Prokhorovka, Battle of 361, 363, 364
propaganda 8, 258
Prussia 17, 59–61, 113–15, 171–5, 234–7, 287–90, 321, 341, 342, 343, 346
psychology, of battle 17, 18–19, 24, 264, 265
Ptolemy XIII, Pharaoh 89
Ptolemy XIV, Pharaoh 89
Punic War, Second 33–5, 324–8
Q
Quatre Bras, Battle of 342
Quirini, Marcantonio 153
Qutuz, Sultan 144–5
R
Rabin, Yitzhak 257
radar 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 202, 257
radio interception 356, 359
radio silence 254, 257
Radomir, Gavril 218
Raeder, Adm. Erich 355
Rai Durlabh 111
Ramses II, Pharaoh 206, 207, 322–4
Rawlinson, Gen. Henry 305, 306
Raynal, Maj. Sylvain 304
Red Cross 18, 168, 170
Rehnsköld, FM Carl Gustav 166
reinforcements 320, 321, 339, 340, 346, 354, 355, 362, 364
religion
and courage 264
and warfare 16–17, 20–1
Remarque, Erich Maria 21
Rennenkampf, Gen. Paul von 321, 346–8
Reno, Maj. Marcus 244, 245, 246
resources, quest for 16
Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) 25
Rhodes, Cecil 175–6
Richard I the Lionheart, King of England 21, 279–82
Richthofen, General Wolfram von 80
rifles, Prussian needle-gun 171, 172, 174–5
Rigny, Adm. Henri de 291–2
Ritucci, Mshl. Giosuè 73
River Garonne, Battle of the 273
River Salado, Battle of the 99–103
Robert I, King of Scotland 50–3
Rochambeau, Lt. Gen. Comte de 240, 241, 242, 243
Rodriguez, Roberto (‘El Vaquerito’) 131, 132
Rojas, Cornelio 132
Rokossovsky, Mshl. Konstantin 255
Roland 25, 214, 215, 216
Roman Civil War 35–9, 89
Romanos IV Diogenes, Byzantine Emperor 220–4
Romans 14, 25, 28, 33–42, 84, 89–91, 136, 140–3, 207, 211–14, 269–71, 277, 324–31
Rome, sack of 329, 330
Rommel, FM Erwin 202, 247–9, 252, 321
Roncesvalles, Battle of 25, 214–16
Roos, Gen. Carl Gustav 166
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 194, 198
Roosevelt, Gen. Theodore Jr. 252
Rorke’s Drift 85, 116–20, 320
Rotmistrov, Gen. Pavel 361, 363
Royal Air Force (RAF) 190–2, 197
Royal Navy 195–7, 240, 292, 355–8, 367–9
Rozhestvensky, Adm. Zinovy 178–81
Rupert of the Rhine, Prince 162, 163–4
Russia 65–9, 75–9, 164–8, 178–81, 224–6, 264, 282–90, 346–9
see also Soviet Union
Russian Civil War 75, 352–6
Russian Revolution 181, 353
Russo-Japanese War 178–81
S
Sabelli, Giovanni 181
Saigon, Battle of 261
Saladin (Salah-ad-Din) 279–82
Salamis, Battle of 20, 87, 88–9, 107
Saljuk Turks 220–4
Samsonov, Gen. Alexander 321, 346–8
Samuel, Tsar of Bulgaria 216–19
San Martín, Gen. José de 70–2
Santa Clara, Battle of 131–3
Santa Cruz, Marquis of 154
Saphrax 329, 330, 331
Sardinia-Piedmont 168–71
Sassoon, Siegfried 308
Savoy, Eugene, Prince of 231, 232, 233–4
Saxony 159–61, 236, 237, 276–9, 287
Saxony, Johann Georg, Elector of 159–60
Schedel, Hartmann 269
Schlick, FM Count Franz von 169
Schlieffen, Gen. Alfred von 349
Schliemann, Heinrich 208
Schwarzenburg, Prince Charles zu 288–9
Schwarzkopf, Gen. Norman 201–3
Scipio, Publius (‘Africanus’) 324–8
Scirocco, Adm. Mehmet 152
Scotland 50–3
Sebastianus 331
Sechnaill, Máel 94, 95
Second World War 16, 17, 18, 21–2, 25, 79–81, 128–30, 187–201, 247–55, 308–17, 320, 353, 355–64
Sekigahara, Battle of 318–19, 335–7
self-deception 256, 258
Selim II, Sultan 151
Senger und Etterlin, Gen. Fridolin
von 315
Serbia 108–10, 181
Seven Years War 113–15, 237–40, 321
Shakespeare, William 104, 105
Shangani, Battle of 175–7
Sharon, Ariel 258
shells 178, 179, 180, 306
Short, Lt. Gen. Walter 194
Shtemenko, Gen. Sergei 253
Sicily, Allied invasion of 361, 362, 363
Sickles, Maj. Gen. Dan 298
Sidonius, Apollinaris 273
Sigtrygg, King of Dublin 94, 96
Sikorski, Gen. Władislaw 78
Silesian Wars 17, 113–15, 234–7
Singapore, Fall of 128–30
Siraj-ud-daula, Nawab of Bengal 110, 111–12
Sirtori, Giuseppe 74
Sitting Bull, Chief 243–6
Six Day War 256–9
Skippon, Maj. Gen. Philip 162
slave revolt 211–14
slaves 17, 272, 293
snipers 313
Solferino-San Martino, Battle of 168–71
Somalia 85
Somme, Battle of the 25, 127, 304
First Day 305–8
Soult, Mshl. Jean-de-Dieu 69
Soviet Union 79–81, 200, 207, 226, 253–5, 256, 257, 311–14, 315, 320, 321, 353, 361–4
see also Russia
Spain 62–5, 70–2, 99–103, 150–8, 214–16, 226–9, 272
Spanish Armada 24, 136, 151
Spanish Succession, War of the 230–4
Sparta 86–8, 138–40, 278
Spartacus 28, 207, 211, 212, 214
spies 235, 241, 251
Spruance, RAdm. Raymond 359, 360
Stalin, Joseph 78, 79, 207, 253, 311, 312, 313, 352–5
Stalingrad, Battle of 8, 305, 311–14, 320, 321, 354, 361
Stamford Bridge, Battle of 44, 46
Stanhope, Col. 346
Starhemberg, Count Ernst Rüdiger von 57
Stepanovic, FM Stepa 182
Stimson, Henry 201
Stralsund, Battle of 159
strategy 12–13, 136, 206, 207, 234, 235, 278
street fighting 312–13
Stuart, Maj. Gen. James ‘Jeb’ 298
submarines 195–7, 264, 355, 358
Suchet, Gen. Louis 338, 339
Sudan 16, 85, 124–7
Suleiman I (the Magnificent), Sultan 53–6
Sulik, Maj. Gen. 317
surprise 15, 207, 228–9, 230–1, 232, 234, 235–6, 237, 239, 242, 247, 254–5, 256, 257–8, 259, 260, 322
Sveinn Tjüguskegg (‘Forkbeard’), King of Denmark 94
Sweden 158–61, 164–8, 225
Syphax, King of Numidia 324
Syria 256, 258–9
Sytin, Gen. Pavel 354
Szilágyi, Mihály 108, 109
T
Tacna, Battle of 299–301
tactics 8, 13, 136, 137, 159–61, 185, 234
Tahir Pasha 292
Tairdelbach 96
Tallard, Camille d’Huston, Duke de 231, 232, 233
tanks 134–5, 184–6, 187, 248, 249, 254–5, 362–3
Tannenberg, Battle of 321, 346–9
Tarakchiev, Lt. Prodan 181
Tarchaniotes, Joseph 221
taxis 349, 350–1
technical innovation 8, 13, 85, 136
telegraphy, wireless 178, 180
Temüjin see Genghis Khan
Tenochtitlán, Fall of 226–9
&nb
sp; territory 16, 17
terrorism 85, 136
Terry, Brig. Gen. Alfred 244
Tet Offensive 259–61
Teutonic Knights 224–6, 349
Thatcher, Margaret 367
Thebes 138–40
Themistocles 20, 86, 88, 89
Theodoric, King of the Visigoths 270, 271
thermal imaging 202
Thermopylae, Battle of 86–8
Thersippos 266
Third Crusade 279–82
Thirty Years War 75, 158–61
Thiudimer 269
Thompson, Brig. Julian 367–8
Thorismund 270
Thucydides 88
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes von 159–60, 161
Tobruk, Siege of 247
Togo Heihachiro, Adm. 179, 180
Tojo, Gen. Hideki 193
Tokugawa clan 319, 335–7
Tokugawa, Hidetada 337
Tokugawa, Ieyasu 335–7
Tömöri, Pál, Archbishop of Kalosca 54, 55
topography, exploitation of 207, 219, 237, 238–9, 240, 245, 246, 255
Torgau, Battle of 321
torpedo-bombers 192, 193, 356–7, 360
Tostig Godwinson 44
Toyomoto clan 335–7
Toyotomi, Hideyori, 335
Toyotomi, Hideyoshi 335
Trafalgar, Battle of 15, 26–7, 62–5, 136, 237
Traianus 331
training 159, 160
trench warfare 306–7
Trojan horse 208, 209, 210
Trojan War 208–10
Trotsky, Leon 76, 354, 355
Troy, Fall of 206, 207, 208–10
Truman, Harry S. 198
truth of war 12, 17
Tsaritsyn, Defence of 352–5
Tsushima, Battle of 178–81
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail 76–8
tunnels 259–60, 334
Turkey 208–10, 220–4
see also Ottomans
Türr, Istvan 73
U
U-boats 195–7, 355
Ubba Ragnarsson 92
Ulrich, Bishop of Augsburg 277, 279
Ultra intelligence 195, 247, 356
Ulundi, Battle of 116
Umayyad Empire 276
United States 85, 192–4, 198–203, 240–6, 249–52, 256, 257, 259–61, 262–3, 264, 293–9, 308–11, 314, 358–60, 366
Urgench, Siege of 50
Uxbridge, Lord 343
V
Valamar 269
Valens, Emperor 328–31
Valentinian, Emperor 271
Valmy, Battle of 59–61
Vandegrift, Maj. Gen. Alexander 308–9
Varinus, Publius 212
Varro, Gaius Terentius 33
Vasilevski, Mshl. Alexander 253, 254, 313
Venice 151, 153
Verdun, Battle of 302–5, 308
Vergara, José 300
Versailles, Treaty of 187
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia 72–3, 75, 168
victory 22, 24–5
Vidimer 269
Vienna, Battle of 57–9
Vietnam War
First 264, 364–6
Second 85, 259–61, 366
Vikings 42, 43, 44, 84, 91–6
Villeneuve, VAdm. Pierre 62–4
Visigoths 270, 271
Volturno, Battle of 25, 72–5
Voroshilov, Kliment 353, 354, 355
W
Wanyen Fuxing 49
war on terror 85
warfare
changing nature of 25
history of 8–25
Warsaw, Battle of 75–9
Washington, George 60, 206, 240–3
Waterloo, Battle of 23, 321, 341–6
Watson, VAdm. Charles 111, 113
weapons of mass destruction 200–1
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of 23, 321, 341–6
Western Desert Campaign 247–9
Westmoreland, Gen. William 260
Weyrother, Gen. Franz von 68
Wharton, William 18, 21, 22
William the Conqueror 29, 42–7
Wimpffen, FM Franz von 169
Wolfe, Maj. Gen. James 207, 237–40
women 19–20, 164
X
Xenophon 139
Xerxes I the Great, King of Persia 86–9
Xiphias, Nicephorus 217
Xuanzong, Emperor 49, 50
Y
Yamamoto, Adm. Isoruku 181, 193, 194, 358
Yamashita, Gen. Tomoyuki 128–30
Yellow Nose 245
Yeremenko, General Andrei 312
Yorktown, Siege of 206, 240–3
Yusuf I of Granada 102, 103
Z
Zach, Gen. Anton von 338, 339
Zama, Battle of 324–8
Zela, Battle of 89–91
Zeus 20, 31
Zhloba, Dmitrii 352, 354
Zhongdu, Battle of 47–50
Zhukov, Mshl. Georgy 253, 254, 313, 361–2
Ziethen, Gen. Hans Joachim 115
Zlatarov, Major Vasil 181
Zulu Wars 85, 116–20, 320
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In writing the accounts of 100 battles, I have been indebted to the rich literature available on warfare. I am also indebted to the following for advice when I needed it: Claudia Baldoli, Simon Barton, Stacey Hynd, Matt Rendle, Laura Rowe, Nick Terry and Martin Thomas. My thanks too to the editors at HarperCollins and in particular to Martin Redfern.
Picture credits
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce images:
5 The Bridgeman Art Library; 9 Hibernian/CC; 10–11 Robert Harding World Imagery/Alamy; 15 Musee de la Marine, Paris, France/J.P. Zenobel/The Bridgeman Art Library; 18 Ancient Art 6 Architecture Collection Ltd/Alamy; 22–23 State Central Military Museum, Moscow, Russia/The Bridgeman Art Library; 26–27 Ann Ronan Picture Library/Heritage Images/Getty; 29 The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images; 30 Maciej Szczepanczyk; 34 Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy; 36–37 V&A Images/Alamy; 40 Google Cultural Institute; 43 Kamira/Shutterstock; 44–45 jorisvo/Shutterstock; 48 Sayf al-Vâhidí; 51 duncan1890/iStock; 55 The Art Archive/Alamy; 56 Neoneo 13; 58 Georgious Kollidas/Shutterstock; 60 Chriusha; 61 Image Asset Management Ltd/Alamy; 63 Darrenp/Shutterstock; 66–67 Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy; 68 Georgious Kollidas/Shutterstock; 71 DEA/M. Seemuller/Getty Images; 73 Prisma Archivo/Alamy; 76 Bibliotheque Polonaise, Paris, France/Bonora/The Bridgeman Art Library; 79 U.S. National Archives; 81 DPA Picture Alliance/Alamy; 82–83 A. Davey; 84 Sovfoto/Universal Images Group/Getty; 87 Peter Horree/Alamy; 90 View Apart/Shutterstock; 94 Marshall Henrie; 95 Classic Image/Alamy; 97 Montecappio; 98 De Agostini/Getty Images; 100–01 UIG via Getty Images; 105 Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy; 106 The Art Archive/Alamy; 109 Csanády; 111 Georgious Kollidas/Dreamstime; 112 Wuselig; 114 Hein Nouwens/Shutterstock; 118–19 GL Archive/Alamy; 123 A. Davey; 126–27 Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy; 129 Hulton/Getty; 130 Paul Popper/Popperfoto/Getty; 132 The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty; 133 Pictorial Parade/Archive Photos/Getty; 134–35 Underwood Archives/Archive Photos/Getty; 137 Library of Congress; 138 akg-images; 141 akg-images; 142 Florilegius/Alamy; 145 Universal Images Group/Getty; 148–49 Everett Collection Historical/Alamy; 151 Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy; 152 Ancient Art & Architecture Collection Ltd/Alamy; 155 Georgios Kollidas/Dreamstime; 156–57 National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy; 159 DHM/The Bridgeman Art Library; 160 akg-images; 163 GeorgiosArt/iStock; 165 Martin, Pierre-Denis/Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library; 169 Andreas Praefcke; 170 ICRC; 172 Mary Evans Picture Library/Alamy; 176 Classic Image/Alamy; 179 De Agostini/Getty Images; 182 Ognyan Stefanov; 185 German Federal Archive; 186 Bettmann/CORBIS; 189 German Federal Archive; 190 IWM/Getty Images; 191 Keith Tarrier/Shutterstock; 193 U.S. Navy; 196 U.S. Navy; 199 U.S. Army; 200 U.S. Navy; 203 U.S. Air Force; 204–05 U.S. Coast Guard; 206 Andrew Holt/Alamy; 209 Ralf Hettler/Getty; 210 Bibi Saint-Pol; 212 D.Bond/Shutterstock; 213 Bettmann/COR
BIS; 215 The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty; 218–19 Alexandar R.; 222–23 Westend61 GmbH/Alamy; 225 RIA Novosti/Alamy; 227 The Gallery Collection/Corbis; 228 The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty; 231 Georgios Kollidas/Shutterstock; 232 De Agostini/Getty Images; 235 Bettmann/CORBIS; 236 Archive Photos/Getty; 239 The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty; 241 spirit of america/Shutterstock; 242 PHGCOM; 245 Library of Congress; 246 Bettmann/Corbis; 249 David Cole/Alamy; 251 SSPL/Getty; 252 U.S. Army; 255 Universal Images Group/Getty; 257 Hulton Archive/Getty; 258 Hulton Archive/Getty; 261 AFP/Getty; 262–63 Library of Congress; 265 Michael Nicholson/Corbis; 267 The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty; 268 Marie-Lan Nguyen; 269 Beloit College; 270 Juan Francisco Jiménez Martín/Alamy; 273 Antonio Abrignani/Shutterstock; 274–75 Universal Images Group/Getty; 278 Hulton Archive/Getty; 281 Classic Image/Alamy; 284–285 Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images; 287 IgorGolovniov/Shutterstock; 288 JoJan; 291 Hulton Archive/Getty; 293 US National Archives and Records Administration; 294 U.S. National Park Service; 297 Adam Cuerden; 298 SuperStock/Getty; 301 Revista Aquí Está; 302 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS; 306 Imperial War Museum; 309 U.S. Navy; 310 U.S. Marine Corps; 313 Universal Images Group/Getty; 316 Roger Viollet/Getty; 318–19 Collection of The Town of Sekigahara Archive of History and Cultural Anthropology; 320 The Dmitri Baltermants Collection/CORBIS; 323 BasPhoto/Shutterstock; 324 Alfio Ferlito/Shutterstock; 326–27 The Art Gallery Collection/Alamy; 320 The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty; 333 De Agostini/Getty; 339 Leemage/Corbis; 340 The Art Gallery Collection/Alamy; 343 Nicku/Shutterstock; 344–45 Fine Art Photographic Library/CORBIS; 348 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS; 351 Chris Hellier/Corbis; 352 Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images; 356 Meoita/Shutterstock; 357 Gamma-Keystone/Getty Images; 359 Smithsonian Institution/Corbis; 361 Byelikova Oksana/Shutterstock; 362 Universal Images Group/Getty Images; 365 Bettmann/CORBIS; 367 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS; 368 Richard Cooke/Alamy
A History of War in 100 Battles Page 47
