which we naturally bear towards our Friends; much less that we should sacrifice to them our Lives; and what ought to be dea
rer to us, our Innocence. Now in what Light, but that of an Enemy, can a reasonable Woman regard the Man, who solicits her to entail on herself, all the Misery I have described to you, and who would purchase to himself a short, trivial, contemptible Pleasure, so greatly at her Expence! For, by the Laws of Custom, the whole Shame, with all its dreadful Consequences, falls intirely upon her. Can Love, which always seeks the Good of its Object, attempt to betray a Woman into a Bargain where she is so greatly to be the Loser? If such Corrupter, therefore, should have the Impudence to pretend a real Affection for her, ought not the Woman to regard him, not only as an Enemy, but as the worst of all Enemies; a false, designing, treacherous, pretended Friend, who intends not only to debauch her Body, but her Understanding at the same Time?’

  Here Jenny expressing great Concern, Allworthy paused a Moment, and then proceeded: ‘I have talked thus to you, Child, not to insult you for what is past, and irrevocable, but to caution and strengthen you for the future. Nor should I have taken this Trouble, but from some Opinion of your good Sense, notwithstanding the dreadful Slip you have made; and from some Hopes of your hearty Repentance, which are founded on the Openness and Sincerity of your Confession. If these do not deceive me, I will take Care to convey you from this Scene of your Shame, where you shall, by being unknown, avoid the Punishment which, as I have said, is allotted to your Crime in this World; and I hope, by Repentance, you will avoid the much heavier Sentence denounced against it in the other. Be a good Girl the rest of your Days, and Want shall be no Motive to your going astray: And believe me, there is more Pleasure, even in this World, in an innocent and virtuous Life, than in one debauched and vicious.

  ‘As to your Child, let no Thoughts concerning it molest you; I will provide for it in a better Manner than you can ever hope. And now Nothing remains, but that you inform me who was the wicked Man that seduced you; for my Anger against him will be much greater than you have experienced on this Occasion.’

  Jenny now first lifted her Eyes from the Ground, and with a modest Look, and decent Voice, thus began:

  ‘To know you, Sir, and not love your Goodness, would be an Argument of total Want of Sense or Goodness in any one. In me it would amount to the highest Ingratitude, not to feel in the most sensible Manner, the great Degree of Goodness you have been pleased to exert on this Occasion. As to my Concern for what is past, I know you will spare my Blushes the Repetition. My future Conduct will much better declare my Sentiments, than any Professions I can now make. I beg Leave to assure you, Sir, that I take your Advice much kinder, than your generous Offer with which you concluded it. For, as you are pleased to say, Sir, it is an Instance of your Opinion of my Understanding’—Here her Tears flowing apace, she stopped a few Moments, and then proceeded thus, ‘Indeed, Sir, your Kindness overcomes me; but I will endeavour to deserve this good Opinion: For, if I have the Understanding you are so kindly pleased to allow me, such Advice cannot be thrown away upon me. I thank you, Sir, heartily, for your intended Kindness to my poor helpless Child: He is innocent, and, I hope, will live to be grateful for all the Favours you shall shew him. But now, Sir, I must on my Knees intreat you, not to persist in asking me to declare the Father of my Infant. I promise you faithfully, you shall one Day know; but I am under the most solemn Ties and Engagements of Honour, as well as the most religious Vows and Protestations, to conceal his Name at this Time. And I know you too well to think you would desire I should sacrifice either my Honour, or my Religion.’

  Mr. Allworthy, whom the least Mention of those sacred Words was sufficient to stagger, hesitated a Moment before he replied, and then told her, she had done wrong to enter into such Engagements to a Villain; but since she had, he could not insist on her breaking them. He said, it was not from a Motive of vain Curiosity he had enquired, but in order to punish the Fellow; at least, that he might not ignorantly confer Favours on the Undeserving.

  As to these Points, Jenny satisfied him by the most solemn Assurances, that the Man was entirely out of his Reach, and was neither subject to his Power, nor in any Probability of becoming an Object of his Goodness.

  The Ingenuity3 of this Behaviour had gained Jenny so much Credit with this worthy Man, that he easily believed what she told him: For as she had disdained to excuse herself by a Lie, and had hazarded his farther Displeasure in her present Situation, rather than she would forfeit her Honour, or Integrity, by betraying another, he had but little Apprehension that she would be guilty of Falshood towards himself.

  He therefore dismissed her with Assurances, that he would very soon remove her out of the Reach of that Obloquy she had incurred, concluding with some additional Documents, in which he recommended Repentance, saying, ‘Consider, Child, there is one still to reconcile yourself to, whose Favour is of much greater Importance to you than mine.’

  CHAPTER VIII.

  A Dialogue between Mesdames Bridget, and Deborah; containing more Amusement, but less Instruction than the former.

  When Mr. Allworthy had retired to his Study with Jenny Jones, as hath been seen, Mrs. Bridget, with the good House-keeper, had betaken themselves to a Post next adjoining to the said Study; whence, through the Conveyance of a Key-hole, they sucked in at their Ears the instructive Lecture delivered by Mr. Allworthy, together with the Answers of Jenny, and indeed every other Particular which passed in the last Chapter.

  This Hole in her Brother’s Study Door was indeed as well known to Mrs. Bridget, and had been as frequently applied to by her, as the famous Hole in the Wall was by Thisbe of old. This served to many good Purposes. For by such Means Mrs. Bridget became often acquainted with her Brother’s Inclinations, without giving him the Trouble of repeating them to her. It is true, some Inconveniencies attended this Intercourse, and she had sometimes Reason to cry out with Thisbe, in Shakespear, ‘O wicked, wicked Wall!’1 For as Mr. Allworthy was a Justice of Peace, certain Things occurred in Examinations concerning Bastards, and such like, which are apt to give great Offence to the chaste Ears of Virgins, especially when they approach the Age of Forty, as was the Case of Mrs. Bridget. However, she had, on such Occasions, the Advantage of concealing her Blushes from the Eyes of Men; and De non apparentibus, & non existentibus eadem est ratio2 In English: ‘When a Woman is not seen to blush, she doth not blush at all.’

  Both the good Women kept strict Silence during the whole Scene between Mr. Allworthy and the Girl; but as soon as it was ended, and that Gentleman out of hearing, Mrs. Deborah could not help exclaiming against the Clemency of her Master, and especially against his suffering her to conceal the Father of the Child, which she swore she would have out of her before the Sun set.

  At these Words Mrs. Bridget discomposed her Features with a Smile; (a Thing very unusual to her.) Not that I would have my Reader imagine, that this was one of those wanton Smiles, which Homer would have you conceive came from Venus, when he calls her the laughter-loving Goddess,3 nor was it one of those Smiles, which Lady Seraphina4 shoots from the Stage-Box, and which Venus would quit her Immortality to be able to equal. No, this was rather one of those Smiles, which might be supposed to have come from the dimpled Cheeks of the august Tisiphone,5 or from one of the Misses her Sisters.

  With such a Smile then, and with a Voice, sweet as the Evening Breeze of Boreas in the pleasant Month of November, Mrs. Bridget gently reproved the Curiosity of Mrs. Deborah, a Vice with which it seems the latter was too much tainted, and which the former inveighed against with great Bitterness, adding, ‘that among all her Faults, she thanked Heaven, her Enemies could not accuse her of prying into the Affairs of other People.’

  She then proceeded to commend the Honour and Spirit with which Jenny had acted. She said, she could not help agreeing with her Brother, that there was some Merit in the Sincerity of her Confession, and in her Integrity to her Lover: That she had always thought her a very good Girl, and doubted not but she had been seduced by some Rascal, who had been infinitely more to blame than herself, and very probably had prevailed with her by a Promise of Marriage, or
some other treacherous Proceeding.

  This Behaviour of Mrs. Bridget greatly surprized Mrs. Deborah; for this well-bred Woman seldom opened her Lips either to her Master or his Sister, ’till she had first sounded their Inclinations, with which her Sentiments were always strictly consonant. Here, however, she thought she might have launched forth with Safety; and the sagacious Reader will not perhaps accuse her of want of sufficient Forecast in so doing, but will rather admire with what wonderful Celerity she tacked about, when she found herself steering a wrong Course.

  ‘Nay, Madam,’ said this able Woman, and truly great Politician, ‘I must own I cannot help admiring the Girl’s Spirit, as well as your Ladyship. And, as your Ladyship says, if she was deceived by some wicked Man, the poor Wretch is to be pitied. And to be sure, as your Ladyship says, the Girl hath always appeared like a good, honest, plain Girl, and not vain of her Face, forsooth, as some wanton Husseys in the Neighbourhood are.’