The History of Tom Jones (Penguin Classics)

by Henry Fielding

  CHAPTER VII.

  In which Mr. Allworthy appears on a Sick-Bed.

  Mr. Western was become so fond of Jones, that he was unwilling to part with him, tho’ his Arm had been long since cured; and Jones, either from the Love of Sport, or from some other Reason, was easily persuaded to continue at his House, which he did sometimes for a Fortnight together without paying a single Visit at Mr. Allworthy’s; nay, without ever hearing from thence.

  Mr. Allworthy had been for some Days indisposed with a Cold, which had been attended with a little Fever. This he had, however, neglected, as it was usual with him to do all Manner of Disorders which did not confine him to his Bed, or prevent his several Faculties from performing their ordinary Functions. A Conduct which we would by no means be thought to approve or recommend to Imitation: For surely the Gentlemen of the Æsculapian Art are in the Right in advising, that the Moment the Disease is entered at one Door, the Physician should be introduced at the other; what else is meant by that old Adage: Venienti occurrite Morbo? “Oppose a Distemper at its first Approach.”1 Thus the Doctor and the Disease meet in fair and equal Conflict; whereas, by giving Time to the latter, we often suffer him to fortify and entrench himself, like a French Army; so that the learned Gentleman finds it very difficult, and sometimes impossible to come at the Enemy. Nay sometimes by gaining Time, the Disease applies to the French military Politics, and corrupts Nature over to his Side, and then all the Powers of Physic must arrive too late.2 Agreeable to these Observations was, I remember, the Complaint of the great Doctor Misaubin, who used very pathetically to lament the late Applications which were made to his Skill: Saying, ‘Bygar, me believe my Pation take me for de Undertaker: For dey never send for me till de Physicion have kill dem.’3

  Mr. Allworthy’s Distemper, by Means of this Neglect, gained such Ground, that, when the Increase of his Fever obliged him to send for Assistance, the Doctor at his first Arrival shook his Head, wished he had been sent for sooner, and intimated that he thought him in very imminent Danger. Mr. Allworthy, who had settled all his Affairs in this World, and was as well prepared as it is possible for human Nature to be, for the other, received this Information with the utmost Calmness and Unconcern. He could, indeed, whenever he laid himself down to Rest, say with Cato in the tragical Poem,

  ———Let Guilt or Fear

  Disturb Man’s Rest, Cato knows neither of them;

  Indifferent in his Choice, to sleep or die.4

  In Reality he could say this with ten times more Reason and Confidence than Cato, or any other proud Fellow among the antient or modern Heroes: For he was not only devoid of Fear; but might be considered as a faithful Labourer, when at the End of Harvest he is summoned to receive his Reward at the Hands of a bountiful Master.

  The good Man gave immediate Orders for all his Family to be summoned round him. None of these were then abroad, but Mrs. Blifil, who had been some Time in London, and Mr. Jones, whom the Reader hath just parted from at Mr. Western’s, and who received this Summons just as Sophia had left him.

  The News of Mr. Allworthy’s Danger (for the Servant told him he was dying) drove all Thoughts of Love out of his Head. He hurried instantly into the Chariot which was sent for him, and ordered the Coachman to drive with all imaginable Haste; nor did the Idea of Sophia, I believe, once occur to him on the Way.

  And now, the whole Family, namely, Mr. Blifil, Mr. Jones, Mr. Thwackum, Mr. Square, and some of the Servants (for such were Mr. Allworthy’s Orders) being all assembled round his Bed, the good Man sat up in it, and was beginning to speak, when Blifil fell to blubbering; and began to express very loud and bitter Lamentations. Upon this Mr. Allworthy shook him by the Hand, and said, ‘Do not sorrow thus, my dear Nephew, at the most ordinary of all human Occurrences. When Misfortunes befal our Friends we are justly grieved: For those are Accidents which might often have been avoided, and which may seem to render the Lot of one Man more peculiarly unhappy than that of others; but Death is certainly unavoidable, and is that common Lot, in which alone the Fortunes of all Men agree; nor is the Time when this happens to us very material. If the wisest of Men hath compared Life to a Span,5 surely we may be allowed to consider it as a Day. It is my Fate to leave it in the Evening; but those who are taken away earlier, have only lost a few Hours, at the best little worth lamenting, and much oftener Hours of Labour and Fatigue, of Pain and Sorrow. One of the Roman Poets, I remember, likens our leaving Life to our Departure from a Feast.6 A Thought which hath often occurred to me, when I have seen Men struggling to protract an Entertainment, and to enjoy the Company of their Friends a few Moments longer. Alas! how short is the most protracted of such Enjoyments! How immaterial the Difference between him who retires the soonest, and him who stays the latest! This is seeing Life in the best View, and this Unwillingness to quit our Friends is the most amiable Motive, from which we can derive the Fear of Death; and yet the longest Enjoyment which we can hope for of this Kind, is of so trivial a Duration, that it is to a wise Man truly contemptible. Few Men, I own, think in this Manner: For, indeed, few Men think of Death ’till they are in its Jaws. However gigantic and terrible an Object this may appear when it approaches them, they are nevertheless incapable of seeing it at any Distance; nay, tho’ they have been ever so much alarmed and frightned when they have apprehended themselves in Danger of dying, they are no sooner cleared from this Apprehension than even the Fears of it are erased from their Minds. But alas! he who escapes from Death is not pardoned, he is only reprieved, and reprieved to a short Day.

  ‘Grieve, therefore, no more, my dear Child, on this Occasion; an Event which may happen every Hour, which every Element, nay almost every Particle of Matter that surrounds us is capable of producing, and which must and will most unavoidably reach us all at last, ought neither to occasion our Surprize, nor our Lamentation.

  ‘My Physician having acquainted me (which I take very kindly of him) that I am in Danger of leaving you all very shortly, I have determined to say a few Words to you at this our Parting, before my Distemper, which I find grows very fast upon me, puts it out of my Power.

  ‘But I shall waste my Strength too much.—I intended to speak concerning my Will, which tho’ I have settled long ago, I think proper to mention such Heads of it as concern any of you, that I may have the Comfort of perceiving you are all satisfied with the Provision I have there made for you.

  ‘Nephew Blifil, I leave you the Heir to my whole Estate, except only 500l. a Year which is to revert to you after the Death of your Mother, and except one other Estate of 500l. a Year, and the Sum of 6000l. which I have bestowed in the following Manner.

  ‘The Estate of 500l. a Year I have given to you Mr. Jones. And as I know the Inconvenience which attends the Want of ready Money, I have added 1000l. in Specie.7 In this I know not whether I have exceeded or fallen short of your Expectation. Perhaps you will think I have given you too little, and the World will be as ready to condemn me for giving you too much; but the latter Censure I despise, and as to the former, unless you should entertain that common Error, which I have often heard in my Life pleaded as an Excuse for a total Want of Charity; namely, that instead of raising Gratitude by voluntary Acts of Bounty, we are apt to raise Demands, which of all others are the most boundless and most difficult to satisfy.—Pardon me the bare Mention of this, I will not suspect any such Thing.’

  Jones flung himself at his Benefactor’s Feet, and taking eagerly hold of his Hand, assured him, his Goodness to him, both now, and all other Times, had so infinitely exceeded not only his Merit, but his Hopes, that no Words could express his Sense of it. ‘And I assure you, Sir,’ said he, ‘your present Generosity hath left me no other Concern than for the present melancholy Occasion—Oh, my Friend! my Father!’ Here his Words choaked him, and he turned away to hide a Tear which was starting from his Eyes.

  Allworthy then gently squeezed his Hand, and proceeded thus. ‘I am convinced, my Child, that you have much Goodness, Generosity, and Honour in your Temper; if you will add
Prudence and Religion to these, you must be happy: For the three former Qualities, I admit, make you worthy of Happiness, but they are the latter only which will put you in Possession of it.

  ‘One thousand Pound I have given to you, Mr. Thwackum; a Sum, I am convinced, which greatly exceeds your Desires, as well as your Wants. However, you will receive it as a Memorial of my Friendship; and whatever Superfluities may redound to you, that Piety which you so rigidly maintain, will instruct you how to dispose of them.

  ‘A like Sum, Mr. Square, I have bequeathed to you. This, I hope, will enable you to pursue your Profession with better Success than hitherto. I have often observed with Concern, that Distress is more apt to excite Contempt than Commiseration, especially among Men of Business, with whom Poverty is understood to indicate Want of Ability. But the little I have been able to leave you, will extricate you from those Difficulties with which you have formerly struggled; and then I doubt not but you will meet with sufficient Prosperity to supply what a Man of your philosophical Temper will require.

  ‘I find myself growing faint, so I shall refer you to my Will for my Disposition of the Residue. My Servants will there find some Tokens to remember me by; and there are a few Charities which, I trust, my Executors will see faithfully performed. Bless you all. I am setting out a little before you——’

  Here a Footman came hastily into the Room, and said there was an Attorney from Salisbury, who had a particular Message, which he said he must communicate to Mr. Allworthy himself: That he seemed in a violent Hurry, and protested he had so much Business to do, that if he could cut himself into four Quarters, all would not be sufficient.

  ‘Go, Child,’ said Allworthy to Blifil, ‘see what the Gentleman wants. I am not able to do any business now, nor can he have any with me, in which you are not at present more concerned than myself. Besides I really am—I am incapable of seeing any one at present, or of any longer Attention.’ He then saluted them all, saying, perhaps he should be able to see them again, but he should be now glad to compose himself a little, finding that he had too much exhausted his Spirits in Discourse.

  Some of the Company shed Tears at their Parting; and even the Philosopher Square wiped his Eyes, albeit unused to the melting Mood. As to Mrs. Wilkins, she dropt her Pearls as fast as the Arabian Trees their medicinal Gums;8 for this was a Ceremonial which that Gentlewoman never omitted on a proper Occasion.

  After this Mr. Allworthy again laid himself down on his Pillow, and endeavoured to compose himself to Rest.

  CHAPTER VIII.

  Containing Matter rather natural than pleasing.

  Besides Grief for her Master, there was another Source for that briny Stream which so plentifully rose above the two mountainous Cheek-Bones of the House-keeper. She was no sooner retired, than she began to mutter to herself in the following pleasant Strain. ‘Sure Master might have made some Difference, methinks, between me and the other Servants. I suppose he hath left me Mourning; but, i-fackins! if that be all, the Devil shall wear it for him for me. I’d have his Worship know I am no Beggar. I have saved five hundred Pound in his Service, and after all to be used in this Manner.—It is a fine Encouragement to Servants to be honest; and to be sure, if I have taken a little Something now and then, others have taken ten times as much; and now we are all put in a Lump together. If so be that it be so, the Legacy may go to the Devil with him that gave it. No, I won’t give it up neither, because that will please some Folks. No, I’ll buy the gayest Gown I can get, and dance over the old Curmudgeon’s Grave in it. This is my Reward for taking his Part so often, when all the Country have cried Shame of him, for breeding up his Bastard in that Manner: But he is going now where he must pay for all. It would have become him better to have repented of his Sins on his Death bed, than to glory in them, and give away his Estate out of his own Family to a misbegotten Child. Found in his Bed, forsooth! A pretty Story! Ay, ay, those that hide know where to find. Lord forgive him, I warrant he hath many more Bastards to answer for, if the Truth was known. One Comfort is, they will all be known where he is a going now. “The Servants will find some Token to remember me by.” Those were the very Words; I shall never forget them, if I was to live a thousand Years. Ay, ay, I shall remember you for huddling me among the Servants. One would have thought he might have mentioned my Name as well as that of Square; but he is a Gentleman forsooth, though he had not Clothes on his Back when he came hither first. Marry come up with such Gentlemen! though he hath lived here this many Years, I don’t believe there is arrow a Servant1 in the House ever saw the Colour of his Money. The Devil shall wait upon such a Gentleman for me.’ Much more of the like Kind she muttered to herself; but this Taste shall suffice to the Reader.

  Neither Thwackum nor Square were much better satisfied with their Legacies. Though they breathed not their Resentment so loud, yet from the Discontent which appeared in their Countenances, as well as from the following Dialogue, we collect that no great Pleasure reigned in their Minds.

  About an Hour after they had left the sick Room, Square met Thwackum in the Hall, and accosted him thus, ‘Well, Sir, have you heard any News of your Friend since we parted from him?’ ‘If you mean Mr. Allworthy,’ answered Thwackum, ‘I think you might rather give him the Appellation of your Friend: For he seems to me to have deserved that Title.’ ‘The Title is as good on your Side,’ replied Square, ‘for his Bounty, such as it is, hath been equal to both.’ ‘I should not have mentioned it first,’ cries Thwackum, ‘but since you begin, I must inform you I am of a different Opinion. There is a wide Distinction between voluntary Favours and Rewards. The Duty I have done in his Family, and the Care I have taken in the Education of his two Boys, are Services for which some Men might have expected a greater Return. I would not have you imagine I am therefore dissatisfied; For St. Paul hath taught me to be content with the little I have. Had the Modicum been less, I should have known my Duty. But though the Scripture obliges me to remain contented, it doth not enjoin me to shut my Eyes to my own Merit, nor restrain me from seeing, when I am injured by an unjust Comparison.’ ‘Since you provoke me,’ returned Square, ‘that Injury is done to me: Nor did I ever imagine Mr. Allworthy had held my Friendship so light, as to put me in Balance with one who received his Wages: I know to what it is owing; it proceeds from those narrow Principles which you have been so long endeavouring to infuse into him, in Contempt of every Thing which is great and noble. The Beauty and Loveliness of Friendship is too strong for dim Eyes, nor can it be perceived by any other Medium, than that unerring Rule of Right, which you have so often endeavoured to ridicule, that you have perverted your Friend’s Understanding.’ ‘I wish,’ cries Thwackum, in a Rage, ‘I wish for the Sake of his Soul, your damnable Doctrines have not perverted his Faith. It is to this I impute his present Behaviour so unbecoming a Christian. Who but an Atheist could think of leaving the World without having first made up his Account? Without confessing his Sins, and receiving that Absolution which he knew he had one in the House duly authorised to give him? He will feel the Want of these Necessaries when it is too late. When he is arrived at that Place where there is Wailing and Gnashing of Teeth; it is then he will find in what mighty Stead that Heathen Goddess, that Virtue, which you and all other Deists of the Age adore, will stand him. He will then summon his Priest when there is none to be found, and will lament the Want of that Absolution, without which no Sinner can be safe.’ ‘If it be so material,’ says Square, ‘Why don’t you present it him of your own Accord?’ ‘It hath no Virtue,’ cries Thwackum, ‘but to those who have sufficient Grace to require it. But why do I talk thus to a Heathen and an Unbeliever? It is you that taught him this Lesson, for which you have been well rewarded in this World, as I doubt not your Disciple will soon be in the other.’ ‘I know not what you mean by Reward,’ said Square, ‘but if you hint at that pitiful Memorial of our Friendship, which he hath thought fit to bequeath me, I despise it; and nothing but the unfortunate Situation of my Circumstances should prevail on me to accept it.’
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  The Physician now arrived, and began to enquire of the two Disputants, How we all did above Stairs? ‘In a miserable Way,’ answered Thwackum. ‘It is no more than I expected,’ cries the Doctor: ‘But pray what Symptoms have appeared since I left you?’ ‘No good ones, I am afraid,’ replied Thwackum, ‘after what past at our Departure, I think there were little Hopes.’ The bodily Physician, perhaps, misunderstood the Curer of Souls, and before they came to an Explanation, Mr. Blifil came to them with a most melancholy Countenance, and acquainted them, that he brought sad News: For that his Mother was dead at Salisbury. That she had been seized on the Road home with the Gout in her Head and Stomach, which had carried her off in a few Hours. ‘Good-lack-a-day,’ says the Doctor, ‘One cannot answer for Events; but I wish I had been at Hand to have been called in. The Gout is a Distemper which it is difficult to treat; yet I have been remarkably successful in it.’ Thwackum and Square both condoled with Mr. Blifil for the Loss of his Mother, which the one advised him to bear like a Man, and the other like a Christian. The young Gentleman said, He knew very well we were all mortal, and he would endeavour to submit to his Loss as well as he could. That he could not, however, help complaining a little against the peculiar Severity of his Fate, which brought the News of so great a Calamity to him by Surprize, and that at a Time when he hourly expected the severest Blow he was capable of feeling from the Malice of Fortune. He said, the present Occasion would put to the Test those excellent Rudiments which he had learnt from Mr. Thwackum and Mr. Square, and it would be entirely owing to them, if he was enabled to survive such Misfortunes.