78 R A Cumberland 10/371,376.
79 Blaikie, Origins (‘John Daniel’s account’), p.203.
80 R A Cumberland 10/376,385.
81 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.103; R A Cumberland 11/281.
82 R A Cumberland 11/281–2,292,310.
83 Spalding Club Miscellany I (1841), p.380.
84 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.121.
85 S P Scotland 28 No.26.
86 Speck, The Butcher, p.122.
87 R A Cumberland 10/131.
88 Chevalier de Johnstone, p.159.
89 R A Cumberland 11/12.
90 When the Prince of Hesse arrived in Brussels and Hawley did not ‘wait on’ him, the prince sent to know if Hawley expected the first visit. Hawley replied: ‘He always expected that inferior officers should wait on their commanders, and not only that, but he gave his Highness but half an hour to consider of it’ (Walpole Correspondence, 19, p.206).
91 Marchmont Correspondence (Miscellany of the Scottish History Society V, 1933), p.343.
92 It is curious that Cumberland’s egregious treatment of the Prince of Hesse receives no mention in Speck’s, The Butcher. Perhaps the episode does not create quite the impression the author wants for his hero!
93 R A Cumberland 10/370; 11/297.
94 Tayler, Jacobite Miscellany (‘Elcho’s Diary’), pp.160–1.
95 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.130.
96 R A Stuart M 11, p.234. Cf. Walpole to Mann, 6 March 1746: ‘The rebellion has fetched breath’ (Walpole Correspondence, 19, p.221).
97 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.119.
98 R A Stuart M 11, pp.216–17; S P Scotland 29 No. 14.
99 R A Cumberland 11/234.
100 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.139.
101 R A Stuart M 11, p.217.
102 Fergusson, Argyll in the ’45, op.cit., p.142; Speck, The Butcher, p.123.
103 R A Cumberland 11/326.
104 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.121.
105 The problem with the prince’s lungs ‘was one of the great reasons of his staying so much at Inverness afterwards, to the great detriment of his affairs in other places’ (L M, ii, p.269).
106 R A Cumberland 11/315.
107 L M, ii, p.139.
108 M C P, v, p.7.
109 M C P, v, p.27.
110 L M, i, p.355; Murray, ‘Marches’, p.103.
111 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.91; L M, i, p.358.
112 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.128; Scots Magazine, 1746, p.144.
113 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.111; Fraser, Earls of Cromarty, p.390.
114 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.128; M C P, v, p.39.
115 M C P, v, pp.41–4.
116 M C P, v, pp.42–7; L M, ii, p.270.
117 L M, i, p.356.
118 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.107.
119 L M, ii, pp.91–2.
120 London Gazette, 29 March–1 April 1746.
121 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.142; Home’s History, p.204.
122 R A Cumberland 12/404.
123 S P Scotland 29 No.26; R A Cumberland 12/405; Elcho, p.404.
124 R A Cumberland 12/418.
125 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.110.
126 Elcho, p.404.
127 Tomasson, Jacobite General, p.198.
128 Ibid.
129 Elcho, p.406.
130 Ibid., pp.406–7.
131 Lord George Murray’s enemies later insinuated that he had not pressed the siege of Blair hard enough, for fear of damaging his brother’s property (Elcho, p.406). Cf. also R A Stuart M 11, p.238.
132 Atholl Correspondence, op.cit., p.214.
133 Cf. Walpole to Mann, 21 March 1746: ‘The Duke complains extremely of the loyal Scotch, says he can get no intelligence and reckons himself more in an enemy’s country than when he was warring with the French in Flanders’ (Walpole Correspondence, 19, p.228).
134 Walpole Correspondence, 19, pp.221–2.
135 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.110.
136 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.122.
137 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.145.
138 Daily Advertiser, 26 March 1746; L M, ii, p.214.
139 R A Stuart, M 11, pp.221–2.
140 R A Stuart M 11, pp.224–5.
141 Elcho, p.401.
142 R A Stuart M 11, pp.225–6.
143 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.125.
144 R A Cumberland 12/374,400.
145 L M, ii, pp.213 et seq.
146 Elcho, p.402.
147 R A Stuart M 11, p.228.
148 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.145; L M, ii, p.216.
149 R A Stuart M 11, p.229; L M, ii, p.217; Elcho, p.402.
150 R A Cumberland 13/312.
151 L M, ii, pp.91–2.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
1 Elcho, p.398.
2 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.137; Murray, ‘Marches’, p.106.
3 Warren to James, 9 May 1746, R A Stuart 274/60.
4 O’Sullivan, p.146.
5 A S V, Avignone, 111 f.24.
6 It is interesting that Charles Edward himself seems to have had a conscious glimmering of all this. When he got up against his doctor’s advice, he declared himself a firm believer in psychosomatic causation: ‘people were sick only when they believed themselves to be’ (O’Sullivan, p.146).
7 R A Stuart 274/60; M C P, v, p.46.
8 R A Cumberland 12/249.
9 Elcho, p.414.
10 Chevalier de Johnstone, p.70; Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.121; O’Sullivan, p.114.
11 L M, i, p.356; Scots Magazine, 1746, p.140.
12 L M, ii, p.270; Scots Magazine, 1746, p.183; Elcho, pp.412–13.
13 R A Cumberland 13/311; Elcho, p.398.
14 R A Stuart M 11, pp.235–6.
15 Elcho, p.398; Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.130.
16 R A Cumberland 12/362.
17 R A Cumberland 12/401.
18 R A Cumberland 12/438; Elcho, p.414.
19 Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden, i, p.51.
20 R A Cumberland 13/360.
21 Elcho, p.394.
22 R A Cumberland 12/328,360.
23 R A Cumberland 12/376–9.
24 O’Sullivan, pp.255–6.
25 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.135.
26 L M, i, p.350; ii, p.271; Daily Advertiser, 16 April 1746.
27 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.113; R A Cumberland 13/313.
28 R A Stuart M 11, pp.241–3.
29 L M, ii, pp.271–5.
30 Elcho, p.419.
31 L M, i, pp.86,260.
32 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.122.
33 Murray of Broughton’s efficiency can be gauged from the fact that, following his illness, his duties were divided between Sheridan (as the prince’s personal secretary) and Hay of Restalrig (as secretary to the army). Both Hay and Sheridan were disastrous failures.
34 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, pp.141–2.
35 R A Cumberland 13/326,366.
36 R A Stuart M 11, p.244.
37 R A Cumberland 13/351.
38 O’Sullivan, p.149.
39 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.136; Elcho, p.414.
40 R A Stuart M 11, p.244.
41 R A Cumberland 11/323.
42 Elcho, pp.417–18.
43 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.118.
44 R A Cumberland 13/355.
45 R A Stuart M 11, p.245.
46 L M, i, p.359.
47 L M, ii, p.273.
48 R A Cumberland 13/351.
49 Ibid.
50 R A Cumberland 13/371.
51 Blaikie, Origins, pp.159–60.
52 Speck, The Butcher, p.131.
53 O’Sullivan, pp.148–9.
54 Chevalier de Johnstone, p.170.
55 L M, ii, p.274; R A Cumberland 12/441.
56 R A Cumberland 13/360.
57 His own explanation to O’Heguerty is completely unconvincing, being a mere rehash of O’Sullivan’s arguments (R A Stuart M 11, p.248).
58 R A Stuart M 11, pp.248–9; L M, ii, p.275; Blaikie, Origins, p.415.
<
br /> 59 Scots Magazine, 1746, p.184.
60 R A Cumberland 13/387.
61 R A Stuart M 11, p.251.
62 Elcho, p.421; Spalding Club Miscellany I (1841), p.343.
63 R A Cumberland 13/294.
64 L M, i, p.66.
65 R A Cumberland 13/404.
66 Elcho, pp.422–3.
67 R A Stuart M 11, p.251.
68 Ibid., p.253.
69 L M, ii, p.275.
70 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
71 L M, ii, p.257.
72 R A Stuart M 11, p.258.
73 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
74 Ibid.
75 R A Stuart M 11, p.256.
76 L M, i, p.256.
77 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
78 Tomasson, Jacobite General, p.206.
79 L M, ii, p.275.
80 Tayler, Jacobite Miscellany (‘Elcho’s Diary’), p.162.
81 L M, i, p.360.
82 Elcho, p.427.
83 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
84 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
85 O’Sullivan, p.155.
86 Ibid., p.156.
87 Elcho, p.427.
88 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
89 L M, i, p.258.
90 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
91 Ibid.
92 L M, i, p.258.
93 L M, i, p.264.
94 L M, i, pp.258–9.
95 Ibid.
96 L M, ii, p.276.
97 Tomasson, Jacobite General, p.211.
98 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
99 O’Sullivan, p.157.
100 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
101 Ibid.
102 L M, i, p.260.
103 Speck, The Butcher, p.135.
104 According to Sir John MacDonald, Lord George rebuked him and O’Sullivan for the excessive noise their horses were making (Tayler, Jacobite Miscellany, p.66).
105 L M, i, p.260.
106 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
107 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
108 L M, i, p.67.
109 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
110 L M, ii, p.276.
111 Ibid., pp.276–7.
112 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
113 Ibid.
114 L M, ii, p.276.
115 R A Stuart M 11, p.262.
116 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
117 R A Stuart M 11, p.258.
118 L M, i, p.102.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
1 Tomasson, Jacobite General, p.217.
2 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
3 O’Sullivan, p.159.
4 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.123.
5 Elcho, p.429.
6 R A Stuart M 11, p.265.
7 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
8 Murray, ‘Marches’, p.123.
9 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
10 Elcho, p.428.
11 It is possible to speculate that Charles Edward’s morbid fear of being besieged was an overdetermined process, triggered both by the débâcle at Carlisle and by the childhood impression inculcated at Gaeta that he was always to be the besieger, never the besieged. The Gaeta experience would also help to explain the pointless insistence on besieging Stirling Castle.
12 Elcho, p.430.
13 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
14 Blaikie, Origins, p.lxviii.
15 Ibid., p.lxvix.
16 R A Stuart M 11, p.263.
17 L M, i, p.266.
18 Home’s History, p.368.
19 The prince admitted to O’Heguerty that for the first time ever, on the morning of 16 April, he regarded his affairs in an utterly hopeless light (R A Stuart M 11, p.265).
20 Tomasson and Buist, Battles of the ’45, op.cit., p.144.
21 R A Stuart M 11, pp.266–7.
22 L M, ii, p.277.
23 L P, ii, p.509.
24 R A Stuart M 11, pp.267–8.
25 O’Sullivan, p.160. The prince later claimed that he was forced to accede to Murray’s demand for the place of honour for fear of treachery if he refused (R A Stuart M 11, pp.268–9).
26 Tomasson and Buist, op.cit., p.148.
27 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
28 Tomasson and Buist, p.155.
29 Elcho, p.431.
30 R A Stuart M 11, p.270.
31 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
32 R A Stuart M 11, pp.271–2.
33 Tayler, Jacobite Epilogue, p.63.
34 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.151; Elcho, pp.431–2.
35 R A Stuart M 11, p.273.
36 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
37 S P Scotland 30 No.19.
38 S P Scotland 30 No.21.
39 Home’s History, p.229.
40 O’Sullivan, p.161.
41 Ibid., p.162.
42 R A Stuart M 11, p.271.
43 L M, ii, p.278.
44 L M, ii, p.225.
45 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
46 L M, ii, p.225.
47 Blaikie, Origins, p.239.
48 L M, i, p.362.
49 Tomasson and Buist, p.167.
50 S P Scotland 30, No.21.
51 Blaikie, Origins, p.418.
52 Tomasson and Buist, p.170.
53 Speck, The Butcher, p.143.
54 R A Stuart M 11, p.273.
55 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
56 Ibid.
57 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
58 Stowe MSS 158, ff.211–14.
59 John Prebble, Culloden (1961), pp.88–91.
60 Tomasson and Buist, p.175.
61 H M C, 10, i, p.443.
62 R A Stuart M 11, p.274.
63 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
64 Home’s History, p.233.
65 R A Stuart M 11, p.275; Home’s History, p.233.
66 S P Scotland 30 No.21.
67 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
68 Elcho, pp.432–3.
69 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
70 R A Stuart M 11, p.275.
71 Prebble, Culloden, pp.105–6.
72 H M C, 10, i, p.444.
73 R A Stuart M 11, p.277.
74 Home’s History, pp.234–5.
75 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
76 R A Stuart M 11, p.277.
77 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
78 O’Sullivan, p.164.
79 Blaikie, Origins (‘John Daniel’s account’), p.214.
80 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
81 Ibid.
82 O’Sullivan, p.164.
83 Ibid.
84 Elcho, p.434.
85 H M C, Laing, ii, p.367.
86 RA Stuart 307/173.
87 Blaikie, Origins, p.227.
88 Prebble, Culloden, pp.114–17.
89 Elcho, p.436.
90 L M, i, p.190.
91 Tomasson and Buist, pp.194–5.
92 O’Sullivan, p.167; Tayler, Jacobite Miscellany, p.185.
93 As Murray pointed out bitterly in his acrimonious letter to the prince on 17 April (see Tayler, Jacobite Epilogue, p.63).
94 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
95 R A Stuart M 11, p.276.
96 Tomasson and Buist, p.190.
97 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.151.
98 R A Stuart M 11, pp.264–5.
99 L M, ii, pp.278–9.
100 R A Stuart M 11, p.285.
101 Tomasson, Jacobite General, p.252.
102 R A Stuart 307/173.
103 Bruce A. Rosenberg, Custer and the Epic of Defeat (Pennsylvania, 1974), pp.1–2.
104 Blaikie, Origins, p.228.
105 Cordara, p.130; Elcho, p.436.
106 W. C. Mackenzie, Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat, op.cit., pp.330–1. Lovat at first urged the prince to fight on in the spirit of Robert the Bruce but could see no future in guerrilla warfare.
107 R A Cumberland 68/11.37.22.
108 Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.158.
109 L M, i, p.363; Spalding Club Miscellany I (1841), p.43.
110 Tomasson and Buist, p.204.
111 Tayler, Jacobite Epilogue, pp.63–4. Compton Mackenzie described Lord George’s letter as ‘contemptible’. The historian Bruce Lenman states (Jacobite Clans of the Great Glen, op.cit., p.164): ‘Alas it was mostly plain fact.’ Both views lack psychological subtlety. ‘Contemptible’ is not a helpful characterisation of a man’s actions in the heat of the moment. But equally, only Wallace Stevens’s ‘logical lunatic’ produces statements of ‘plain fact’ at such a traumatic moment.
112 Elcho, p.437.
113 Chevalier de Johnstone, p.148.
114 R A Stuart 273/117.
115 Chevalier de Johnstone, p.148; Tomasson, Jacobite General, p.251.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
1 Blaikie, Origini, p.228.
2 L M, i, p.68.
3 L P, ii, p.540.
4 L M, i, p.321; O’Sullivan, p.168.
5 L M, i, p.321.
6 L M, i, p.191.
7 R A Stuart 307/173.
8 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
9 L M, i, p.69.
10 L M, i, p.91.
11 L M, i, p.322.
12 Blaikie, Origins, p.229.
13 L M, iii, p.376.
14 O’Sullivan, p.169.
15 L M, i, pp.161–2.
16 L M, i, p.69.
17 Blaikie, Origins, p.230.
18 Browne, History of the Highlands, op.cit., iii, p.263; L M, i, pp.103,368.
19 Cordara, p.133; O’Sullivan, p.169.
20 O’Sullivan, p.172.
21 L M, i, p.163.
22 Add. MSS 34,526 f.66.
23 L M, i, p.163.
24 L M, i, p.104.
25 R A Stuart 280/19.
26 R A Stuart 307/173.
27 Tayler, Jacobite Miscellany, p.l 15.
28 R A Stuart M 11, p.296.
29 Add. MSS 34,526 f.66; O’Sullivan, p.175.
30 L M, i, p.165.
31 Add. MSS 34,526 f.67.
32 R A Stuart 307/173.
33 Ibid.
34 L M, i, p.69.
35 L M, i, p.304.
36 R A Stuart 307/173.
37 O’Sullivan, p.178.
38 Ibid.
39 L M, i, p.323.
40 R A Stuart M 11, pp.292–4.
41 O’Sullivan, p.173.
42 R A Stuart M 11, p.295.
43 Blaikie, Origins, p.233; L M, i, p.69.
44 Add. MSS 34,526 f.67.
45 O’Sullivan, p.179.
46 Tayler, Jacobite Miscellany, p.115; L M, i, p.166.
47 R A Stuart 307/173.
48 L M, i, p.193.
49 R A Cumberland 69/11.41.18.
50 R A Stuart 307/173; Add. MSS 34,526 f.68.
51 O’Sullivan, p.180; L M, i, p.167.
52 L M, i, pp.169,191.
53 Blaikie, Origins, p.234; O’Sullivan, p.180.
54 L M, i, p.325.
55 Charles Edward claimed to have preempted this possibility by stating that he had a large party of clansmen with him (R A Stuart 307/173).
Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) Page 80
