Among the Headhunters
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Donovan, William “Wild Bill,” 71, 228
Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, 32
Dorman-Smith, Reginald, 19–20
downed aircraft, finding, 162–163. See also Blackie’s Gang
Downie, Don, 3
Dumbastapur, origin of name, 5
Dwyer, J. J., 191
East India Company (EIC). See British East India Company
education programs, current, 232
Edward VIII’s abdication, 126, 139, 153–154
Eifler, Carl, 67–68, 70–71
Eighteenth (Chrysanthemum) Division (Japan), 27–28, 33
elephants and tigers, 207
Emlong, 191, 197, 211
Ercolani, Lucien, 30–32
ethnological and anthropological studies, 104. See also individual anthropologists
evangelizing missions. See Christian missionaries
feast given by Nagas at survivor camp, 184–185
Felix, Charles, 2, 175, 178, 187
ferry pilots, 4–5, 12–15
First Anglo-Burmese War, 85
Fisher, Herbert, 12
fitness of crash survivors, 202–203
Flickinger, Don
camp activities organization, 188
difficult first day’s march toward Chabua, 198
as forerunner of volunteer medic parachuters, 217
gift from Mongsen, 195, 205
as leader for survival group, 177–178
life after rescue, 229
maintaining equilibrium between Nagas and survivors, 179
medical treatment of villagers, 174, 183
parachuting in to survivor group, 170–172
preparations for Japanese attacks, 188
visit to Sangbah’s home, 201
as wing surgeon, 170
Flight 12420
attempted emergency route to Jorhat, 36
bail-out, 37–42
crash site, 160
engine problems, 15, 35–36
oil pressure gauge problem, 35–36
passengers, 5–6
preflight checklists, 1–2, 8
weight concern, 11
Flying Tigers, 19
Forsdike, Eric, 8
Fort Hertz, Burma, 9
France, Sevareid’s coverage in, 60–62
Fuller, Joseph Bampfylde, 83–85
Fürer-Haimendorf, Christof von
on crossbows with poisoned arrows, 115
on danger of solo travel in Naga Hills, 107–108
donation of heads to Naga sepoys, 154–155
Emlong photographs with heads, 211
expedition photographs, 116
on friendliness of Panso, 146
life after rescue, 225–226
on Mills’s approach to Nagas, 101
on Pangsha emissaries at Chimgmei, 140–141
on punitive expedition to Pangsha, 110–111
search for Wenshoyl, 133
study of Nagas, 98, 103
study of Noklat, 136
on views from Helipong, 117–118
visits to uncontacted villages, 115
Gallagher, O. D., 22, 29–31
gaonbura (village headman appointed by British), 181
gaonbura system of Naga government, 91–92
gasoline air transports to China, 2–3
Gauss, Clarence, 71
Geneva Conventions of 1929, 32
Germany, 60–62
Gerty, Bernard, 156
Gibb, Isabella “Ishbel,” 64
gift exchange in Ponyo, 78–79
Giguere, Joseph “Jiggs,” 58, 74, 179, 203
Gilbert, Henry, 22
Giota, Anthony, 191
Girly (slave), 144, 150
goat sacrifice, 80
Great Awakening, 88
guns, 220, 223. See also Lee-Enfield rifles
Gurkhas
as Assam Rifles, 121, 226
Burmese Army recruitment from, 22
as Gurkha Rifles, 157
J. Cross as, 28
kukri (fighting knife), 38
subdued Chinglong, 97
Ham, Peter van, 99, 105
Hamilton (Captain), 94
Harman, Carter, 217
head-hunting
in Control Area, 221
as cultural dissonance problem, 104–106
heads confiscated at Yimpang, 125
Inner Line System increases, 105
as Naga practice, 83–84
occasionally sanctioned, 223
Pangsha and Yimpang rampage, 108–109
prohibition, beneficial effects of, 210
raids by tribes in nonadministered areas, 93–94
Raj and missionary opposition to, 89
helicopters for search-and-rescue, 217
heliograph apparatus, 118
Helipong village, 117, 204
Helland, Edward, 58
Heppner, Richard, 67
hill country tribes as pro-British, 21
History of the Areas Bordering on Assam from 1883–1941 (Reid), 82, 84
Hobbes, Thomas, 210
Hobhouse Commission, 98
Holongba village, 115
hostel for distant-living school children, 232–234
Hukawng Valley, Burma, 9
Hull, Cordell, 22
human sacrifice, 108, 109, 142, 149, 210
Hump (Assam-to-Yunnan air-ferry route), 2, 10, 43
Hutton, John Henry “J. H.,” 83, 97–100, 150
Hydari, Akbar, 226
iced wings, 10
ICS. See Indian Civil Service
Imperial Japanese Army. See Japanese military
India. See Shillong, India
Indian Civil Service (ICS), 97–98
Indian workers in Burma, 21
Inner Line System, 105
intelligence concerns, 65–69. See also Office of Strategic Services
Intourist tours to Russia, 64
Japanese military
attacks and invasion of Burma, 19–22, 29, 33
fighting ability and commitment of, 27–29
Japanese Zero fighter planes, 9, 10, 187–188, 218
Pearl Harbor and Asian attacks, 19, 29
Porter attacked ground positions, 218
protection of Burma, 33
rapes of nurses, 24
“Regulations for Punishment of Enemy Air Crews,” 32
ruthlessness and brutality of, 29–31
as threat to crash survivors, 186, 188
Japan’s Last Bid for Victory (Lyman), 79, 192
jettisoned baggage retrieved, 183–184
John Company. See British East India Company
Johnstone, James, 87, 91
Jones, Craig, 206
Jorhat, Assam
as air base, 4
survivors arrive at, 213
Kachin tribe
as British-led rebels, 33
as Burmese hill country tribe, 16, 21, 33
Detachment 101, working with, 67–68, 70
as pro-British, 34
Kalyo Kengyu Naga tribe, 107–108, 156, 164–166
Kaolikung Range, Burma, 9
Karen tribe, 21, 33, 34
Katzman, George, 162
Kempetai (Japanese military police), 32
kepruo (plane), 78
Kesiezie, Pfelie, 233
khel headmen of Pangsha, 108
khels (village divisions), 132–133
Khonoma village, 78, 86–87, 90, 91
Khruomo, Noumvüo, 78
Kittleson, Glen, 58, 178
Knight, Richard, 162
Kohima Educational Society (KES), 232, 234
Kohima Educational Trust (KET), 232–234
Kohima village, 87, 90–91, 99–100, 225
Konyak Naga tribe, 103, 191–192
The Konyak Nagas (Fürer-Haimendorf), 103
Kramer, Joe, 217
Kukis, as Burmese hill country tribe, 33
kukri (fighting knife), 38, 195
Kunming, China, 5
Kuomintang, 44–45, 56–57, 67, 226–227. See also Chiang Kai-shek
Kuthurr village, 119, 202
Kwoh Li, 74, 198, 203
LaBonte, Andrew “Buddy,” 184, 191, 229
lambu (sacrosanct ambassador), 141
Langnyu River Valley
defenses built, 128, 130
men missing from stockade, 133
Noklak village on, 136
planned pretend camp after Pangsha-Wenshoyl attack, 131
protective party at, 181, 186
latitude/longitude of crash site, 163
Lee, Duncan C. “Koch”
in charge of supply tent, 179
on Eifler’s SI reports, 70
encounter with tiger, 212
fitness level on march, 203
as Flight 12420 passenger, 5–6, 15, 58
life after rescue, 227–229
parachuted from Flight 12420, 74
proposed meeting with Dai Li, 228
as Soviet spy in OSS, 6, 62–65, 228–229
tasked by Donovan re Detachment 101, 69–70
tasked by Donovan re SACO, 65–69, 67
Lee, Roland, 58, 212
Lee-Enfield rifle, 112, 116, 121, 134–135
Lemmon, Basil, 58, 175, 185
lend-lease material to China, 18, 45, 47, 71–72, 230
Lewis guns, 130, 132
The Lhota Nagas (Mills), 102
LIFE magazine
on C-46 problems, 11–12
on ferry pilots, 4–5
Liresu village, 117
Loksan village, 151–152
Longmatrare, Nagaland, 222
Longmisa village, 153–154
Longon, P., 233
Ltu, Khrienuo, 92
Lunt, James, 29
Lushai, as Burmese hill country tribe, 33
Lyman, Robert, 79
M1 carbines for survivors, 177–178
MACR. See missing air crew reports
Maddock, Thomas, 88
Manipur, India
army to Khonoma siege, 91
in Treaty of Yandabo, 85
march from Mokokchung to Jorhat airfield, 211–212
Mark I Eyeball, 162
Martin, Neil G., 22
Mason, Gerry, 5
Matche, 107–108, 140
May, Rob and Sylvia, 233–234
McKelway, St. Clair, 169, 171
McKenzie, William, 171–172, 178, 229
McKie, Ronald, 10, 54–55
Merrill, Frank, 73
Merritt, Joe, 191
Miles, Milton “Mary,” 65–69, 227–228
military codes of conduct, ignored by Japanese, 29, 31
Miller, Ned, 3, 36–37, 159
Mills, Geraldine, 100
Mills, James, 231–232
Mills, Pamela, 114
Mills, Philip “J.P.”
Chang territory visit, 107
on changes in Naga culture, 105
as colonial administrator and anthropologist, 97–98, 100–102
on death by Naga poison, 121
on Edward VIII’s abdication, 139
first Pangsha encounter, 129–130
hope for nonviolent resolution in Pangsha, 112–113
journey to uncharted areas, 110
life after rescue, 225
overtures to neighboring villages to Pangsha, 122–123
perceptions of Nagas, 209–210
search for Wenshoyl, 133
on semi-independence for Naga Hills, 231–232
study of Noklat, 136
terms for peace with Pangsha, 140–141
visits to uncontacted villages, 115
See also punitive expeditions
missing air crew reports (MACRs), 162
mithan cows, 132, 149, 151, 184
The Modern Traveller (Belloc), 121
Mokokchung village
anthropological studies in, 99–100
as British administrative site, 93–94
march to, 208
Mills at, 100
Pangsha expedition launch from, 111–113
returning Pangsha expedition, 153
Mongoloid races, Nagas as, 82–83
Mongsen
arrested in 1939, 158
child treated by Flickinger, 188–189
as emissary to Chingmei, 140
first encounter in punitive expedition, 129–130
gift to Flickinger, 195, 205
imagined response to KET work, 235
injured foot treated by Vierya, 141–142
as khel headman of Pangsha, 108
perceptions of white men, 189–190
in Wenshoyl with crash survivors, 174
Mongu, 108, 158
monsoons, 30, 96, 116, 175, 187
morungs (village dormitories), 136, 167
Mount Yakko, 143–144
Mozema village, 86, 90
Murrow, Edward, 59–61
Myanmar. See Burma
Myitkyina, Burma, 10, 16, 50–51
Naga expedition (1879–1880), 85–86
Naga Hills
British surveying expeditions, 90
danger of solo travel in, 107–108
establishing peace, problems with, 85–86
as Savage Mountains (Chinese), 17
sought independence from India, 231
Naga Hills Military Police, 95
Naga Labour Corps, 115–116
Naga tribes
in administered vs. unadministered zones, 105–106
attempts to convert and civilize, 88–89
as Burmese hill country tribe, 21
came to Pangsha to observe crash survivors, 199
changes near civilization, 207
continued quest for independent Nagaland, 232
cultural dissonance problems, 104–106
dance celebration, 146–147
different languages among, 111–112
ethnological and anthropological studies of, 98–103
exposure to foreigners, 9
fighting methods, 119–121
first contact with crash survivors, 164–166
gaonbura system and British rule, 92
history and culture, 82
internecine struggles for local power, 89–90
Mills’s description, 102–103
offered tribute for British protection, 90
playful natures of, 99
as porters for Pangsha expedition, 111–112
power by fear, 84, 127, 129, 143, 146, 209–210, 221
retribution for Raj attacks, 87
visitors restricted by British, 9
war, enjoyment of, 84–85
See also Raj; slavery among Nagas; individual tribes and villages
Nagaland, 232–235
The Naked Nagas (Fürer-Haimendorf), 103
Nakhu, 140
Nanking Massacre, 32
Nazi Germany Means War (Stowe), 19
Neilao, 78
Neveu, Harry
on bail-out, 39–42
in charge of guard roster, 179
collapse on trail, 212
as Commando pilot, 1
engine problems, 35–36
fear of Japanese capture, 30–32
leg sore on march, 204
life after rescue, 229
preflight checklists, 1–2, 8
responsibility for crash, 160–161
reunited with Sevareid group, 159
route from Chabua, 14–15
weight concern for Flight 12420, 11
Ngully, Phyobemo, 234
Nian village, 158
Nlamo, 111, 133
Nokhu village, 144, 156–157
Noklak village, 125, 127, 136–137, 142, 197–200
Noklu village, 143, 144–145, 148
Nokluk village, 219
Not So Wild a Dream (Sevareid), 227
“Note on the Future of the Hills Tribes of Assam and the Adjoining Hills in as Self-
Governing India” (Mills), 231–232
Nye, A. R., 157
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 6, 34, 62–65, 67–68
Olson, Lynne, 59, 227
Oropeza, Frank, 191
Oswalt, Walter
bamboo chair for return hike, 194, 199
in Blackie’s Gang, 216
as camp radio operator, 179
died with Porter, 229
emergency distress signals sent, 37
helped to village, 167
leg broken in crash, 161
preflight checklist, 2
reunited with Sevareid group, 159
worsening leg condition, 170
Ozukum, Bendang, 233
P-40 fighter planes, 5
P-43 fighter planes, 5
palisades against Naga attacks, 119, 121
Pangsau Pass, 24
Pangsha village
as allies of Ponyo, 79–80
attack on Law Nawkum, 219
attacking other villages, 108–109
attempts to get firearms, 178
at Chingmei, 140
counterattack at Wenshoyl, 133–134
feared by other villages, 97
mocking of military expedition, 119–120
Noklak khel elders to see crash survivors, 199
now in Myanmar, 231
peace terms agreed to, 141–142
personalities of residents, 188–189
reported casualties, 135–136
return to violent behavior, 157, 218–219
slaves relinquished, 123–124
treatment of survivors, 194–195
urge for Control Area to include, 220–221
See also punitive expeditions
Pangti expedition (1875), 94
panji traps, 96, 120, 127–128, 138, 149, 151
Panso village, 122–123, 143, 145–148, 157
parachutes, 1, 3, 37–39, 162, 163
Passey, Richard, 171–172, 178, 188, 201–203
Patkai Ranges. See Patkoi Hills
Patkoi Hills (now Patkai Ranges)
Flickinger parachuted into, 171
on Flight 12420 route, 15–16
geography of Burma, 16
head-hunting and raiding in, 220
Law Nawkum attacked, 219
Mills’s eagerness to explore, 110, 118
Mt. Saramati in, 118
Raj rule in, 97, 129, 153
as remote to white men, 107
renamed Patkai Ranges, 232
route to China over, 9
search planes over, 168–170
USAAF watch stations in, 219
villages on Burmese side attacked, 108
Pawsey, Charles
in Battle of Kohima, 225–226
as colonial administrator and anthropologist, 98
concern for Control Area, 219–222
on illegal behavior in remote villages, 156–157
against independence for Naga Hills, 231
perceptions of Nagas, 209–210
push to outlaw head-hunting in Control Area, 224
request for punitive expedition on Ukha denied, 223–224
unable to enforce authority in Patkoi Hills during war, 219
Pesu village, 157