parliamentary reform 109, 130, 192
and Pitt 67, 118–19, 129
Public Accounts 69–70, 83, 225
resignation 81–2, 92
Secretary of State 124
and Shelburne 98, 110
War of Independence 35, 46, 58, 73, 76, 77–9, 81
and Warren Hastings 232
North Briton 37
Northumberland, Duke of xxiv, 407
Nugent, Lord 64–5, 66–7
Ochakov fiasco 284–7, 288, 310–12, 325
Old Sarum 5–7, 49, 89, 120
Orange, House of 243–4
Orange, Prince of 339
Orde, Thomas 128, 186–7, 196, 235
Oswald, Richard 93
Otto, Monsieur 494
Pacific Ocean 279, 281
Paine, Thomas 315, 323
Paley, William 292, 584
Pantheon, London 44, 44n 266
Parker, Admiral Sir Hyde 461, 493
Parker, Richard 404, 406
Parliament: Additional Force Bill 536–7
Cabinet system 83
Call of the House 55, 79
Chancellor of the Exchequer 99–100
Committee on sedition 442
composition/leadership 55–8, 120
constitutional crisis 144–8, 155–60
Contractors Bill 51
costumes 85
debate on the war (1803) 512
dissolution of 149–50, 159, 168–9
Earldom of Chatham annuity 42
electoral basis 47–9
eloquent speeches 300, 304
financial speculation 546–9
general election (1784) 169–74, 177–9, 190–1
general election (1790) 280–1
Great Seal of England 168, 262, 265, 315, 324
House of Lords 144–5, 163, 310
India Bill 139–45, 158
layout 54&n, 60–1
Ministry of All the Talents 581
Orders of the Day 514–15
patronage 8–9, 51, 58, 62–3, 139–40, 147, 154–5, 169
peace negotiations 92–3, 98, 106–11
Pitt’s death 580
Pitt’s style 126–7
Public Accounts 69–70, 83
reform 37–8, 40, 49, 51, 62, 63–5, 83, 86–90, 106, 130, 132, 143–7, 188, 191–4, 314–15, 336, 351, 404–5, 454, 468, 557, 582, 585, 589
Regency Bill 262–6, 435
reporting of speeches 68
Secretary of State 4n
Speaker’s Chair 272
State of the Nation Committee 155, 157
tellers 81&n
Paul I, Tsar of Russia 385, 420, 432, 450, 456, 460, 494
Peel, Sir Robert 434
Pelham, Thomas 8, 113, 481
Pembroke Hall (College), Cambridge 23–9, 39, 44, 52, 500
Peninsular War 590
Perceval, Spencer 472–3, 582
Petty, Lord Henry 101
Philippines 33
Piedmont 421
Pitt, Ann 13
Pitt of Bocconoc, Thomas (‘Diamond’ Pitt) 5–6, 89, 137
Pitt, Harriot (later Mrs Edward Eliot) 14, 75, 104, 129, 134, 200, 205, 206, 212, 219, 225, 229, 230, 308
Pitt, Hester (later Baroness Chatham) 7, 12–13, 14–16, 22, 93–4, 137, 200–1, 205, 219, 235, 274, 321, 343, 370, 438, 502, 505–6, 590
Pitt, Hester (later Lady Mahon/Stanhope) 14, 44, 52, 129, 205, 518
Pitt, James 14, 52
Pitt, John (2nd Earl of Chatham) 14, 36, 42, 71, 132, 155, 165, 208, 235, 249, 363–4, 368, 371, 372, 382–3, 411, 445, 466–7, 473, 475, 504, 509, 511, 525, 533, 544, 578
Pitt, Robert 6
Pitt, Thomas (1st Lord Camelford) xxiv, 120, 129, 154, 308
Pitt, Thomas (later Earl of Londonderry) 6, 7, 13, 48, 49
Pitt, William, 1st Earl of Chatham (Pitt the elder): annuity 12, 42
children 16–17, 23
Commander-in-Chief 4
controversies xxii–xxiii
death and funeral xxi–xxv, 35–6, 42, 206
debts xxiii, 11, 42, 490
denunciation of government 19–20, 34–35
early life 5–7
early political career 7–8
‘the Great Commoner’
11, 21, 162–3
health 11–12, 21–22
holidays 18–19
homes 13, 14, 16
leaves government 12
letters to mother 35, 41, 43, 50
Lord Privy Seal 21
marriage 12–13
orator 5, 8–9, 20, 21, 34–5
Paymaster General 8
peerage 16, 21
perils of politics 19
personality xxii, 4
philosophy 9–11
public perception 5, 20
returns to government 20
saviour of the nation 5
Secretary of State 4
year of victory xxii
Pitt, William (the Younger)
EARLY YEARS: attachment to father 16–17, 21–2, 24, 26
character 14–19, 23, 27, 29–30
education 17–18, 23–30, 583
European languages 28, 133–4
family background 3, 13–15
friends 29–30, 36
Master of Arts 28
speaking styles 17–18, 28
CHARACTER: 14–19, 23, 27, 29–30, 127–9, 134, 183–4, 405–6
religious tolerance 237–8 see also social life
FAMILY LIFE: father’s funeral xxiv–xxv
letters to mother 35, 42–3, 49, 52, 53, 68, 75, 81, 90, 97, 103–4, 111, 117, 130, 132, 137, 155, 167, 185, 214, 228, 248, 250, 267, 273, 280, 307–8, 343, 369, 370, 383, 414, 426, 428, 448, 501
mother’s death 505–6
FINANCES: after resignation 489–91, 587
at Lincoln’s Inn 43–4, 214, 491
Clerkship of the Pells 490, 500, 587
deathbed will 576
debts 212, 214–16, 310, 394, 489–90, 580–1
income 214–15
on leaving Cambridge 42–3
legal practice 72, 93
mother’s annuity 93–4, 104, 213–14, 343
Warden of the Cinque Ports 309, 520–1
HEALTH: alcohol 25–6, 201, 220–1, 247, 308, 343, 408, 428, 501, 517, 535, 553, 563, 571, 576
debility, death and funeral 569–80
digestion 428–9
duel with Tierney 425–7
exercise 14, 26, 127
facial cyst 201
failing health 559–60, 566–8, 569–76
gout 307–8, 343, 369, 476, 501–2, 566, 576–7
lack of stamina 554
low priority 522
mental pressures 347, 361, 372–3, 381–2, 413–14, 424, 427–8, 433, 438, 439, 447, 457–9, 476, 517, 548, 552
physical appearance 129, 512–13, 529, 553, 560, 573
seriously ill 500–1
youthful illnesses 16, 23, 25–6
HOMES: Holwood House 212–13, 235, 274, 291, 310, 341, 343, 387, 426, 489–90, 492, 589
Park Place 489, 491
Putney Heath 185, 212, 534, 538, 572
Walmer Castle 309, 321, 341, 344, 373, 414, 428, 446, 458, 492, 501, 505, 506, 511, 517, 521, 554, 563
York Place 491: see also Downing Street
LEGAL CAREER: Lincoln’s Inn 43–4, 46, 136
Western Circuit 72, 75, 93–4
Westminster Hall 75–6
POLITICAL CAREER: ambitious 80, 85–6, 91, 112, 126, 310, 313–14
Chancellor 95, 97, 99–103, 105, 123–5, 130, 149, 505
enemy of the human race 337
First Lord of the Treasury 101, 146–52, 153, 179, 180–2
and Fox 109–110, 312–14, 316–18, 442
Freedom of the City of London 165–166
general election 169–74, 177–9, 190–1, 194, 381, 500
independence 46, 49, 79, 86, 107, 110, 112, 126, 132, 156, 162, 197, 234
leaves office 481–92, 487–8
overthrow of government 136–7, 143–7
parliamentary seat 42, 46, 49–53, 54, 61, 99–100, 146, 155, 170, 500
patronage 154, 163, 180, 208–9, 211, 249, 309–310, 356, 441, 543–5, 588
peace negotiations 108–11, 137, 365–366, 374–5, 380–1, 383–5, 399–400, 406–15, 421, 440, 464, 468
personal style 126, 126–7, 130, 156, 162–164, 183–4, 209–12, 226, 308–9, 342–3
political following 129
Prime Minister 113, 114–16, 119–23, 125–6
propriety 105
resignation 407–9, 414, 463, 470–84, 493, 553
satirical verses 202–3, 221, 399
struggle for supremacy 153–60, 163–8, 169–74
unique status 582–92
unpopularity 365–6, 419
valuable lessons 79
war with France 416–17, 422–4, 429–32
Warden of the Cinque Ports 309–10, 489
POLITICAL INITIATIVES AS FIRST LORD: administrative sinecures 236
Cabinet coalition 354–68, 455, 457
Catholic emancipation 463–73, 475, 477, 482–3
coastal fortifications 224–5
Customs and Excise 236
defence of the war 460
economic recovery 240, 246, 267, 270, 282, 305–6, 316, 333, 370, 398–9, 401, 440
Emergency Bill 424–5
Ferrol expedition 476–7
food shortages 459–60
foreign affairs 223, 228–30, 237, 239, 240–5, 250, 268, 272, 274–82, 284–9, 307, 444, see also France, French Revolution and the wars
gagging Bills 378–9, 442
income tax 433–4, 443, 455, 584
liberty of the press 442
loyalty loan 384–5, 394, 402
money supply 333, 397–9
Napoleon’s peace offers 450–3
national debt 223, 225–7, 235, 306, 348, 376, 417, 455, 480, 502, 552, 584
‘Pitt’s gold’ 337
Post Office 236
practical politics 196–7, 464, 584
Sinking Fund 180, 226–7, 230, 270, 306, 333–4, 402, 584
slave trade 291–304, 316, 446, 536, 589
supporting the poor 380
talent spotter 135, 228, 248, 272–3, 288, 309
taxes 181–3, 194–5, 197, 226, 267, 305–6, 349, 376, 385, 402, 417, 423, 443, 455, 480, 584
trade expansion 227, 440, 443
Triple Assessment tax 417–18, 433
Voluntary Contribution 418
POLITICAL LIFE OUT OF OFFICE: and Addington 488, 490, 492–3, 497–500, 503, 516, 525
behaviour 488, 499, 521–2
birthday dinner 498–9
Commons motion 498
George III 488, 490
peace talks 488, 494–6
psychological impact 487–8, 491
reputation 516–17
role as Colonel 519–20
threat of war 500–1, 503–4
war (1803) 511–12, 513–15, 519–21, 533
return to office 501–7, 508–14, 521–9
POLITICAL LIFE RETURNED TO OFFICE: and Addington (Sidmouth) 541–2, 545, 550–1, 556–7
Additional Force Bill 536–7
Cabinet 532–3, 536–7, 558, 566
character 533–5, 563
coalition against France 555, 561–2, 568
Dundas (Melville) naval irregularities 546–52, 556
final budget 545
illegal transactions 552
Memorandum on the Deliverance and Security of Europe 542–3
patronage 543–5, 551, 556
popularity 555, 565
procrastination 554
Saviour of Europe 565
slave trade 536, 554, 589
unrelenting pressure 535–6
war on France (1803–05) 539, 555–7, 560–8, 569–73, 583
weak position 530–2
POLITICAL SPEECHES: British constitution 88–89
‘England has saved herself’ 565–6
fifteen-year horizon 306
food shortages 460
Fox – North coalition 111–13, 122–3, 127
French Revolution 451–2
George III’s insanity 257–9
‘ifs and buts’ 452–3
Irish grievances 422
League of Armed Neutrality 462–3
maiden 63–8
national determination 415
North’s resignation 82
oratorical skills 66, 78, 553–4, 583
parliamentary reform 89, 405, 454–5
peace negotiations 110, 111–13
Public Accounts 68–9
resignation 479
slave trade 302–4, 315, 583
struggle for supremacy 156
Union with Ireland 437, 583
war (1803) 512–14, 525, 583
War of Independence 69, 77–8
SOCIAL LIFE: club membership 71
dislike of parties 75, 206
family events 44
friends 127–9, 199–209, 216–19, 220–2, 225–6, 307–9, 446, 491–2, 554
Gibbon encounter 45
good humour 553–4
held in awe 554
isolationist 585–6
landscape gardening 14, 213
nicknames 163, 169, 181, 303, 441, 458, 548, 555, 588
portraits 24n
recreation 213
self-discipline 71, 204
shooting 104
visits France 133–4
Wimbledon 126, 127–8
women 135, 195, 202, 204, 221–2, 388–93, 446, 518–19
Plassey, Battle of 138
Plymouth 224
Poland 282, 284, 287, 319, 334, 338, 345, 350, 369, 383, 568
Pope, Alexander 102
Portland, Duke of 92, 95, 120–1, 124, 131, 144–5, 154, 164, 256, 289, 317–18, 324, 348, 354–9, 365, 368, 374, 377, 381, 411, 436, 466, 474, 483, 525, 533, 539, 582
Portsmouth 224
Portugal 228–9, 382, 412, 461
Pratt, John see Lord Camden
Pretyman (later Bishop Tomline), Dr George 44, 52, 66, 75, 79, 85, 90, 109, 136, 151, 159, 213, 219, 225, 227, 238, 249, 252, 308, 312, 355, 372, 375, 408, 427, 432, 458, 473, 476–9, 482–3, 488–9, 490–2, 497, 501, 512, 554, 572–6
Bishop of Lincoln 17, 23, 27–9, 208, 308, 419, 462, 543–4
Pretyman, Mrs 200, 209–10, 409, 492
Price, Dr 225
Priestley, Joseph 289
Principle of Moral and Political Philosophy (Paley) 292
Protestant Association 40
Prussia 4, 244–5, 246, 274–5, 282, 284–7, 306, 543
war 314, 319, 334, 338, 342, 345, 350, 362, 368–9, 383, 420, 433, 440, 443–6, 448–9
war (1804–05) 538, 555–6, 561–4, 566–8, 569–71
Puerto Rico 107
Pyramids, Battle of the 429
Quebec 4, 163
Quebec Act 40
Quiberon Bay 5, 370–1, 407
Ramsey, James 294–5
Redesdale, Lord 366, 510
Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke) 288
Regency Act 251
Regency Bill 481
Regulating Act 138
Rehearsal, The (play) 193n
Reichenbach Agreement 284
Reynolds, Henry 573–575
Richmond, Duke of 87, 96, 98, 100, 108, 109, 151, 157, 224, 243, 283, 286, 329, 336–7, 342, 345, 368
Rigby, Richard 78, 117, 223
Rights of Man (Paine) 315
Rivoli, Battle of 396
Robespierre, Maximilien 337, 361–2
Robinson, John 107, 142, 152, 155, 166, 173
Rockingham, Charles, 2nd Marquis of xxiii, xxiv, 6, 19, 36, 38, 50, 52, 61, 62
death 94–7, 99
general election 171
ministry 84, 86, 90, 91–4, 120
opposition group 76 see also Whig
Party
Rodney, Admiral 92, 93
Rohan, Cardinal de 271n
Rolle, John 202
Rolliad see Morning Herald
Rome 420, 443, 494
Romilly, Sir Samuel 78, 116
Rose, George 105–6, 114, 125, 135, 144–5, 151, 192, 200, 203, 209, 210, 225, 228, 254–5, 294, 308, 339, 342, 375, 413, 417, 429, 438, 458, 466, 468, 473, 480, 482–3, 488–91, 497, 502–3, 505, 509, 521, 527–9, 559, 574–6, 579
Rosebery, Lord 3
Russell, Lord John 84
Russia 4, 229, 250, 274, 276–7, 282, 284–7, 307
alliance/war (1804–05) 538, 542, 555, 561, 564, 567, 570–1
hostility 460
League of Armed Neutrality 461
mediation 511
war 311–12, 314, 334, 368, 383, 420, 432, 440, 443–6, 450
withdraws from coalition 456
Rutland, Duke of 29, 52, 81, 109, 121, 140, 151, 167–8, 186–7, 196, 212, 273
Ryder, Dudley (later Earl of Harrowby) 128, 183, 308, 426, 533, 540, 558, 560, 562, 566, 569
Saint Domingue 299, 301, 362
St Lucia 108
St Paul’s Cathedral 31, 419
St Vincent, Lord (later Earl) 423, 521, 525
Sandwich, Lord 59, 78–9
Saratoga 35, 55
Sardinia 543
Savoy 321, 380
Sawbridge, Alderman 89, 90
Saxony 4, 314, 334
Scotland 59, 206, 244, 321, 351, 365
Scott, Joan see Mrs Canning
Seditious Meetings Bill 378
Selwyn, George 48, 129
Seven Years’ War xxii, 4, 10, 11, 20, 30–3, 83, 161, 270
Sharp, Granville 294
Sheffield, Lord 189
Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl of 6, 51, 61, 75, 84, 86, 92–3, 102, 135, 208
character 105–6
ministry 95–100, 105–13, 116–17, 137, 146, 206
on Pitt 114–15, 119, 128, 153–4, 199
plot to oust Pitt 407
Shepton Mallet 499
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 89, 90, 110, 153, 204, 224, 231, 247, 255–7, 259, 264, 398, 462, 478, 502, 542, 545
Sidmouth, Lord see Henry Addington
Sieyès, Abbé 449
slave trade 82, 219, 271, 273, 291–304, 314–16, 446, 468, 499–500, 536, 554, 581, 585, 589
Slave Trade Limitation Bill 446
Smith, Adam 102, 105, 187, 229, 292, 305, 584
Smith, Joseph 490
Smith, Robert ‘Bob’ (later Lord Carrington) 71, 201, 215, 217, 385, 490–1
Smith, Sydney 443, 455
smuggling 181–183, 194, 229, 267, 305, 584
Society for Constitutional Information (SCI) 315, 351–2
South America 456, 463
Spain 10, 12, 33, 35, 92, 106, 240, 285
commercial treaties 229
French revolutionary war 334, 362, 369, 371, 381–3, 394, 395
Nootka Sound crisis 277–82
peace talks 495
slave trade 296, 300
war (1804–05) 539, 545, 560
William Pitt the Younger: A Biography Page 78
