35 J. Freeman to Lord Sydney, 11 April 1784, Brotherton Mss, quoted in Cannon, The Fox – North Coalition, p.214
36 Furneaux, William Wilberforce, p.31
37 Debrett, History of the Westminster Election, p.158
38 Ibid., p.96
39 Ibid., p.99
40 Ibid.
41 George III to William Pitt, 13 April 1784, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/103, part 1
42 Debrett, History of the Westminster Election, p.99
TEN: Power and its Limits
1 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. III, p.360
2 Ibid., p.387
3 Ibid., p.395
4 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.240
5 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.121
6 Morning Herald, 30 July 1784, quoted in Mitchell, Charles James Fox, p.73
7 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. III, p.428
8 Lady Gower to Lord Granville Leveson Gower, 19 February 1785, Granville (ed.), Lord Granville Leveson Gower, First Earl Granville: Private Correspondence. 1781–1821, Vol. I, pp.5–6
9 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.221
10 Ibid., pp.216–17
11 Mr. Gibbon to Lord Eliot, 27 October 1784, quoted in ibid., p.237
12 Wilberforce, Sketch of Mr. Pitt, quoted in Rosebery, Pitt and Wilberforce, p.14
13 Dudley Ryder, Lord Harrowby, quoted in Thorne (ed.), The House of Commons 1790–1820, Vol. IV, p.815
14 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 28 August 1784, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.335–6
15 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 7 October 1784, ibid., fol.337–8
16 The Lord Lieutenant to William Pitt, 15 August 1784, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.263
17 Pitt to Sydney, 10 September 1784, William J. Clements Library, Michigan
18 Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.87
19 Pitt to Rutland, 7 October 1784, Rutland, Correspondence Between the Right Hon. William Pitt and Charles Duke of Rutland, p.34
20 Pitt to Rutland, 16 June 1784, ibid., p.19
21 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.197
22 Ibid.
23 22 February 1785, ibid., p.199
24 Ibid., p.209
25 Tomline, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.438
26 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.95
27 Ibid., p.75
28 Ibid., p.76
29 Ibid., p.98
30 Rev. Wyvill to Rev. Wilkinson, 9 December 1784, Wyvill, Political Papers, Vol. IV, p.119
31 Pitt to Rutland, 12 January 1785, Rutland, Correspondence Between the Right Hon. William Pitt and Charles Duke of Rutland, p.77
32 Pitt to George III, 19 March 1785, Clements Transcripts I, 326, quoted in Barnes, George III and William Pitt, pp.125–6
33 George III to Pitt, 20 March 1785, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/103, part 1
34 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.238
35 Daniel Pulteney to Duke of Rutland, 19 April 1785, Manners, The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Rutland, G.C.B., Preserved at Belvoir Castle, p.202
36 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.114
37 Wilberforce’s diary, 18, 19 April 1785, R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.78
38 Savage and Finer (eds), The Selected Letters of Josiah Wedgwood, pp.282–3
39 30 May 1785, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXV, Feb. 1785 – May 1786, p.778
40 Pitt to Rutland, 17 August 1785, Rutland, Correspondence Between the Right Hon. William Pitt and Charles Duke of Rutland, pp.107–9
41 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.166
ELEVEN: Private by Nature
1 Earl Mornington, ‘Recollections of Mr. Pitt’s Character’, 22 November 1836, BL Add Mss 37416, fol.379
2 Wilberforce’s diary, 10 March 1785, R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.78
3 Wilberforce to Pitt, c.2 August 1785, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/189, part 2
4 Pretyman, Draft Life of Pitt, Chapter XXVII, BL Add Mss 45107, fol.24
5 Earl Mornington, ‘Recollections of Mr. Pitt’s Character’, 22 November 1836, BL Add Mss 37416, fol.378–9
6 Notes by Mrs Tomline, October and November 1801, Stanhope Mss U1590/S5/C41
7 Pitt to Lord Eliot, 8 September 1785, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.134
8 Lady Chatham to Mr Wilson, 2 November 1784, quoted in Ashbourne, Pitt Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.153
9 Lady Chatham to Mr Wilson, 19 March 1785, quoted in ibid., p.154
10 Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. I, p.594
11 Wilberforce, Sketch of Mr. Pitt, quoted in Rosebery, Pitt and Wilberforce, p.14
12 Homer, Memoirs of Francis Horner, Vol. I, p.315
13 Bladon (ed.), The Diaries of Colonel the Hon. Robert Fulke Greville, p.187
14 Headlam (ed.), The Letters of Lady Harriot Eliot, 1766–1786, p.135
15 Pitt to Shelburne, 13 January 1783, Pitt Mss, William L. Clements Library, Michigan
16 Tomline, unpublished Chapter XXVII of his Life of Pitt, Rosebery, Bishop Tomline’s Estimate of Pitt, p.34
17 Notes by Mrs Tomline, October and November 1801, Stanhope Mss U1590/S5/C41
18 17 May 1809, Farington, The Diary of Joseph Farington, Vol. V, p.162
19 Pitt to Elliot, 22 August 1786, Pretyman Mss HA 119/T108/39/228
20 Wilberforce to Pitt, 30 September 1785, R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, Correspondence of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.7
21 Count Woronzow to Lord Grenville, 2 July 1800 [in French], quoted in Fortescue, The Manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue, Esq., Preserved at Dropmore, Vol. VI, p.259
22 Bickley (ed.), The Diaries of Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie, Vol. I, p.149
23 Sir James Harris to Lord Carmarthen, 18 July 1796, Cobban, Ambassadors and Secret Agents: The Diplomacy of the First Earl of Malmesbury at the Hague, p.80
24 Pitt to Thomas Coutts, 30 June 1787, Pitt Mss, William L. Clements Library, Michigan
25 Tomline, unpublished Chapter XXVII of his Life of Pitt, BL Add Mss 45107(J). fol.36
26 Ibid., fol.35
27 Ibid., fol.36
28 Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.293
29 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 1 December 1785, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.347–8
30 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 29 May 1784, ibid., fol.333
31 Hester Chatham to Thomas Coutts, 17 March 1786, Pitt Mss, William L. Clements Library, Michigan
32 R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.89
33 Ibid., p.91
34 Ibid., p.94
35 Ibid., p.95
36 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.313
37 Pitt to Mrs Stapleton, 25 September 1786, quoted in ibid., pp.313–14
38 Tomline, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. II, pp.3–4
39 Thomas Orde to Duke of Rutland, 30 November 1784, Manners, The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Rutland, G.C.B., Preserved at Belvoir Castle, p.152
40 Tomline, unpublished Chapter XXVII of his Life of Pitt, BL Add Mss 45107(J), fol.33
TWELVE: Spreading His Wings
1 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.284
2 Richard Rigby, quoted in a letter from Lieutenant General James Grant to Earl Cornwallis, 16 April 1787, quoted in Ross (ed.), Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis, Vol. I, p.291
3 Elliot to Pitt, August 1788, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/132, part 2
4 Tomline, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I,
p.504
5 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, pp.291–2
6 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.266
7 Tomline, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.520
8 Harriet Pitt to Lady Chatham, 28 February 1786, Eng. Mss 1272, no. 54, John Rylands Library, quoted in Black, British Foreign Policy …, p.27
9 Eden to Beresford, 28 February 1786, The Correspondence of the Right Hon. John Beresford, Vol. I, p.302
10 Pitt to Wilberforce, 30 September 1785, quoted in R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Correspondence of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.9
11 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, pp.290–2
12 Tomline, unpublished Chapter XXVII of his Life of Pitt, BL Add Mss 45107(J)
13 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.306
14 Ibid., p.305
15 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, pp.289–92
16 Tomline, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.542
17 Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, pp.69–70
18 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.307
19 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 13 November 1786, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.355
20 Black, British Foreign Policy …, p.105
21 12 February 1787, Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.359
22 12 February 1787, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXVI, pp.397–8
23 Ibid., p.392
24 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.298
25 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.317
26 Ibid., p.318
27 R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. V, p.341
28 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.320
29 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.337
30 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.331
31 Ibid.
32 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. IV, p.341
33 R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.341
34 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 13 November 1786, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.377–8
35 Orde to Lansdowne, 24 January 1786, Bowood Mss, quoted in Mitchell, Charles James Fox and the Disintegration of the Whig Party 1782–1794, p.102
36 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. V, p.47
37 Ibid., p.401
38 Ibid., p.402
39 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.334
40 Lord Buckingham to Grenville, 11 November 1788, quoted in Fortescue, The Manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue, Esq., Preserved at Dropmore, Vol. I, p.362
41 Lloyd Jones, Darkness and Light, Ephesians 4.17–5.17, p.50
42 Tomline, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. II, p.28
43 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.337
44 Duffy, The Younger Pitt, p.166
45 George III to Carmarthen, 6 July 1784, BL Add Mss 27914
46 Pitt to Rutland, 8 August 1785, quoted in Rutland, Correspondence Between the Right Hon. William Pitt and Charles Duke of Rutland, p.102
47 Black, British Foreign Policy …, p.73
48 Ibid.
49 Keith to Hailes, 12 December 1785, Kent Archive Office U269/C191
50 Black, British Foreign Policy …, p.41
51 Sir James Harris to the Marquis of Carmarthen, 10 October 1786, quoted in Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. II, p.197
52 William Pitt to Sir James Harris, 5 December 1786, quoted in ibid., p.211
53 Sir James Harris to the Marquis of Carmarthen, 23 February 1787, quoted in ibid., p.237
54 Sir James Harris to the Marquis of Carmarthen, 1 May 1787, quoted in ibid., p.256
55 Pitt to Wilberforce, 22 September 1787, Pitt Mss, William L. Clements Library, Michigan
56 William Pitt to Sir James Harris, 28 September 1787, quoted in Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. II, p.347
57 Count Woronzow to his brother, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.350
THIRTEEN: Insanity and Crisis
1 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. V, p.98
2 Duchess of Devonshire’s diary, 20 November 1788, Sichel, Sheridan, Vol. II, p.404
3 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. I, p.361
4 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 19 June 1788, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.408–9
5 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. V, p.152
6 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 29 August 1788, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.410
7 George III to Pitt, 20 October 1788, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/103, part 2
8 George Baker’s diary, 17 October-7 November 1788, quoted in MacAlpine and Hunter, George III and the Mad Business
9 Pretyman Mss HA 119/T108/42
10 Reports of Sir George Baker, on behalf of Dr Warren, quoted in Rose, William Pitt and National Revival, pp.410–11
11 Macaulay, essay contained in Encyclopaedia Britannica, eleventh edition, p.672
12 Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.90
13 Ibid.
14 Duke of York and Prince of Wales to Prince Augustus, 3 December 1788, Aspinall, The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales, Vol. I, no. 339, p.405
15 Fox to Prince of Wales, c.25 November 1788, ibid., p.384
16 Unaddressed letter of Windham, 26 November 1788, Windham, The Windham Papers, Vol. I, pp.88–9
17 George III, 5 December 1788, Bladon (ed.), The Diaries of Colonel the Hon. Robert Fulke Greville, p.119
18 Duchess of Devonshire’s diary, Sichel, Sheridan, Vol. II, p.413
19 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.374
20 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. V, p.210
21 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, pp.375–7
22 Morning Chronicle, 10 December 1788
23 12 December 1788, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXVII, p.731
24 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. II, p.381
25 Fox, 1 December 1788, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXVII, p.757
26 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. V, p.228
27 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt…, Vol. I, pp.400–1
28 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. II, p.18
29 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. I, p.407
30 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. II, pp.19–20
31 Morning Herald, 20 January 1789, quoted in Derry, The Regency Crisis and the Whigs 1788–9, p.130
32 John Dixon to Fitzwilliam, 24 December 1788, Wentworth Woodhouse Mss, fol.34(h), quoted in ibid., p.117
33 Elliot to Lady Elliot, 18 December 1788, Minto, Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Vol. I, p.248
34 Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.164
35 Wraxall, The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs …, Vol. V, p.301
36 Russell, Memorials and Correspondence of Charles James Fox, Vol. II, p.302
37 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 19 February 1789, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.418
38 George III to Pitt, 23 February 1789, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/103, part 2
39 Minto, Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Vol. I, p.300
&n
bsp; 40 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 14 July 1789, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.421
FOURTEEN: Trials of Strength
1 Fitzherbert to Leeds, 1 January 1790, BL Add Mss 28065, fol.1
2 Black, British Foreign Policy …, p.305
3 Rose, William Pitt and National Revival, p.543
4 See ibid.
5 Furet, The French Revolution 1770–1814, p.13
6 C.J. Fox to R. Fitzpatrick, 30 July 1789, BL Add Mss 47580, fol.139
7 William Grenville to Marquis of Buckingham, 13 June 1789, Buckingham, Memoirs of the Court and Cabinet of George III, Vol. II, p.47
8 5 February 1790, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXVIII, p.351
9 Burke to Depont, November 1789, quoted in Copeland (ed.), The Correspondence of Edmund Burke, Vol. VI, p.40
10 Burges to Ewart, 7 July 1791, Burges, Selections from the Letters and Correspondence of Sir James Bland Burges, p.175
11 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 21 November 1789, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.422
12 Pitt’s notes dated 1791, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/195, fol.49
13 Ewart to Auckland, November 1790, quoted in Rose, William Pitt and National Revival, p.590
14 Leeds to Merry, 2 February 1790, PRO FO 72/16, fol.87–8
15 Parliamentary Register 1790, Vol. XXVII, p.565
16 Hamilton (ed.), Letters and Papers of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Thos. Byam Martin, G.C.B., Vol. III, p.381
17 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 24 June 1790, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.424
18 See Duffy, The Younger Pitt, p.112
19 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. II, p.63
20 R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.286
21 Duke of Richmond to Pitt, 24 November 1790, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. II, p.80
22 Ewart to Pitt, 13 December 1790, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/133, part 2
23 Leeds to Elgin, 4 February 1791, PRO FO 7/23, fol.71–2
24 Jackson to Burges, 4 August 1790, Bodleian Library Dep. Bland–Burges Mss 36, fol.60
25 Auckland to Keith, 19 February 1791, quoted in Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir Robert Murray Keith, Vol. II, p.377
26 Rose, William Pitt and National Revival, p.617
27 Speech of April 1791, Wright (ed.), Speeches of Charles James Fox in the House of Commons, Vol. IV, p.199
William Pitt the Younger: A Biography Page 71
