The History of Tom Jones (Penguin Classics)

by Henry Fielding

  The Squire, tho’ perhaps he had never read Machiavel, was, however, in many Points, a perfect Politician. He strongly held all those wise Tenets, which are so well inculcated in that Politico-Peripatetic School of Exchange-Alley.5 He knew the just Value and only Use of Money, viz. to lay it up. He was likewise well skilled in the exact Value of Reversions, Expectations, & c. and had often considered the Amount of his Sister’s Fortune, and the Chance which he or his Posterity had of inheriting it. This he was infinitely too wise to sacrifice to a trifling Resentment. When he found, therefore, he had carried Matters too far, he began to think of reconciling them; which was no very difficult Task, as the Lady had great Affection for her Brother, and still greater for her Niece; and tho’ too susceptible of an Affront offered to her Skill in Politics, on which she much valued herself, was a Woman of a very extraordinary good and sweet Disposition.

  Having first, therefore, laid violent Hands on the Horses, for whose Escape from the Stable no Place but the Window was left open; he next applied himself to his Sister, softened and soothed her, by unsaying all he had said, and by Assertions directly contrary to those which had incensed her. Lastly, he summoned the Eloquence of Sophia to his Assistance, who, besides a most graceful and winning Address, had the Advantage of being heard with great Favour and Partiality by her Aunt.

  The Result of the Whole was a kind Smile from Mrs. Western, who said, ‘Brother, you are absolutely a perfect Croat; but as those have their Use in the Army of the Empress Queen,6 so you likewise have some Good in you. I will therefore once more sign a Treaty of Peace with you, and see that you do not infringe it on your Side; at least, as you are so excellent a Politician, I may expect you will keep your Leagues, like the French, till your Interest calls upon you to break them.’7

  CHAPTER III.

  Containing two Defiances to the Critics.

  The Squire having settled Matters with his Sister, as we have seen in the last Chapter, was so greatly impatient to communicate the Proposal to Allworthy, that Mrs. Western had the utmost Difficulty to prevent him from visiting that Gentleman in his Sickness, for this Purpose.

  Mr. Allworthy had been engaged to dine with Mr. Western at the Time when he was taken ill. He was, therefore, no sooner discharged out of the Custody of Physic, but he thought (as was usual with him on all Occasions, both the highest and the lowest) of fulfilling his Engagement.

  In the Interval between the Time of the Dialogue in the last Chapter, and this Day of public Entertainment, Sophia had, from certain obscure Hints thrown out by her Aunt, collected some Apprehension that the sagacious Lady suspected her Passion for Jones. She now resolved to take this Opportunity of wiping out all such Suspicion, and for that Purpose to put an entire Constraint on her Behaviour.

  First she endeavoured to conceal a throbbing melancholy Heart with the utmost Sprightliness in her Countenance, and the highest Gaiety in her Manner. Secondly, she addressed her whole Discourse to Mr. Blifil, and took not the least Notice of poor Jones the whole Day.

  The Squire was so delighted with this Conduct of his Daughter, that he scarce eat any Dinner, and spent almost his whole Time in watching Opportunities of conveying Signs of his Approbation by Winks and Nods to his Sister; who was not at first altogether so pleased with what she saw as was her Brother.

  In short, Sophia so greatly overacted her Part, that her Aunt was at first staggered, and began to suspect some Affectation in her Niece; but as she was herself a Woman of great Art, so she soon attributed this to extreme Art in Sophia. She remembered the many Hints she had given her Niece concerning her being in Love, and imagined the young Lady had taken this Way to rally her out of her Opinion, by an overacted Civility; a Notion that was greatly corroborated by the excessive Gaiety with which the whole was accompanied. We cannot here avoid remarking that this Conjecture would have been better founded, had Sophia lived ten Years in the Air of Grosvenor-square, where young Ladies do learn a wonderful Knack of rallying and playing with that Passion, which is a mighty serious Thing in Woods and Groves an hundred Miles distant from London.

  To say the Truth, in discovering the Deceit of others, it matters much that our own Art be wound up, if I may use the Expression, in the same Key with theirs: For very artful Men sometimes miscarry by fancying others wiser, or in other Words, greater Knaves than they really are. As this Observation is pretty deep, I will illustrate it by the following short Story. Three Countrymen were pursuing a Wiltshire Thief through Brentford. The simplest of them seeing the Wiltshire House written under a Sign, advised his Companions to enter it, for there most probably they would find their Countryman. The second, who was wiser, laughed at this Simplicity; but the third, who was wiser still, answered, ‘Let us go in, however, for he may think we should not suspect him of going amongst his own Countrymen.’ They accordingly went in and searched the House, and by that Means missed overtaking the Thief, who was, at that Time, but a little Way before them; and who, as they all knew, but had never once reflected, could not read.

  The Reader will pardon a Digression in which so invaluable a Secret is communicated, since every Gamester will agree how necessary it is to know exactly the Play of another, in order to countermine him. This will, moreover, afford a Reason why the wiser Man, as is often seen, is the Bubble of the weaker, and why many simple and innocent Characters are so generally misunderstood and misrepresented; but what is most material, this will account for the Deceit which Sophia put on her politic Aunt.

  Dinner being ended, and the Company retired into the Garden, Mr. Western, who was thoroughly convinced of the Certainty of what his Sister had told him, took Mr. Allworthy aside, and very bluntly proposed a Match between Sophia and young Mr. Blifil.

  Mr. Allworthy was not one of those Men, whose Hearts flutter at any unexpected and sudden Tidings of worldly Profit. His Mind was, indeed, tempered with that Philosophy which becomes a Man and a Christian. He affected no absolute Superiority to all Pleasure and Pain, to all Joy and Grief; but was not at the same time to be discomposed and ruffled by every accidental Blast; by every Smile or Frown of Fortune. He received, therefore, Mr. Western’s Proposal without any visible Emotion, or without any Alteration of Countenance. He said, the Alliance was such as he sincerely wished, then launched forth into a very just Encomium on the young Lady’s Merit; acknowledged the Offer to be advantageous in Point of Fortune; and after thanking Mr. Western for the good Opinion he had profess’d of his Nephew, concluded, that if the young People liked each other, he should be very desirous to complete the Affair.

  Western was a little disappointed at Mr. Allworthy’s Answer; which was not so warm as he expected. He treated the Doubt whether the young People might like one another with great Contempt; saying, ‘That Parents were the best Judges of proper Matches for their Children; that, for his Part, he should insist on the most resigned Obedience from his Daughter; and if any young Fellow could refuse such a Bedfellow, he was his humble Servant, and hoped there was no Harm done.’

  Allworthy endeavoured to soften this Resentment by many Elogiums on Sophia; declaring, he had no Doubt but that Mr. Blifil would very gladly receive the Offer; but all was ineffectual, he could obtain no other Answer from the Squire but—‘I say no more—I humbly hope there’s no Harm done—that’s all.’ Which Words he repeated at least a hundred Times before they parted.

  Allworthy was too well acquainted with his Neighbour to be offended at this Behaviour; and tho’ he was so averse to the Rigour which some Parents exercise on their Children in the Article of Marriage, that he had resolved never to force his Nephew’s Inclinations, he was nevertheless much pleased with the Prospect of this Union: For the whole Country resounded the Praises of Sophia, and he had himself greatly admired the uncommon Endowments of both her Mind and Person. To which, I believe we may add, the Consideration of her vast Fortune, which, tho’ he was too sober to be intoxicated with it, he was too sensible to despise.

  And here, in Defiance of all the barking Critics in the World, I must
and will introduce a Digression concerning true Wisdom, of which Mr. Allworthy was in Reality as great a Pattern as he was of Goodness.

  True Wisdom then, notwithstanding all which Mr. Hogarth’s poor Poet may have writ against Riches,1 and in Spite of all which any rich, well-fed Divine may have preached against Pleasure, consists not in the Contempt of either of these. A Man may have as much Wisdom in the Possession of an affluent Fortune, as any Beggar in the Streets; or may enjoy a handsome Wife or a hearty Friend, and still remain as wise as any sour Popish Recluse, who buries all his social Faculties, and starves his Belly while he well lashes his Back.

  To say Truth, the wisest Man is the likeliest to possess all worldly Blessings in an eminent Degree: For as that Moderation which Wisdom prescribes is the surest Way to useful Wealth; so can it alone qualify us to taste many Pleasures. The wise Man gratifies every Appetite and every Passion, while the Fool sacrifices all the rest to pall and satiate one.

  It may be objected, That very wise Men have been notoriously avaricious. I answer, Not wise in that Instance. It may likewise be said, That the wisest Men have been, in their Youth, immoderately fond of Pleasure. I answer, They were not wise then.

  Wisdom, in short, whose Lessons have been represented as so hard to learn by those who never were at her School, only teaches us to extend a simple Maxim universally known and followed even in the lowest Life, a little farther than that Life carries it. And this is not to buy at too dear a Price.

  Now, whoever takes this Maxim abroad with him into the grand Market of the World, and constantly applies it to Honours, to Riches, to Pleasures, and to every other Commodity which that Market affords, is, I will venture to affirm, a wise Man; and must be so acknowledged in the worldly Sense of the Word: For he makes the best of Bargains; since in Reality he purchases every Thing at the Price only of a little Trouble, and carries home all the good Things I have mentioned, while he keeps his Health, his Innocence, and his Reputation, the common Prices which are paid for them by others, entire and to himself.

  From this Moderation, likewise, he learns two other Lessons, which complete his Character. First, never to be intoxicated when he hath made the best Bargain, nor dejected when the Market is empty, or when its Commodities are too dear for his Purchase.

  But I must remember on what Subject I am writing, and not trespass too far on the Patience of a good-natured Critic. Here therefore I put an End to the Chapter.

  CHAPTER IV.

  Containing sundry curious Matters.

  As soon as Mr. Allworthy returned home, he took Mr. Blifil apart, and after some Preface, communicated to him the Proposal which had been made by Mr. Western, and, at the same Time, informed him how agreeable this Match would be to himself.

  The Charms of Sophia had not made the least Impression on Blifil; not that his Heart was pre-engaged; neither was he totally insensible of Beauty, or had any Aversion to Women; but his Appetites were, by Nature, so moderate, that he was able, by Philosophy or by Study, or by some other Method, easily to subdue them; and as to that Passion which we have treated of in the first Chapter of this Book, he had not the least Tincture of it in his whole Composition.

  But tho’ he was so entirely free from that mixed Passion, of which we there treated, and of which the Virtues and Beauty of Sophia formed so notable an Object; yet was he altogether as well furnished with some other Passions, that promised themselves very full Gratification in the young Lady’s Fortune. Such were Avarice and Ambition, which divided the Dominion of his Mind between them. He had more than once considered the Possession of this Fortune as a very desirable Thing, and had entertained some distant Views concerning it: But his own Youth and that of the young Lady, and indeed principally a Reflection that Mr. Western might marry again, and have more Children, had restrained him from too hasty or eager a Pursuit.

  This last and most material Objection was now in great Measure removed, as the Proposal came from Mr. Western himself. Blifil, therefore, after a very short Hesitation, answered Mr. Allworthy, that Matrimony was a Subject on which he had not yet thought: But that he was so sensible of his friendly and fatherly Care, that he should in all Things submit himself to his Pleasure.

  Allworthy was naturally a Man of Spirit, and his present Gravity arose from true Wisdom and Philosophy, not from any original Phlegm in his Disposition: For he had possessed much Fire in his Youth, and had married a beautiful Woman for Love. He was not, therefore, greatly pleased with this cold Answer of his Nephew; nor could he help launching forth into the Praises of Sophia, and expressing some Wonder that the Heart of a young Man could be impregnable to the Force of such Charms, unless it was guarded by some prior Affection.

  Blifil assured him he had no such Guard; and then proceeded to discourse so wisely and religiously on Love and Marriage, that he would have stopt the Mouth of a Parent much less devoutly inclined than was his Uncle. In the End, the good Man was satisfied, that his Nephew, far from having any Objections to Sophia, had that Esteem for her, which in sober and virtuous Minds is the sure Foundation of Friendship and Love. And as he doubted not but the Lover would, in a little Time, become altogether as agreeable to his Mistress, he foresaw great Happiness arising to all Parties by so proper and desirable an Union. With Mr. Blifil’s Consent, therefore, he wrote the next Morning to Mr. Western, acquainting him that his Nephew had very thankfully and gladly received the Proposal, and would be ready to wait on the young Lady, whenever she should be pleased to accept his Visit.

  Western was much pleased with this Letter, and immediately returned an Answer; in which, without having mentioned a Word to his Daughter, he appointed that very Afternoon for opening the Scene of Courtship.

  As soon as he had dispatched this Messenger, he went in Quest of his Sister, whom he found reading and expounding the Gazette1 to Parson Supple. To this Exposition he was obliged to attend near a Quarter of an Hour, tho’ with great Violence to his natural Impetuosity, before he was suffered to speak. At length, however, he found an Opportunity of acquainting the Lady, that he had Business of great Consequence to impart to her; to which she answered, ‘Brother, I am entirely at your Service. Things look so well in the North2 that I was never in a better Humour.’

  The Parson then withdrawing, Western acquainted her with all which had passed, and desired her to communicate the Affair to Sophia, which she readily and chearfully undertook; tho’ perhaps her Brother was a little obliged to that agreeable Northern Aspect which had so delighted her, that he heard no Comment on his Proceedings: for they were certainly somewhat too hasty and violent.

  CHAPTER V.

  In which is related what passed between Sophia and her Aunt.

  Sophia was in her Chamber reading, when her Aunt came in. The Moment she saw Mrs. Western, she shut the Book with so much Eagerness, that the good Lady could not forbear asking her, What Book that was which she seemed so much afraid of shewing? ‘Upon my Word, Madam,’ answered Sophia, ‘it is a Book which I am neither ashamed nor afraid to own I have read. It is the production of a young Lady of Fashion,1 whose good Understanding, I think, doth Honour to her Sex and whose good Heart is an Honour to Human Nature.’ Mrs. Western then took up the Book, and immediately after threw it down saying—‘Yes, the Author is of a very good Family; but she is not much among People one knows. I have never read it; for the best Judges say, there is not much in it.’ ‘I dare not, Madam, set up my own Opinion,’ says Sophia, ‘against the best Judges, but there appears to me a great deal of human Nature in it; and in many Parts, so much true Tenderness and Delicacy, that it hath cost me many a Tear.’ ‘Ay, and do you love to cry then?’ says the Aunt. ‘I love a tender Sensation,’ answered the Niece, ‘and would pay the Price of a Tear for it at any Time.’ ‘Well, but shew me,’ said the Aunt, ‘what was you reading when I came in; there was something very tender in that, I believe, and very loving too. You blush, my dear Sophia. Ah! Child, you should read Books, which would teach you a little Hypocrisy, which would instruct you how to hide your Thoug
hts a little better.’ ‘I hope, Madam,’ answered Sophia, ‘I have no Thoughts which I ought to be ashamed of discovering.’ ‘Ashamed! no,’ cries the Aunt, ‘I don’t think you have any Thoughts which you ought to be ashamed of; and yet, Child, you blushed just now when I mentioned the Word Loving. Dear Sophy, be assured you have not one Thought which I am not well acquainted with; as well, Child, as the French are with our Motions, long before we put them in Execution. Did you think, Child, because you have been able to impose upon your Father, that you could impose upon me? Do you imagine I did not know the Reason of your over-acting all that Friendship for Mr. Blifil yesterday? I have seen a little too much of the World, to be so deceived. Nay, nay, do not blush again. I tell you it is a Passion you need not be ashamed of.—It is a Passion I myself approve, and have already brought your Father into the Approbation of it. Indeed, I solely consider your Inclination; for I would always have that gratified, if possible, though one may sacrifice higher Prospects. Come, I have News which will delight your very Soul. Make me your Confident, and I will undertake you shall be happy to the very Extent of your Wishes.’ ‘La, Madam,’ says Sophia, looking more foolishly than ever she did in her Life, ‘I know not what to say—Why, Madam, should you suspect?’—‘Nay, no Dishonesty,’ returned Mrs. Western. ‘Consider, you are speaking to one of your own Sex, to an Aunt, and I hope you are convinced you speak to a Friend. Consider, you are only revealing to me what I know already, and what I plainly saw yesterday through that most artful of all Disguises, which you had put on, and which must have deceived any one who had not perfectly known the World. Lastly, consider it is a Passion which I highly approve.’ ‘La, Madam,’ says Sophia, ‘you come upon one so unawares, and on a sudden. To be sure, Madam, I am not blind—and certainly, if it be a Fault to see all human Perfections assembled together—But is it possible my Father and you, Madam, can see with my Eyes?’ ‘I tell you,’ answered the Aunt, ‘we do entirely approve; and this very afternoon your Father hath appointed for you to receive your Lover.’ ‘My Father, this Afternoon!’ cries Sophia, with the Blood starting from her Face.— ‘Yes, Child,’ said the Aunt, ‘this Afternoon. You know the Impetuosity of my Brother’s Temper. I acquainted him with the Passion which I first discovered in you that Evening when you fainted away in the Field. I saw it in your Fainting. I saw it immediately upon your Recovery. I saw it that Evening at Supper, and the next Morning at Breakfast: (you know, Child, I have seen the World). Well, I no sooner acquainted my Brother, but he immediately wanted to propose it to Allworthy. He proposed it Yesterday, Allworthy consented, (as to be sure he must with Joy) and this Afternoon, I tell you, you are to put on all your best Airs.’ ‘This Afternoon!’ cries Sophia. ‘Dear Aunt, you frighten me out of my Senses.’ ‘O, my Dear,’ said the Aunt, ‘you will soon come to yourself again; for he is a charming young Fellow, that’s the Truth on’t.’ ‘Nay, I will own,’ says Sophia, ‘I know none with such Perfections. So brave, and yet so gentle; so witty, yet so inoffensive; so humane, so civil, so genteel, so handsome! What signifies his being base born, when compared with such Qualifications as these?’ ‘Base born! what do you mean?’ said the Aunt, ‘Mr. Blifil base born!’ Sophia turned instantly pale at this Name, and faintly repeated it. Upon which the Aunt cried, ‘Mr. Blifil, ay Mr. Blifil, of whom else have we been talking?’ ‘Good Heavens,’ answered Sophia, ready to sink, ‘of Mr. Jones, I thought; I am sure I know no other who deserves—’ ‘I protest,’ cries the Aunt, ‘you frighten me in your Turn. Is it Mr. Jones, and not Mr. Blifil, who is the Object of your Affection?’ ‘Mr. Blifil!’ repeated Sophia. ‘Sure it is impossible you can be in earnest; if you are, I am the most miserable Woman alive.’ Mrs. Western now stood a few Moments silent, while Sparks of fiery Rage flashed from her Eyes. At length, collecting all her Force of Voice, she thundered forth in the following articulate Sounds: