by Kahn, David
Zu M.Dv.96. Kenngruppenheft Nr. 2 zum Kurzsignalheft 1941. Berlin, 1941.
M.Dv.Nr.98. Kenngruppenbuch. Berlin, 1929, 1939, 1941.
[No separate M.Dv. number; belongs to M.Dv.98]. Schlüsselheft für Kenngruppen—Kennwort: Sturm. Berlin, 1939; —— Kennwort: Glanz. Berlin, 1939; Zuteilungsliste für Kenngruppen—Kennwort: Forelle. No date; —— Kennwort: Hering. No date.
M.Dv.Nr.103. Schlüsselheft Nr. 47 zum Werftschlüssel. Berlin, 1941.
M.Dv.Nr. 13 6. Geheimer Wetter- und Seeschlüssel der Kriegsmarine. Teil 3: Wettermeldungen für Handelsschiffe. (7. Ausgabe.) Berlin, 1941.
M.Dv.Nr. 150. Signalbuch der Kriegsmarine. Berlin, 1940.
M.Dv.Nr.212. Geheimer Wetter- und Seeschlüssel der Kriegsmarine. Berlin, 1938.
Zu M.Dv.Nr.212. Wettertauschtafeln. Berlin, 1938.
M.Dv.Nr.299. U-Boots-Kurzsignalheft. Berlin, 1940.
M.Dv.Nr.434. Sammelmappe für Schlüsselmittel. Berlin, 1939.
M.Dv.Nr.443. Wetterkurzschlüssel. (Ausgabe 1940.) Berlin, 1940; (2. Auflage.) Berlin, 1941; (3. Auflage.) Berlin, 1942.
M.Dv. Nr.929/1. Reservehandverfahren Offizier. Berlin, 1940.
M.Dv.949. Bestimmungen zur Wahrung der Schlüsselsicherheit bei Verlusten von Schlüsselmitteln. Berlin, 1943.
Unpublished Documents
The files listed here consist of ship’s logs, reports of proceedings, memoranda, war diaries, and reminiscences.
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, LONDON
DEFE 3 [solved and translated intercepts of German naval messages; dates as given in notes or text].
DEFE 2/142; ADM 1/8637/55; ADM 1/11133; ADM 1/14256; ADM 53/113712; ADM 53/113713; ADM 53/113714; ADM 53/114202; ADM 53/114203; ADM 53/114500; ADM 53/114501; ADM 53/114161; ADM 53/114624; ADM 53/114797; ADM 137/4156; ADM 137/4374; ADM 137/4388; ADM 137/4500; ADM 199/123; ADM 199/430; ADM 199/447; ADM 199/476; ADM 199/626; ADM 199/1080; ADM 199/1082; ADM 199/1083; ADM 199/1084; ADM 199/1085; ADM 199/1086; ADM 199/1091; ADM 199/1101; ADM 199/1942; ADM 199/1963; ADM 199/2047; ADM 199/2053; ADM 199/2057; ADM 199/2203; ADM 199/2227; ADM 199/2228; ADM 199/2060; ADM 205/10; ADM 223/2; ADM 223/3; ADM 223/6; ADM 223/78; ADM 223/191; BJ 5/288.
MILITäRARCHIV, FREIBURG-IM-BREISGAU
German naval files have a variety of signatures because the Militärarchiv is reclassifying them and because some were seen at the U.S. National Archives on microfilm, which retains the old PG numbers assigned by the Admiralty after World War II (“PG” is said to stand for “pinched from the Germans”).
Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine, 1. Seekriegsleitung, Kriegstagebuch.
Teil A. Dates as given in notes or text (cited as OKM, KTB).
Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote, Kriegstagebuch, dates as given in notes or text (cited as BdU, KTB).
Fasz. 5708 II 8–12; PG 15389; PG 30030; 30063; PG 30106; PG 30110; PG 30547; PG 30594; PG 30692; PG 30882; PG 33270; PG 34455F; PG 34456; PG 34466; PG 34529; PG 34530; PG 345345 PG 34814–PG 34837; PG 35185; PG 36742; PG 46635; PG 46656; PG 46676; PG 46853b; PG 46864; PG 46869; PG 46873; PG 46877; PG 46965; PG 46985; PG 47006; PG 47092; PG 47109; PG 47325; PG 47326; PG 47347; PG 47364; PG 48795; PG 48802; PG 48908; PG 49066; PG 64859; PG 78130; PG 80609; M/815/47218; M/815/47219; M/816/47264; M/816/47357; RM 7/85; RM 7/103–RM 7/108; RM 7/121; RM 7/127; RM 8/28; RM 8/47; RM 12 II/161; RM 20/306; RM 20/305; RM 47/V.259; RM 47/V.264; III M 1006/6; OKW 2228–OKW 2318; AOK [Armeeoberkommando] 2:19902/122; AOK 10:p1483/b; WK [Wehrkreis] VII/2530; WK XIII/69; WK XII/73; Sammlung Krug: MSg 109/2373.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES, WASHINGTON
Record group 24.
Deck log of U.S.S. Card, July 1–December 31, 1943.
Record group 457
SRGN 4 + number (solved and translated intercepts of German naval messages; dates or serial numbers as given in notes or text).
SRH–145; SRH-236; SRMN-030; SRMN-032; SRMN-033; SRMN-035; SRMN-038; SRMN-048; SRMN-049; SRMN-051; SRS-548.
OPERATIONAL ARCHIVES, NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER, WASHINGTON
[Sebald, William J] “The Reminiscences of Ambassador Wm. J. Sebald (Capt. USNR Ret.).” Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute, 1979.
[Smedberg, William R., III.] “The Reminiscences of Vice Admiral William R. Smedberg, III, U.S. Navy (Retired).” Annapolis: U. S. Naval Institute, 1979.
[Smith-Hutton, Henri.] “The Reminiscences of Captain Henri Smith-Hutton, U.S. Navy (Retired).” Annapolis: U. S. Naval Institute, 1976.
Task Forces 21.13–21.15. Box 105.
Folder Task Group 21.13. Action Report. Hunter/Killer Group Operations, Report of. December 5, 1943.
Folder Task Group 21.14. Action Report. Hunter/Killer Group Operations, Report of. November 9, 1943.
Tenth Fleet Files. Convoy and Routing Section. Folders for Convoys HX 155, ON 179, SC 127, ONS 4.
World War II Action Report. Commander Destroyer Division 52 (Commander Task Unit 4.1.7). Escort of Convoys HX 155 and ON 31, October 18–November 15, 1941, November 24, 1941.
World War II Action Report. Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Hunter-Killer Group Operations. September 25, 1943.
NAVAL HISTORICAL BRANCH, LONDON
[Godfrey, John H.] “The Naval Memoirs of J. H. Godfrey.” 8 vols., mimeographed. N.p., n.d.
Home Fleet Narrative. 1941.
BERLIN DOCUMENT CENTER
Hans-Thilo Schmidt, party no. 738736 (1.12.1931)
Rudolf Heimsoeth, party no. 3739694 (1.4.1936)
CHURCHILL COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE
Clarke Papers: CLKE 2, 3.
Denniston Papers: DENN 1/2, 1/3, 1/4.
MacLachlan-Beesly Papers: MLBE 1/5, 1/13, 2/8, 2/11, 2/14, 2/30, 3/25, 5/1.
INDEX
A
Abyssinia, invasion of, 100
Adcock, Frank, 117
Admiral Graf Spee (battleship), 232
Adolf Vinnen (weather ship), 175–176
AGNES machine, 116, 269–270
Aiken, John, 192
Alexander, Hugh O’Donel, 118–119, 167, 216, 220
Allgood, “Shorty,” 207
Altmark (supply ship), 233
Amerika (freighter), 297
Archer, Philip E., 221
Arrow (destroyer), 136–137
Asdic (sound-ranging system), 4
Aslett, A. R., 158
Athenia (passenger ship), 10
Atlantic Charter, 223
Aubretia (corvette), 15, 192, 195–196
Augsburg (ship), 18–19
AVA Radio Manufacturing Company, 80–81
Axon, Alice, 267
B
Babbage, Dennis, 134
Bacon, Allon, 202, 210–211
Bainbridge (ship), 224
Baker-Cresswell, A. J. (Joe), 1, 7–9, 14–16, 189–192
Balme, David E., 192–193, 195–196
“Banburismus,” 166–168
Barham (battleship), 10
Bartelmez, Erminnie, 281
Battle of El Alamein, 259
Battle of Jutland, 101
Battle of the Dogger Bank, 31–32
Battle of Trafalgar, 217–218
Bayes, Thomas, 167
B-Dienst, 49–50, 240–241
Becker, Johannes, 126
Bedouin (ship), 207–208
Bedrov, Mikhail A., 24
Beesly, Patrick, 265
Beleben (ship), 235
Belgian Sailor (ship), 287
Benckendorff, Count Constantine, 24
Bender, Walther, 17, 21, 23
Bengore (ship), 15
Bertrand, Gustave, 64–72, 87–88, 92–94, 106
Bigram table, 334
Birch, Frank, 29–30, 118
Birmingham (cruiser), 136
Bismarck (battleship), 234–235
BLACKBIRD, 301
Bletchley Park, 5, 103
Blohm & Voss company, 255
Blunt, Anthony, 140
Bogue (carrier), 313
Bombe technique, 110–116, 270–275
Braquenié, Henri, 90
B
raun, Kurt, 200, 208
Braune, Martin, 34
Bress, Egon, 51–52
Brett-Smith, Hilary, 163
Bridgeman, C. E., 297–298
British Chemist (ship), 223, 225
British Tabulating Machine Company, 115–116, 270
Broadway (ship), 16, 190–192
Brown, Tommy, 263–264
Bruford, W.H., 138
Bulldog (destroyer), 1, 7–8, 189–198
Burgess, Guy, 140
Burrough, H. M., 203, 205–206
C
Canaris, Wilhelm, 51
Cape Farewell, 224
Cape of Good Hope, 255, 259
Card (carrier), 315–321
Casablanca conference, 288
Caslon, Clifford, 152, 154–156, 159–160
CCM. See Combined Cipher Machine
Chamberlain, Neville, 107
Château des Fouzes, 134
Chiffrierabteilung, 240
ChiStelle, 67
Christiensen, Rolf, 275
Churchill, Winston, 44–45, 173, 214–220, 328–329
Ciȩzski, Maksymilian, 60, 63–64, 71, 75–77, 90. See also Rejewski, Marian
“Cillies,” 131–132
Ciphers. See also Key(s)
Dockyard Cipher, 48, 138–139, 168–169
FRANKFURT, 246
Home Waters, 250
Naval (British), 246
PURPLE, 275–276
Radio Cipher H, 48, 138
Short Signal, 337
Short Weather Cipher, 48, 177–179, 264, 337
TRITON, 216
weather, 220–222
Citadel, 171–172
City of Bath (ship), 223
Civil war, in Spain, 100
Clarke, Joan, 162
Clarke, William F. (Nobby), 97
Clayton, John W. (Jock), 102, 141–142, 145–147
Code A, 48
Codebook, from Magdeburg, 23–28
Codebreaking
emphasis on linguistic, 77–78
in France, 64–72
German, 245–248
participants in, 57
in Poland, 57–64
by United States, 275–285
Cod oil, 152
Combined Cipher Machine, 280
Commercial codes, 40
Connel, G. Gordon, 262
Convoy contact reports, 230
Convoy HX 155, 222–225
Convoy HX 229, 288
Convoy HX 234, 292, 294
Convoy OB 318, 1, 2–3, 7–16
Convoy SC 122, 288
Convoy SC 127, 288–301
Cormier, Richard L., 316–317
Coulberg (ship), 225
“Crab,” 131
“Crash,” 131
Crawley Grange, 270
Currier, Prescott, 276
Curzon, Earl, 96
Cyclometer, 84–85
D
DAN station, 268
Dejean, Maurice, 65
Denning, Norman, 101–102
Denniston, Alastair, 25–26, 27, 90, 107
DIANA, 228
Direction-finding, 250–252
Dockyard Cipher, 48, 138–139, 168–169
Dogger Bank, Battle of the, 31–32
DOLPHIN, 305
Dönitz, Karl, 8, 9–10, 13–14, 55, 122, 227, 237–240, 303–306
D’Oyly-Hughes, Guy, 142–145
Dresky, Hans von, 121–125
Dryden, J. C.T., 109
Dulverton (ship), 261, 264
Dundas (ship), 291
Dunderdale, Wilfred, 70
Dunlice Castle (ship), 212
Durrell, Henry, 206
E
Eachus, Joseph, 278
Eastern Star (ship), 9
ECM. See Electric Cipher Machine
Edwards, Ralph, 182–183
Egerland (supply ship), 235
El Alamein, Battle of, 259
Electric Cipher Machine, 280
Emden (cruiser), 121
Empire Franklin (ship), 287, 291
Engstrom, Howard, 279
Enigma
adoption of, 45–48
B-Dienst and, 49–50
belief in, 12
Ciȩzski and, 63–64
convoy contact reports, 230
current in, 339
cyclometer and, 84–85
faith in, 307, 326–327
fears over, 234–236
G.C.&C.S. and, 5
high traffic volume dangers, 243–244
inner settings, 331
invention of, 35–36
Italian use of, 100
key determination, 331–332
key in, 37–38, 54
Korn and, 42–43
message types, 230
M4 model, 244–245
MS device and, 242–243
operation of, 5
outer settings, 331
patent, 338
procedure for, 227–231, 331–340
proliferation of, 48
radio cipher conversation, 230
reciprocal substitutions in, 115
reflector in, 42–43
rejection of, 38
Rejewski and, 72–77
rod method and, 100–101
safeguards, 241
security of, 233–234
short transmissions, 230
Stummel and, 307
successes against, 5–6
superimposition and, 46
ULTRA and, 321–329
weak points in, 131–132
worksheet, 332–333
Zygalski sheets and, 85–86, 90
Enigma keys
capturing of Polares and, 137
determination of, 331–332
in Enigma machine, 37–38, 54
NEPTUN, 244
permutations and, 79
RED, 133-134, 135–136
Rejewski and, 80–81
SHARK, 265–266
TRITON, 239
from Warmington, 161
Enigma rotors
addition of, 89–90
“banburismus” method and, 166–168
in bombe technique, 112–116
in Enigma machine, 36–38, 49–50
Polish work with, 81–82
setting choices, 241
thin, 244
from U-33, 128–129
Entscheidungsproblem, 108
Erebus (ship), 149
Escort Group 3, 7
Escort Group 7, 3–4
Esmond (ship), 6
Esso Hamburg (ship), 235
Ettinghausen, A. A. Ernest E., 274
Europa (ship), 304
Ewing, Sir Alfred, 25, 27
F
FALCON, 305
Fasson, Antony, 258–259, 262
Festung (ship), 304
Fetterlein, E. C, 99
Figl, Andreas, 43
Fisher, Sir John, 43–44
Fleming, Ian, 145–147
Flowerdown installation, 267
FLUSS substitution book, 238
Food rationing, 288
Forster, Leonard, 119–120, 273–274, 329–330
Fort Howe (ship), 287
France, cryptology in, 64–72
Franco, Francisco, 100
FRANKFURT cipher, 246
French Colonial Office, 229
Fricke, Kurt, 235–236
G
Galibin, Lieutenant, 23
Gayhurst Manor, 270
G.C.&C.S. See Government Code and Cypher School (G.C.&C.S.)
Gedania (tanker), 235
Gewald, Hinrich, 200–202, 209
Gleaner (minesweeper), 124–128
Glorious (aircraft carrier), 142–145
Gneisenau (ship), 142–145, 248
Gödel, Kurt, 107
Godfrey, John H., 146, 164
Goebbels, Joseph, 291
Golombek, Harry, 163
Gonzenheim (scout), 235
Good, Irving Joh
n, 162
Good Neighbor policy, 295
Government Code and Cypher School (G.C.&C.S.), 5
Alexander and, 220
Brett-Smith and, 163
Churchill and, 215–217
Clarke and, 97
Dockyard Cipher and, 138–139
expansion of, 116–117
founding of, 95–96
Germany, failures against, 99
Glorious incident and, 142–145
Good and, 162
Hinsley and, 140–142
Hut 3, 118
Hut 4, 117
Hut 8, 117
improvements at, 217–219
OIC and, 141–142
reorganization of, 97
Sinclair and, 96, 102–103
Spain and, 101–102
Turing and, 107–117
women in, 163–164, 271
Wylie and, 161–162
Grazier, Colin, 262–263
Grey, Nigel de, 117, 219
Griffin (ship), 136–137
H
Habenicht, Richard, 19, 21–23
Haines, Jasper, 144–145, 182–183
Hall, Richard A., 173, 290
Handelsschiffsverkehrsbuch code, 26–27, 31
Hannah Böge (ship), 151
Harper-Gow, Leonard M., 157–158
Heidtmann, Hans, 255–257, 260–261
Heimsoeth & Rinke company, 243
Heinrich of Prussia, Prince, 30–31
Herivel, John, 132–133, 215
Herodas, 98
Hessen (battleship), 50–51
High traffic volume dangers, 243–244
Hinrich Freese (ship), 176
Hinsley, Francis Harry, 140–142, 181, 274
Hitler, Adolf, 328–329
Holland, Lancelot E., 183–184
Home Waters cipher, 250
Horton, Sir Max, 172
HUBERTUS, 228
HX 155 convoy, 222–225
HX 220 convoy, 288
HX 234 convoy, 292, 294
I
I.B.M. (International Business Machines), 275
Indicator letters, 85–86
Indicators book, 334
Ink, water-soluble, 53–54
“Inner settings,” 331
International Meteorological Code, 220
Isbell, Arnold J. (Buster), 315, 317, 320–321
Italy, invasion of Abyssinia by, 100
Ixion (steamer), 3
J
James, William, 101
Japanese diplomatic cipher, 275–276
Jeffreys, John R. F., 109
Jeffreys sheets, 114–115
