The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?
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Isospin, [>]
Isotropy crisis, [>]
Jets, of hadrons, [>]
Johnson, Lyndon, [>]
Johnston, Bennett, [>]–[>]
Joule, James, [>]
Joyce, James, and "quark," [>]
J/psi, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Kaons, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
negative (K−), [>], [>], [>]
neutral (K0), [>], [>]
positive (K+), [>], [>], [>]
Kaufmann, Walter, [>]–[>], [>]
Kelvin, Lord, [>], [>]
Kendall, Henry, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Kepler, Johannes, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Klein, Martin, [>]
Kolb, Rocky, [>]
Kosmos, [>]
Kusch, Polykarp, [>], [>]
Lagrange, Joseph Louis, [>]
Lamb, Willis, [>], [>], [>]
Lambda particle, [>], [>], [>]
Lasers, [>]
Lattes, Cesare, [>], [>]
Lauritsen, Charles, [>]
Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent, [>], [>]–[>]
Lawrence, Ernest Orlando, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Leaning Tower of Pisa, [>], [>], [>]
Lederman, Leon
Anderson as inspiration to, [>]
and cloud chamber, [>], [>]–[>]
as Colombia professo‹; [>]
and construction of particle counter; [>]
and Desertron (SSC), [>]–[>]
on Donahue show, [>]
in dream dialogue with Democritus, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
early years of, [>]
as Fermilab director, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and J/psi discovery, [>]–[>]
and "Lee-on," [>]
and Nevis cyclotron, [>], [>]
Nobel and other prizes of, [>]–[>]
and parity experiment, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
and problem of mass, [>]
professional recognition of, [>]–[>]
and standard model, [>]
and theorists, [>]–[>]
and two-neutrino experiment, [>]–[>], [>]
"Unauthorized Autobiography" of, [>]
upsilon discovery by, [>]–[>]
Lederman Shoulder, [>], [>]
Lee, Ben, [>]
Lee, Tsung Dao, [>], [>], [>], [>]
and hypothetical particles, [>]
and "Lee-on," [>]
and parity experiment, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
as inspiration to Schwartz, [>]
as theorist, [>], [>]
at unification seminar; [>]
and weak-force theory, [>]
Leibniz, Gottfried, [>], [>]
Leno, Jay, quoted, [>], [>]
Leptons, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and accelerator, [>]
baryon number of, [>]
electrons as, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
in futurist dream, [>]
and Galileo, [>]
and Higgs phenomena, [>]
and standard model, [>], [>]
tau, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
third generation of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Leucippus, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Library, as metaphor for matter [>]–[>]
Light
absorption and emission of, [>]
and Big Bang theory, [>]
and black body radiation, [>]–[>]
Galileo on, [>]–[>], [>]
Newton on, [>], [>]
and photoelectric effect, [>]–[>]
and radioactivity, [>]
spectral composition of, [>]–[>]
speed of, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
in unified theory, [>]
as wave phenomenon, [>]
and atomic structure, [>]
and double-slit experiment, [>]
and wave-corpuscle dilemma, [>]
Linde, André, [>]
Linear accelerator (linac), [>], [>], [>]
Livingston, Stanley, [>], [>]
Luck, and scientific success, [>]
Lucretius, [>], [>], [>], [>]
McMillan, Edwin, [>]
Magnetism, [>]
and electricity, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
of electron, [>]–[>], [>]
and symmetry, [>]
See also Electromagnetism
Mann, Alfred, [>]
Marconi, Guglielmo, [>], [>], [>]
Marsden, Ernest, [>], [>]
Marshak, Robert, [>]
Masers, [>]
Mass, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
conversion of to energy, [>]
as directionless, [>]
of electron, [>], [>], [>]
gravitational vs. inertial, [>]–[>]
and Higgs field, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Mendeleev on chemistry as science of, [>]
and neutrinos, [>]
and Newton's law, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
of pion, [>]
and relativity theory, [>], [>]
sharpness of, [>]–[>]
Mathematics, [>], [>]–[>]
and Galileo, [>]
of infinitesimals, [>]
and Kepler, [>]
and Newton, [>]
and Pythagoreans, [>]–[>]
Matrix mechanics, [>], [>]
Matter
building blocks of, [>]–[>] (see also A-torn; Particles)
and change, [>]
dark, [>], [>]–[>]
Democritus on, [>]
and force, [>]
library as metaphor of, [>]–[>]
theories on ultimate elements of
of Anaximander, [>]
of Anaximenes, [>]
of Dalton, [>]–[>]
of Democritus, [>]–[>], [>]
of Empedocles, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
modern, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
of Parmenides, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
of Prout, [>]–[>]
of Rutherford, [>]–[>]
of seventeenth-century chemistry, [>]
of Thales, [>], [>]
See also Quantum theory or mechanics
Matter waves, [>], [>]
Maxwell, James Clerk, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
and action-at-a-distance, [>]
and aether [>], [>]
on atoms, [>]–[>]
and black body radiation, [>]
Bronowski on, [>]
phenomena unexplained by, [>]
and Rutherford atom, [>]
Measurement
of atomic weights, [>]
and Brahe, [>], [>]–[>]
and Galileo, [>]–[>]
Heisenberg on necessity for; [>]
in Lavoisier's water experiment, [>]
and quantum theory, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
in Thomson's experiment on electron charge, [>]
uncertainty of, [>]
Mediators of force, [>]
Mendeleev, Dmitri, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Mesons, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Messenger particles, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
for electroweak force, [>]–[>]
and Fermi on weak force, [>]
and gluons, [>]–[>], [>]
for weak force, [>]
See also Bosons; Force carriers
Messenger photon, [>], [>]
Metric system, [>], [>], [>]
Michelson, Albert, [>]
Miletus, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Mills, Robert, [>]
Mirror symmetry, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]. See also Parity
Moby Dick (Melville), [>]
Molecules, [>], [>], [>]
Monet, Claude, [>], [>]
Monopoles, [>]
Motion, [>]
Aristotle on, [>], [>], [>]
conversion of electricity to, [>]
Democritus on,
[>], [>]
Galileo's discoveries about, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Newton's laws of, [>], [>]–[>]
Muon, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
charge of, [>]
detection of, [>]
in dimuon experiment, [>]–[>]
g-value of, [>]–[>]
lifetime of, [>]
mass of as puzzle, [>]
and messenger particles, [>]
in parity experiment, [>]–[>]
in parity illustration, [>]–[>]
from photon, [>]
from pion, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and protons, [>]
as stopping particle, [>]
unobserved decay of, [>], [>]
and two-neutrino experiment, [>]–[>]
Muon neutrino, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Musical scale, [>]–[>]
Mysticism
and Buddhism allusion, [>]
and EPR thought experiment, [>]
in popularizations of physics, [>], [>]
Necessity, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Neumann, John von, [>]
Neutral currents, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Neutrinos, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and beta decay, [>]
and conservation, [>], [>]
and dark matter [>]
detecting, [>], [>]
electron neutrino, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and experiment of two neutrinos, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
"flavor" of (electron vs. muon), [>]–[>]
and fourth generation, [>]
and mass, [>]
muon neutrino, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
from outside solar system, [>]
and pion, [>], [>], [>], [>]
and quarks, [>], [>]
tau neutrino, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and weak force, [>], [>]
and Z0, [>]
Neutrons, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
baryon number of, [>]
energy needed to crack, [>]
half-life of, [>]
Neveu, André, [>]
Nevis cyclotron (Columbia), [>], [>], [>]–[>]
cloud chamber for, [>]–[>]
fringe field focusing with, [>]–[>]
parity experiment with, [>]–[>]
pions from, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Newton, Isaac, and Newtonian physics, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and aether [>], [>]
and atoms, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and calculus, [>], [>]–[>]
and determinism, [>], [>]
and Einstein, [>]
and evolution of science, [>], [>], [>]
and falling apple, [>], [>]
and force field, [>]
and gravity, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
and Kepler [>]
Lavoisier compared to, [>]
laws of motion of, [>], [>]–[>]
on light, [>], [>]
and magic/alchemy, [>], [>]
phenomena unexplained by, [>] Principia of, [>]–[>]
and relativity, [>]
and Rutherford atom, [>]
and Schrödinger equation, [>]–[>]
as warden of Mint, [>]–[>]
Niobium, [>], [>], [>]
Nobel Prize, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Noether Emmy, [>], [>]
"November Revolution," [>]–[>]
Nuclear atom, [>]
Nuclear core, energy to crack, [>]
Nuclear explosion, and mass-energy conversion, [>], [>]
Nucleon, [>], [>]
Nucleus, [>], [>], [>]
and accelerator [>]
energy needed to crack, [>]
and quantum theory, [>]
radioactivity of, [>]–[>]
and periodic table, [>]
as research focus, [>]
Rutherford's discovery of, [>]–[>]
and scattering, [>]
Numbers
alpha (1/137), [>], [>], [>]
determining universe, [>]
Pythagoreans' view of, [>]
quantum, [>]
scientific notation for, [>]–[>]
See also Mathematics
Observations
and Anaximenes, [>]
and equations, [>]
See also Experiment
Occiallini, Giuseppe, [>]
Oersted, Hans Christian, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Ohm, Georg, [>]
Omega minus particle, [>]
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, [>], [>], [>]
Oxygen atom, [>]
Pagels, Heinz, [>], [>], [>]
Pais, Abraham, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Panofsky, Wolfgang, [>], [>]
Parity
conservation of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
"downfall" of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
violation of, [>], [>], [>]
Parmenides, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Particle accelerators. See Accelerators, particle
Particle counter [>]
Particle physics, [>]
and astrophysics or cosmology, [>], [>], [>]
as detective story, [>]–[>]
in dialogue with Democritus, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
and earlier science, [>]
evidence in, [>]–[>]
experimenters and theorists in, [>]–[>] (see also Experimenters; Theorists)
and force-matter distinction, [>]
and God Particle, [>] (see also Higgs field or particle)
and hadron proliferation, [>]–[>]
and history of atomism, [>] (see also A-tom)
"seeds within seeds" in, [>]
standard model in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>] (see also Standard model)
and Tower of Babel parable, [>]–[>]
and ultimate particle, [>]–[>]
See also Physics
Particles
and accelerators, [>], [>]–[>] (see also Accelerators, particle)
collisions as creating, [>]
detection of, [>]–[>]
of electricity, [>]
Empedocles on, [>]
exotic, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
and Galileo on light, [>]
hypothetical, [>]–[>]
in standard model, [>]
temporary, [>]–[>]
virtual, [>]–[>]
See also Standard model; individual particles
Particle-wave conflict
for electrons, [>], [>]
for light, [>]
Pasteup Louis, [>]
Pastore, John, [>], [>]
Pauli, Wolfgang, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and neutrino, [>], [>], [>], [>]
and number [>], [>]
and quantum theory, [>], [>]
quoted (on God), [>], [>]
unified theory of, [>]
in War Against Infinities, [>]
Pauli exclusion principle, [>], [>]
P-bar See antiproton
Peoples, John, [>], [>]
Periodic table of elements, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Perl, Martin, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Phase stability, [>]–[>]
Philosophers, Greek, [>]–[>], [>]. See also individual philosophers
Phlogiston, [>]
Photoelectric effect, [>]–[>], [>]
Photon, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and accelerators, [>], [>]
and Big Bang theory, [>]
creation of, [>]
detection of, [>]
and electroweak force, [>]
and Higgs phenomena, [>], [>]–[>]
messenger, [>], [>], [>]
and quarks, [>]
in standard model, [>]
tagged, [>]
Zukav on, [>]
Physicists, [>]
and chemistry, [>]
and downfall of parity, [>]–[>]
emotions of, [>]–[>]
Kepler
as forerunner of, [>]
Soviet, [>]–[>]
unification sought by, [>], [>], [>]–[>] (see also Unification)
vs. pre-Socratics, [>]
Physics
and accelerators, [>] (see also Accelerators, particle)
classical, [>], [>], [>], [>] (see also Classical physics)
development of, [>]
division(s) of, [>]
end of proclaimed, [>]
and Galileo's experiments, [>]
of late 1890s, [>]–[>]
and mathematics, [>], [>]
mystical popularizations of, [>]–[>], [>]
"November Revolution" in, [>]–[>]
and pyramid of science, [>]
skeptical questions on, [>]–[>]
and The Road, [>], [>], [>]
Totalitarian Rule of, [>], [>] See also Particle physics; Science
Pions (pi mesons), [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
charge of, [>]
in cosmic rays, [>]
as decay product, [>]
and Fermilab collider [>]
and fringe field focusing, [>]–[>]
isospin states of, [>]
muons generated by, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
negative, [>]
neutral, [>]
in neutrino experiment, [>]
from particle Victories, [>]
positive, [>]
Planck, Max, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Planck domain, [>]–[>]
Planck mass, [>]–[>], [>]
Planck's constant, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Plato, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Poincaré, Henri, [>]
Politzer, David, [>]
Pontecorvo, Bruno, [>]
Positron (positive electron), [>], [>], [>], [>]
Potential energy, [>], [>]
Powell, C. F., [>]
Prequarks, [>]
Princeton University, [>] Principia (Newton), [>]–[>]
Probability, [>]
and quantum mechanics, [>]–[>]
Proportional wire chamber (PWC), [>]
Protagoras, [>]–[>]
Proton, [>], [>], [>]
and accelerator [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
baryon number of, [>]
charge of, [>]
decay of, [>]–[>]
as decay product, [>]
energy needed to crack, [>]
experiments on, [>]–[>]
in Fermilab accelerator [>], [>]
from photon, [>]
pictures of, [>]–[>]
polarized, [>]
and quarks, [>], [>], [>], [>]
"seeing," [>]
Prout William, [>]–[>]
Psi, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Ptolemy, [>], [>]
Pulsars, [>]–[>]
Pure Reason. See Reason Purpose, as cause, [>]–[>]
Pythagoras, [>], [>], [>]
Pythagoreans, [>], [>]–[>]
Quantum atom, [>]
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), [>], [>], [>], [>]
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and gauge transformation, [>]
and g-value of muon, [>]
and QCD, [>]
Quantum gravity, [>], [>]
Quantum numbers, [>]
Quantum theory or mechanics, [>