The Boer War
Page 95
Manchester Guardian
Morning Leader
Morning Post
National Review
Nineteenth Century and After
Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution
Review of Reviews
Sphere
Statesman’s Yearbook
The Times
Westminster Gazette
SOUTH AFRICA
Cape Times (Cape Town)
Diamond Fields Advertiser (Kimberley)
Express (Bloemfontein)
Ladysmith Bombshell (Ladysmith 1900)
Ladysmith Lyre (Ladysmith 1900)
Military History Journal of South Africa
Natal Mercury
Natal Witness
Standard & Diggers’ News (Johannesburg)
Star (Johannesburg)
The Friend (Bloemfontein)
Volksstem (Pretoria)
Notes
In the notes, I have given unpublished sources (including the government confidential prints), a two-, three- or four-letter abbreviation. Italics are reserved for published sources. Full stops separate each reference
PROLOGUE: RHODES’S ‘BIG IDEA’
1 Tels nos 73,77,79,80, 81, 82, 26–28 Dec 1895, C 8380/195–8
2 Jameson’s ev, House Paper 311 nos 4513, 4518, 4594–60. Garrett etc African Crisis 86 (and see 76)
3 Troopers’ accounts in Times 24, 25 Feb 1896.EGO
4 Phillipps With Rimington 2–6
5 Garrett 90. Hole Jameson Raid 291. Colvin Life of Jameson II, 64
6 Fitzpatrick Transvaal 98. Phillips Some Reminiscences 141–2
7 Colvin I, 266, 272–82: Rhodes–Beit Aug 1895 (cy) PC
8 Willoughby’s official report. Fitzpatrick Transvaal 411—21
9 Standard and Diggers News 18 Jan 1896 C 8380/175, 273
10 Jameson’s ev, House Paper 311 nos 4513 and 4596. Hole Jameson Raid 145–7
11 Colvin I, 13–14
12 Taken from Coventry’s speech at Mafeking. Jameson’s was similar. See Standard and Diggers News 4, 11 and 18 Jan 1896
13 C 8380 (no 61) 191–2. Times 1 Jan 1896. Hole 222–3
14 Hole 223–4
15 Willoughby’s ev, House Paper 311 5512–5548
16 c 8380/185–8
17 C 8380 nos 863–90, 906–26 and app p. 198. Hole 125–6, 137, 151–2
18 Garrett 28–9
19 Jameson’s ev, House Paper 311/4605
20 See for example Col Sandbach–Gen. Chapman 23 Nov 1899 in Sand
21 Hole 15–16, 79, 45–6
22 Heany’s ev, House Paper 311/5898. Willoughby’s official report loc cit. Hole 154–5
23 Trooper H. Acton–Adams diary, The Critic Dec 1933-Jun 1934 (Rhodesia National Archives)
24 Trooper Acton–Adams loc cit.
25 Willoughby’s official report loc cit. Hole 172–9
26 Trooper Acton–Adams loc cit. Standard and Diggers News 4, 11, 18 Jan 1896
27 Hole 179
28 The scene was particularly well known to Jameson since the death of Wilson on the Shangani Patrol in 1892
29 Willoughby’s official report loc cit 418
30 Hole 188. Standard and Diggers News 4, 11, 18 Jan 1896
31 C8390/170. Standard and Diggers News 22 Feb 1896
32 Standard and Diggers News 18 Jan 1896
33 Jameson’s Heroic Charge 25. CO 879/501/927. Hole 292
PART I
CHAPTER 1: OUT OF THE ABYSS
Head of chapter John Buchah Thirty Nine Steps 62–3 (London 1958
1 M’s diary 16 Nov 1898, Mil (dep 68)
2 M. Murray Union–Castle Chronicle (London 1953) 121–4. Illustrated London News 27 Jun 1891. M–Fiddes 12 Nov 1898, Mil 8 (SA 45)
3 M–Gell 26 Jun, 7 Jul, 19 Oct 1898, Gell 507, 510, 514
4 O. Walrond–Gell 25 Jun, M–Gell 28 Jun 1897, M–Gell 11 Jan 1898, Gell 360, 361, 501
5 M–Gell 2 Jun, M–E Gell 12 Oct 1897, Gell 359, 363
6 M–Bertha Synge 4 Aug 1898, MP I, 286
7 M’s diary 1–17 Nov 1898, Mil (dep 68). Cf O. Walrond–Gell 6 May 1897, Gell 358
8 Menpes War Impressions 89–100. Cook Garrett 151 fn. Cf Buchan Memory 97–103. Beatrice Webb quoted Marais 171
9 Gell’s note of talk with M 17 Feb 1897, Gell 346. Wrench Milner 19–30. Gollin First Proconsul 4–8
10 Wrench 30–46
11 See Smuts–wife 1 Jun 1899 SP I 242. For ‘Bohemian’ see M–Ly Ilbert 7 Dec 1897, Mil (kept separately at New College)
12 Cape Times 1 Jan 1896 saying he was very nearly chosen by Rosebery’s Cabinet instead of Robinson. See also C’s speech reported Times 27 Jun 1897 p. 10 col 4–6
13 Hicks Beach–M 22 Mar 1897 quoted Wrench 160–1
14 M–Iwan-Müller 9 Feb 1897, Mil 192
15 Times 29 Mar 1897
16 M–Gell 20 Apr 1898, Gell 503
17 M–Goschen 14 Jul 1897, Mil
18 C. Lucas History passim esp 204–5, 213–14, 222, 336–7
19 De Kiewiet British Colonial Policy passim. M Wilson and L. Thompson Oxford History of South Africa I 244
20 M. Wilson and L. Thompson I, 245
21 De Kiewiet loc cit.
22 M. Wilson and L. Thompson I, 245, 292, 355–63, 405–8
23 Lucas 160–2
24 M. Wilson and L. Thompson I, 368, 409–10
25 Ibid I, 369–373
26 Ibid I, 416–24
27 Robinson, Gallagher etc Africa and the Victorians 2–16. M. Wilson and L. Thompson II, 11–12
28 Ibid II, 289–298
29 Ibid
30 Ibid II, 298–300
31 Lehmann The First Boer War 262–307
32 C. Lucas 300–1, 336–7
33 M–Mrs Montefiore 12June 1900, MP II, 104–5. M–Gell 2 Jun 1897. Gell 359
34 M–Ly Ilbert 12 Dec 1897, Mil New College
35 M’s credo Times 2 Jul 1925 quoted Marais Kruger’s Republic 172. See also Gell’s note on M in Gell 346
36 M–Parkin 28 Apr 1897, MP I, 42
37 M–E Gell 26 Jan 1899, Gell 525
38 M–Dawkins 11 Apr 1904, Mil (S3)
39 See M–Gell 22 May 1899, Gell 521
40 See [Selborne’s] memo 26 Mar 1896, Sal
41 Kruger Memoirs II, 261–3. Van der Poel Jameson Raid 104
42 Blue Book 311. Hole 269–71. Van der Poel 166–7
43 Blue Book 311, see esp Q 6827–38. Van der Poel 73–4
44 Garrett etc Crisis 81. Van der Poel 89–90
45 C.311 Q 3304–7, 3401–4. Van der Poel 96–7
46 Robinson and Gallagher 430, 433. Van der Poel 260–2
47 B. Williams Rhodes 225–92. Lockhart and Woodhouse Rhodes 3 50
48 M–Gell 22 May 1899, Gell 531
49 M–Gell 19 Oct 1898, 3 Mar 1899, Gell 514, 528
50 Ibid
51 M–Gell 3 Jan 1899, Gell 521. See also M–Gell 28 Jul 1898, Gell 510
52 Standard and Diggers News 16 Nov 1895
53 See note 51. Gell’s notes [nd], Gell 518. M–Gell 30 Jan 1899, Gell 527. M’s diary 30 Nov 1899, Mil
54 M–Gell 11 Jan 1898, Gell 501. M–C 23 Feb 1898, MP I, 220–1. M–Bertha Synge 26 Apr 1899, Mil 191
55 M–C 23 Feb 1898, MP I, 222
56 C–Ellis 14 Oct 1897, Cham JC 10/5/1/62
57 C–M 16 Mar 1898, Garvin Chamberlain III, 366
58 M–Fiddes 23 Dec 1898, MP I, 299. See also MP I, 286–7
59 M’s diary 1891–2, Mil 252/161–6. Wrench III-16, 124–34, 136–54
60 M–Gell 17 Apr 1892, Gell 290
61 For M’s success in society see esp M’s letters to Mrs Grenfell (copies in PC) and diary esp 30 May-4 Jun 1895, bicycling trip in Normandy (‘Lady Alice made little headway against the wind’)
62 M’s diary 18 Nov 1895, Mil (dep 65)
63 M’s diary 22 Nov 1898, Mil (dep 68). M–Fiddes 25 Nov 1898, MP I, 299
64 M–C, M–Selborne 23 Feb, 7 Sep 1898, MP I, 222, 287
&nb
sp; CHAPTER 2: NODS AND WINKS
Head of chapter C, House of Commons 8 May 1896 Hansard XL/914–15
1 Garvin Chamberlain III, 10–14 quoting Sir H. Wilson and Ly Lugard. Sir R. Furse Aucuparius (London 1962) 22–3
2 Garvin III, 11–12
3 DNB
4 See esp Balfour–Salisbury 31 Jul 1892, Sal E/Balfour. Garvin II, passim
5 Selborne–Salisbury 7 Apr 1895, Sal E/Selborne
6 Garvin III, 4–5
7 Salisbury–Selborne 30 Jun 1895, Sel Box 5/31
8 Garvin (quoting H. Wilson) III, 15. See -contemporary photo album of CO in FCO library
9 For Highbury see account in Edward Hamilton’s diary 22 Jan 1899, BM 48764
10 See C–Selborne 14 Oct 1896, Sel Box 8
11 Statesmen’s Yearbook CO figures for 1895–6
12 Garvin III, 19–20 quoting C in Times 24 Aug 1895. Cf Lucas History passim
13 Times 7 Nov 1895
14 Statesmen’s Yearbook CO figures for 1899
15 C 22 Aug 1895 Hansard XXXVI/641–2. Garvin III, 20
16 C–Flora Shaw quoted Garvin III, 82–3
17 Van der Poel 261–2
18 C–Salisbury 13 Nov 1895, Sal E/Chamberlain. Selborne–C 6 Oct, C–Selborne 14 Oct, Sel–C 18 Oct 1896, Sel Box 8/91 etc. C–Harcourt 4 Sep, C–Ellis 14 Oct 1897, Cham JC 5/38/2261 JC 10/5/1/62. See also note 40
19 Wilde Archives Year Book I, 1956, 9–18. Drus Documents 49
20 Van der Poel passim esp 27–30, 34–6, 47–51. 54–6- Wilde 19
21 Garvin III, 88–9
22 C–Salisbury 26 Dec 1895, Sal E/Chamberlain
23 C–Salisbury 29 Dec 1895 ibid
24 Garvin III, 89
25 See note 20
26 Maguire–Rhodes 20 Dec 1895 quoted Van der Poel 66–72. Drus Report 49–50
27 C. 8380 App 168 foll reprinted from Green Bk no 2 of Transvaal
28 C’s memo June 1896, Drus Report 47–8
29 Garvin III, 106–8
30 Report of Select Cttee of Commons, House paper 311
31 E. Longford Victoria RI 684 (Pan edit 1976)
32 Van der Poel 259. See Lockhart & Wood–house 342–4. Note the relative absence of material on Raid now in CO 417/152, 160, 177–80 and CO 879/44 etc.
33 Van der Poel 195–6
34 Van der Poel 227, 234, 244–8
35 Fairfield–Bower 31 Oct 1896, Bower–Ommaney 11 May 1906, Bower–Rose Innes 3 Feb 1932 cited Van der Poel 189–95
36 C’s ev at Select Cttee Inquiry Q 6223–7 etc.
37 E. Pakenham Jameson’s Raid 97–101, 64. Garvin III, 92–7
38 For rumours re Rosebery see C–Selborne 30 Dec 1896, Sel Box 8/144
39 Morley’s phrase quoted Van der Poel 230
40 C’s minute 15 Apr 1896, Drus Documents 160–2. E. Pakenham 248–9
41 Shakespeare Macbeth Act II scene 3 lines 33–5
42 M’s diary 22, 30 Nov 1898, Mil (dep 68)
43 M–Selborne 9 May 1898, MP I 232–5. M–Fiddes 3 Jan 1899, Mil 8/28–33
44 C–M 16 Mar 1898; MP I 227–9. Cf Sel–borne-M 23 Mar, MP I 229–31
45 See C–Selborne 3 Mar 1897, Sel Box 11/162: will ‘end in self-strangulation’
46 M–Selborne 31 Jan 1899, MP I, 301–2 (clauses reversed)
47 M–Fiddes 23 Dec 1898, MP I, 299–300
48 M’s diary 24–6 Nov 1898, Mil (dep 68). W Churchill–Rosebery 13 Aug 1903, Rose. B–Selborne 16 Aug 1898, Sel Box 2
49 M’s diary 24–6 Nov 1898, Mil. See other visits to Panshanger 20–22 Apr, 18–21 Nov 1895, Mil 258
50 M’s diary Dec 1891, Mil 252/161–6
51 M–Gell 17 Apr 1892, Gell 290
52 MP I, 301. M’s diary 18 Nov–Jan 27 1898–9, Mil (dep 68)
53 M–Gell 19 Jun 1899, Gell 534
54 See note 52
55 M–Rosebery 12 Dec 1898, Rose 75/ 160–4. M–Selborne 23 Jan 1899, MP I, 301
56 See Margot–M 9 Jul 1900, Mil 29 (SA 32)
57 M’s diary 1891–1901. ‘CD’ lived at Norwood until 1893 then Croydon till 1896 then Brixton. She cost M £392 in 1893, £359 in 1894, £378 in 1895, £354 in 1896. In 1901 she cost £600
58 See M’s diary 1891–7, 98–9, Mil (dep 60–69)
59 M’s diary 1–2 Dec 1898 (Windsor), 4–5 Dec (Highbury), 5–6 Dec (Hatfield), 6–11 Dec with ‘CD’, Mil (dep 68)
60 Countess of Jersey Fifty–one Years of Victorian Life (London 1923) p. 370
61 M’s diary 8 Dec 1898, Mil (dep 68)
62 M’s credo, Times 27 Jul 1925
63 M’s diary 9–10 Dec 1898, Mil (dep 68)
64 M’s diary 8 Dec 1898, Mil (dep 68)
65 M’s diary 23 Jan 1898, Mil (dep 68)
66 M–Fiddes 3 Jan 1899, Mil 45 (SA 37). M–Gell 27 May 18 Jun 1899, Gell 531, 533
CHAPTER 3: CHAMPAGNE FOR THE VOLK
Head of chapter story told me by Mrs Williams, one of Kruger’s great-granddaughters
1 Standard and Diggers News (weekly edit) 31 Dec 1898. Volksstem 24 Dec 1898
2 Ibid. Kotzé Memoirs II, 36. S E Trichard Geskiedenis 57–110
3 P. Kruger Memoirs I & II passim. Fisher Kruger 141–52, 240. Meintjes Kruger passim. DSAB I, 445 foll
4 See note 1
5 Kotzé Memoirs II 216 foil
6 Volksstem 29 Dec 1898
7 Kotzé II, 30–31. Marais 6–7
8 Mouton Archives Year Book 1–264. DSAB I, 412–17. Gordon Growth of Opposition 246–74. Kotzé loc cit
9 See note 1
10 Oberholster Historical Monuments 305–6 (inc photos)
11 C’s minute 5 Apr 1896 Drus Documents 160–2. Casement 30 Apr 1896 (Cy) PC
12 Kotzé loc cit. Marais 9–10.
13 W. Monypenny & G. Buckle Life of Disraeli (London 1920) VI, 416
14 Jorissen Transvaalsche Herinneringen 16–17. Marais 7. Fisher 156. But Kruger had too keen a sense of humour to be a real flat-earther. See chapter head
15 P. Kruger Memoirs I, 3–103. DSAB I, 444–7
16 P. Kruger Memoirs I, 143–190. DSAB I, 448–9
17 Kotzé loc cit
18 Quoted Marais 10
19 DSAB I, 449–451
20 Gordon 207–28
21 Gordon 46–57. Marais 27–45 (esp 31). Cd 623. A quarter of the £2m profit went to the state
22 Marais 13–14
23 P. Kruger II, 269–72. Scholtz diary Jan 1896, Scho. Fitzpatrick Transvaal 229–30. Van der Poel 143–65. Actually the beam went to the museum
24 Bryce Impressions of South Africa 311—18
25 Ibid. See Bryce’s footnote 318 added Oct 1899
26 Standard & Diggers News (weekly edit) 30 Sep 1898. Terms of pact printed in WO Military Notes (cy) PC 90–3
27 Breyt I, 406, 564–7. Mouton 225
28 Breyt I, 406–11. Mouton 226
29 Ibid
30 SD II, 192. Cf Military Notes (cy) PC and Breyt I, 276 foll
31 Joubert quoted Mouton 227
32 RCSAW I, 193:M–C7Feb 1898 quoting public statement by Kruger. Cf Breyt I, 274–7, Oberholster loc cit
33 Star passim 1899
34 The combined force was nominally 54,000–57,000 ace Breyt I, 153, but only 32,000–35,000 actually mobilized at outbreak of war. Cf OH I, 458–9 giving figure of over 48,000 commandeered
35 Gordon 184–203
36 Hancock Smuts I, 67–9. P. Kruger II, 298–9
37 Hancock I, 3–63, 68
38 Ibid I, 33–53
39 SP I, 80–100, 123–6
40 SP I, 103–6
41 Hancock Smuts I, 58–67
42 Smuts–Merriman 18 Jun 1899 SP I, 257–8
43 Cd 623. Marais 27–33. Gordon 55–6
44 Hancock Smuts I, 86
45 Standard & Diggers News (weekly edit) 23 Sep 1898
46 C 9345/83, 95–6. Marais 234–7
47 Hancock Smuts I, 83
48 Cape Times 21 Dec 1898. Sir W. Butler quotes slightly different text in Autobiograhy 396–8
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br /> 49 SP I 212–13. Original Dutch notes in indirect speech
50 Smuts–Hofmeyr 10 May 1899 SP I 233–5
51 Standard & Diggers News (weekly edit) 24 Dec 1899
CHAPTER 4: ‘VOETSAK’
Head of chapter G. Rouliot–J. Wernher 21 Jan 1899, Eck HE 175
1 Cape Times, Star 21, 23 Dec 1899. Standard & Diggers News 24 Dec 1899. Wallis Fitz passim esp 78. L. Phillips Reminiscences 101
2 Buchan’s African Colony 77–83. Cartright Corner House 39–40, 72–3
3 Bryce 296–308. Buchan op cit 311–13
4 Star 21 Dec 1899 (quoting Mining Journal). Standard & Diggers News I4 Jan 1899 (weekly edit). Bryce 301–2. Younghusband South Africa of Today 9–11
5 Selborne’s memo for Salisbury 26 Mar 1896
6 Younghusband 3–4, 42–5. Hobson War in South Africa 10–14. Cartright Corner House 50–1
7 Marais 1, 26–7, 180–1. Hobson 287–8
8 Fitzpatrick Transvaal 275–81, Memories 159–60. DSAB I 292–3
9 Fitzpatrick Transvaal 105–6. Hobson 286. Marais 27–33, 228. Info R. Mendelsohn
10 S. Evans–M 12 Jun 1897. Mil 66: Native labour should be halved in cost per ton. Standard & Diggers News (weekly edit) 10 Jun 1899. See letter from Uitlander, Star 30 Dec 1898. Bryce 303–4. Marais 187–8
11 Fitzpatrick Transvaal 96–103, 327. Marais 25–7. MP II 308. C 0345/10 -
12 Fitzpatrick Transvaal 73–7. Marais 53
13 C 9345/83 Marais 235–7
14 SP I, 213
15 Bessie Edgar ev C 9345/110–11, 122–3, 150. See her £4,000 compensation claim 10 Jun 1899, CO 879/59/19
16 A Shepherd, A Sylvester, M McKenzie, C 9345/118, 119, 121, 149
17 Bessie Edgar ev C 9345/122–3
18 See note 9
19 Bessie Edgar, D. Bowker, J. Friedman, I. Kantorowitz, M. McKenzie, A. Shepherd, A. Sylvester, Constables Muller, Roux, Rood, Dr Lillpop C 9345/110–53
20 Star 21–22 Dec 1898
21 Marais 238
22 Evans’s report and a photo in CO 417/259/456–464. Cape Times 28 Dec 1898. Marais 237–8
23 Butler–C 18 Jan, 25 Jan 1899, CO 879/56/3> 7
24 C9345/131, 136–8, 144–7
25 Ibid 159–75. Marais 239–40
26 Greene–M 3 Mar (enc Fitzpatrick 3 Mar), 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 21 Mar 1899, Mil 13 (SA 27). MP I 318–31. Fitzpatrick Memories 164–5. Wallis 74. Marais 247–9
CHAPTER 5: ‘WORKING UP STEAM’
Head of chapter M–Fiddes 3 Jan 1899, Mil (dep 69)
1 Butler–C 4 Jan 1899, CO 417/259. W. Butler 400–3
2 M–Selborne 31 Jan 1899, MP I, 301
3 M–Selborne 23 Jan 1899, MP I, 301. M–Fiddes 23 Dec 1898, MP I, 299. M–Bertha Synge 11 Feb 1899, MP I, 302. M–Iwan-Müller 28 Nov 1898, Mil 192