You Could Look It Up: The Reference Shelf From Ancient Babylon to Wikipedia
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NOTES
CHAPTER 0: PROLOGUE
1. Ong, Orality and Literacy, p. 31.
2. Landau, Dictionaries, p. 4.
3. Ward, Practical Use, p. 27.
4. Grafton, “Jumping through the Computer Screen,” p. 95.
CHAPTER 1: JUSTICE IN THE EARTH
1. Perrot, Palace of Darius, p. xvi.
2. Edwards, Oldest Laws, p. 6.
3. Delitzsch, “Zur juristischen Litteratur Babyloniens,” p. 80.
4. Pritchard, Archaeology and the Old Testament, p. 206.
5. Perrot, Palace of Darius, p. xviii.
6. Pritchard, Archaeology and the Old Testament, p. 210.
7. Wright, Records of the Past, 4:105.
8. Edwards, Oldest Laws, p. 13.
9. Pritchard, Archaeology and the Old Testament, pp. 213, 215.
10. Edwards, Oldest Laws, p. 17.
11. Edwards, Oldest Laws, p. 19.
12. Edwards, Oldest Laws, p. 26.
13. Edwards, Oldest Laws, p. 27.
14. See Lewis, Early Greek Lawgivers, p. 12.
15. Gagarin, Writing Greek Law, pp. 96–97.
16. Carawan, Rhetoric and the Law of Draco, p. 2.
17. Lockman, New History, p. 137.
18. Carawan, Rhetoric and the Law of Draco, p. 1.
19. Riggsby, Roman Law, p. 2.
20. Merryman, Civil Law Tradition, p. 7.
21. Watson, Roman Law and Comparative Law, pp. 84–85.
22. Riggsby, Roman Law, pp. 39–40.
23. Witty, “Reference Books of Antiquity,” pp. 114–15.
24. Merryman, Civil Law Tradition, p. 9.
CHAPTER 1½: OF MAKING MANY BOOKS
1. Metz, “Bibliomania,” p. 252.
2. Stockwell, History of Information Storage and Retrieval, p. 47.
3. Anderson, Imagined Communities, pp. 33–34.
4. See Gleick, “Information Palace,” and Dyson, “How We Know.”
5. Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, 1.2.3.15.
CHAPTER 2: IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE WORD
1. Black, George, and Postgate, Concise Dictionary.
2. Von Soden, Ancient Orient, p. 151.
3. Cohen and Kedar, “Teacher-Student Relationships,” p. 235.
4. See Bing, “Unruly Tongue”; Collison, History, pp. 26–27; and Stray, Classical Dictionaries, p. 5.
5. Yong and Peng, Chinese Lexicography, p. 59.
6. Xue, “Chinese Lexicography,” p. 152.
7. Nienhauser, Indiana Companion, 2:166; Xue, “Chinese Lexicography,” pp. 152–53.
8. Xue, “Chinese Lexicography,” p. 153.
9. Nienhauser, Indiana Companion, 2:166; Xue, “Chinese Lexicography,” pp. 153–54.
10. Xue, “Chinese Lexicography,” p. 154.
11. Wilkinson, Chinese History, p. 62.
12. Mirashi, Literary and Historical Studies in Indology, p. 51.
13. Datta, Encyclopedia of Indian Literature, s.v. dictionaries (Sanskrit); Mirashi, Literary and Historical Studies, p. 47.
14. Colebrooke, Preface to Amarakosha, 2:46.
15. Wilkinson, Chinese History, pp. 64–65.
16. See Datta, Encyclopedia of Indian Literature, s.v. dictionaries (Sanskrit).
CHAPTER 2½: A FRACTION OF THE TOTAL
1. Furetière, Nouveau recueil, 1:4.
2. Stavans, Dictionary Days, p. 63.
3. When I first drafted this paragraph, the count stood at 35,650; it has gone up by 3,254 since I started writing the book. No doubt it is higher now.
CHAPTER 3: THE HISTORY OF NATURE
1. Greene, Landmarks of Botanical History, p. 58.
2. Hornblower and Spawforth, Oxford Classical Dictionary, s.v. Theophrastus.
3. Schmitt, “Towards a Reassessment,” p. 250.
4. Pliny, Natural History, 1:x–xii.
5. McArthur, Worlds of Reference, p. 43.
6. Pliny, Natural History, 1:viii–ix.
7. Pliny, Natural History, 2.1.1–2, 4 (1:171–73).
8. Pliny, Natural History, 2.11 (1:207).
9. Pliny, Natural History, 11.16.46–47 (3:461); 14.1.1 (5:187).
10. Stockwell, History of Information Storage, p. 19.
11. Pliny, Natural History, 14.4.20–14.28.140 (5:199–279).
12. Pliny, Natural History, 14.27.132–33 (5:273).
13. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, 1:394.
14. Pliny, Natural History, 1:13; Oxford Classical Dictionary, s.v. Pliny the Elder.
15. See, for instance, Pliny, Natural History, 1:ix; Collison, Encyclopaedias, pp. 25–26; and Katz, Cuneiform to Computer, p. 22.
16. Pliny, Natural History, 1:15.
17. Pliny, Natural History, 2.40.149 (1:287); 1:13.
18. See Greene, Landmarks of Botanical History, p. 158.
CHAPTER 3½: EASY AS ABC
1. See Von Soden, Ancient Orient, p. 151.
2. Witty, “Medieval Encyclopedias,” pp. 274–75.
3. Gleick, Information, p. 58.
4. Cawdrey, Table Alphabeticall, sig. A4v.
5. Burke, Social History of Knowledge, p. 110. See also Landau, Dictionaries, p. 107.
CHAPTER 4: ROUND EARTH’S IMAGINED CORNERS
1. Harwood, To the Ends of the Earth, pp. 11�
��12.
2. Harley, “Map,” 1:1.
3. Ptolemy, Geography, p. xi.
4. See Dilke, “Culmination,” 1:180.
5. Ptolemy, Ptolemy’s Geography, p. 63.
6. Dilke, “Culmination,” 1:183.
7. Dilke, “Culmination,” 1:177.
8. Roffe, Domesday, p. 1.
9. Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, p. 198.
CHAPTER 4½: THE INVENTION OF THE CODEX
1. Suarez and Woudhuysen, Oxford Companion to the Book, s.v. codex.
2. See Kallendorf, “Ancient Book,” p. 49.
CHAPTER 5: THE CIRCLE OF THE SCIENCES
1. See Doody, “Pliny’s Natural History,” pp. 11–12.
2. Jackson, “Towards a History,” pp. 342–43.
3. See New International Encyclopædia, s.v. encyclopædia; Collison, Encyclopaedias, pp. 21–22; and Collison and Preece, “Encyclopedia.”
4. Stockwell, History of Information Storage and Retrieval, p. 17.
5. Jackson, “Towards a History,” p. 344.
6. Jackson, “Towards a History,” pp. 345–46.
7. See Isidore, Etymologies, p. 11, and Collison, Encyclopaedias, pp. 23–24.
8. Stockwell, History of Information Storage and Retrieval, p. 17.
9. Witty, “Reference Books of Antiquity,” p. 111.
10. Stockwell, History of Information Storage and Retrieval, p. 34.
11. See O’Donnell, Cassiodorus, chapter 9.
12. Stockwell, History of Information Storage and Retrieval, p. 38.
13. Cassiodorus, Institutiones, 30.2.
14. Cassiodorus, Institutiones, I.ii.3; Introduction, p. 142.
15. See Collison, Encyclopaedias, pp. 28–29.
16. Witty, “Medieval Encyclopedias,” p. 275.
17. Isidore, Etymologies, I.i.1–3 (p. 39).
18. Isidore, Etymologies, I.xxix.2 (p. 55); IV .ii (p. 109).
19. Isidore, Etymologies, XII.viii.1 (p. 269).
20. Isidore, Etymologies, XVIII.i.2 (p. 359); VI.viii.1–2 (pp. 139–40).
21. Isidore, Etymologies, IX.vi.23 (p. 209).
22. Isidore, Etymologies, pp. 10–11, 14, 15, 24. See also Witty, “Medieval Encyclopedias,” pp. 275–77, and Stockwell, History of Information Storage and Retrieval, p. 39.
CHAPTER 5½: THE DICTIONARY GETS ITS DAY IN COURT
1. Hinckley v. U.S., 163 F.3d 647, C.A.D.C., 1999.
2. Liptak, “Dictionary Citations.”