Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1933-1945

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Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1933-1945 Page 41

by Kahn, David

Jutland, Battle of, 101

  K

  Kapfinger, Hans, 154, 158

  Keen, Harold (Doc), 115–116

  Keilhaven (ship), 287

  Kelly, Thomas R., 206, 208, 211

  Kemp, Peter, 169–171, 223

  Kennedy, Ludvic, 206–207

  Key(s). See also Ciphers

  caputring of Polates and, 137

  determination of, 331–332

  in Enigma machine, 37–38, 54

  NEPTUN, 244

  permutations and, 79

  RED, 133–134, 135–136

  Rejewski and, 80–81

  SHARK, 265–266

  TRITON, 239

  from Warmington, 161

  Kienhert, Radioman 3rd Class, 22

  King, Ernest J., 283

  King George V (battleship), 276

  “Kisses,” 168–169

  Klarman, Georg, 200, 208

  Knowles, Kenneth A., 283, 285

  Knox, Alfred Dillwyn, 29–30, 77, 92, 98–99

  Konski & Krüger company, 243

  Korn, Willi, 42–43

  Kowalewski, Jan, 58–59

  Kraul, Otto, 176

  Krebs (ship), 154–160

  Kühne, Helmut, 227–228

  Kumpf, Fritz, 127

  Kunert, Radioman, 52–53

  L

  Lacroix, K., 263–264

  La Guardia, Fiorello, 295

  Lamoricière (ship), 135

  Langer, Gwido, 71, 92–94

  Lauenburg (weather ship), 199–212

  Legal contradiction, 273

  Lejtenant Burakov (torpedo boat), 23

  Lemcke, Wilhelm, 231–232

  Lemoine, Rodolphe, 66–69,135

  Lemp, Fritz-Julius, 10–16, 189–198

  Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 259

  Lever, Mavis, 163–164

  Linguistics, overemphasis on, 77–78

  LLA-bar station, 268

  “Lobster,” 131

  Loehnis, Clive, 182

  Lofoten Islands, 153

  London (cruiser), 235

  Long, Allen O., 195

  Low, M. G., 184

  Lucan, Henno, 49, 240

  M

  Macfarlane, Kenneth, 106

  Maclean, Donald, 140

  Maertens, Eberhard, 234, 304–305

  Magdeburg (ship)

  assignment of, 18

  Augsburg and, 18–19

  background of, 17

  codebook of, 23–28

  codebooks aboard, 342–343

  denial of, 32–33

  investigation of, 30–32

  scuttling of, 21–23

  stranding of, 20, 21

  Manchester (ship), 183–184

  Margarita Chandris (ship), 223, 225

  Masanek, Ernst, 127

  Mathematical cryptanalysis, 77

  Mathematics, Turing in, 108

  Mayer, Stefan, 71

  McMahan, Knight, 282, 308

  McNutt, Paul V., 295

  McVittie, George, 220

  Meckel, Hans, 227

  Mediterranean Enigma, 250

  Meeting points, 237–238

  Menzies, Stewart, 94, 216

  Mersey River, 3

  Message types, 230

  Michalowski, Wiktor, 60

  “Milch cows,” 311–322

  Miller, E. C., 28

  Milner-Barry, Stuart, 119, 216, 218, 270

  Mimosa (ship), 287

  Mitchell, Marjory, 271–272

  M4 model, 244–245

  Mohr, Adrian, 200

  Morris, Christopher, 168–169

  Moulin Rouge, 87

  Mountbatten, Louis, 16

  MS device, 242–243

  Muggeridge, Malcolm, 165

  München (ship), 177, 179–181, 184–187

  Munich pact, 109

  Mussolini, Benito, 100

  N

  National Cash Register Company, 280

  Naval Code, 246

  Naval Cypher, 246

  NEPTUN key net, 244

  Nestor (ship), 183–184

  Neuhaus, Radionman 2nd Class, 22

  Neumann, Hans-Werner, 314

  Nigeria (destroyer), 205–206, 208–209

  Noble, Sir Percy, 7

  Norgaard, Rollo N., 296

  North Atlantic Drift, 179

  O

  OB 318 convoy, 1, 2–3, 7–16

  Official Secrets Act, 272

  O’Hagan, James H., Jr., 319

  Olff, Lieutenant, 22

  Oliver, H. E, 25

  Olympia typewriter company, 243

  One-time pad, 99

  Operational Intelligence Centre, 5–6, 102, 141–142, 171–172

  Operation SEALION, 176

  Ostmark (weather ship), 179

  Outer settings, 331

  P

  Paillole, Paul, 87

  Pakenham (ship), 260

  Palluth, Antoni, 61–62

  Parramatta (warship), 256

  Parsons, John E., 284

  Partial solutions, 243

  Patent, for Enigma, 338

  Paulson, Arne S., 316

  Payne, Diane, 271, 272

  Pearl Harbor, 277

  Pendergrass, James T., 281

  Permutations, keys and, 79

  Petard (destroyer), 257–266

  Philby, Kim, 140

  Picotee (ship), 287

  Pilsudski, Jozef, 59

  Plugboard, 47, 82–83

  Pokorny, Franciszek, 60

  Poland

  codebreaking in, 57–64

  importance of, 327–328

  invasion of, 105

  Schleswig-Holstein and, 103

  surrender of, 106

  Polares (ship), 136–137

  Polar front, 179

  Port Said, 257

  Pound, Sir Dudley, 214

  Price, Hugh P., 125

  Prien, Günther, 123, 232

  Prinz Eugen (cruiser), 234–235, 248

  Probable word technique, 110–111

  PURPLE cipher, 275–276

  Q

  Quadrants, 237–238

  Queen Elizabeth (ocean liner), 123

  Queen Mary (ocean liner), 123

  Quine, Willard Van Orman, 282–283

  R

  Radar, for submarine detection, 4

  Radio cipher conversation, 230

  Radio Cipher H, 48, 138

  Radio intelligence, for U-boats, 4

  Radioman, on U-boat, 229

  Rationing, 288

  Rebelein, Fritz, 180–181

  REBEL task force, 153–154

  Reciprocal substitutions, 115

  RED key, 133–134, 135–136

  Reflector, in Enigma, 42–43

  Rejewski, Marian

  background of, 62–63

  escape from Poland, 105

  first cracking by, 72–77

  in French occupation, 135

  indicators and, 85–86

  keys and, 80–81

  rotors and, 81–82

  REX. See Lemoine, Rodolphe

  Rochester (sloop), 9

  Roddam, Olive, 98

  Rod method, 100–101

  Romania, codebreakers escape to, 105–106

  Rommel, Erwin, 216

  Room 40, 27

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 223

  Roosevelt, James, 2

  Rosen, Leo, 276

  Rotors

  addition of, 89–90

  “banburismus” method and, 166–168

  in bombe technique, 112–116

  in Enigma machine, 36–38, 49–50

  Polish work with, 81–82

  setting choices, 241

  thin, 244

  from U-33, 128–129

  Rotter, J. E., 26, 27

  Rottmann, Heinz, 121, 126–127

  Royal Oak (ship), 123, 232

  Rôzycki, Jerzy, 80–82, 135

  Ruckhaber, Dr., 48

  S

  Sachsen (ship), 176

  Safeguar
ds, 241

  Salamis, 256

  Sallenger, Asbury H., 318–319

  Sandwith, Humphrey, 92

  Saunders, M. G., 102

  SC 127 convoy, 288–301

  Schaerf, Henry, 62

  Scharnhorst (ship), 142–145, 248

  Schendel, Rudolf, 279

  Scherbius, Arthur, 35–36, 39–40, 47

  Schleswig-Holstein (ship), 103

  Schmaland, Radioman 1st Class, 52–53

  Schmidt, Hans-Thilo, 65–68

  Schmidt, Rudolf, 46, 66–67, 86–87

  Schnee, Adalbert, 14

  Scuttling, of Magdeburg, 21–23

  SEALION operation, 176

  Section D, 65

  Section d’Examen, 106

  Seefalke (ship), 232

  SHARK key, 265–266

  Short Signal Cipher, 337

  Short transmissions, 230

  Short Weather Cipher, 48, 177–179, 264, 337

  Signal Security Detachments, 275

  “Sillies,” 131–132

  Sinclair, Hugh (Quex), 95–97, 102–103

  Sinkings, due to U-boats, 6, 288–289

  Skipwith, Lionel P., 203–208, 210–212

  Smirnov, Mikhail I., 24

  Smith-Hutton, Henri H., 285

  Somali (destroyer), 150–160

  Spanish civil war, 100

  SPITFIRE bombe, 271

  Stallmann, Rudolf. See Lemoine, Rodolphe

  Stapler, Charles R., 319–320

  Star of Suez (ship), 279

  Stein, Karl, 240

  Stewart, Mortimer, 275

  Strachey, Lytton, 29, 95

  Strait of Gibraltar, 256

  Stuart-Menteth, Henry A., 155

  Stummel, Ludwig, 233, 240, 306–307

  Submarines, German

  addressing of, 237

  Asdic system for, 4

  attitudes towards, 122

  convoy contact reports, 230

  direction-finding for, 250–252

  losses to, 213

  meeting points, 237–238

  message types, 230

  radar for, 4

  radio cipher conversation, 230

  radio intelligence for, 4

  radioman on, 229

  sending messages to, 227–231

  short transmissions, 230

  sinkings due to, 6, 288–289

  tankers, 311–322

  ULTRA and, 321–329

  Substitution book FLUSS, 238

  Suez Canal, 255, 259

  Sunfish (submarine), 153

  Superimposition, 46

  Szillat, Radioman 2nd Class, 22

  T

  Tankers, 311–322

  Tartar (destroyer), 203–212

  Task Unit 4.1.7, 222–225

  “Teleprincesses,” 274

  Theseus (ship), 24

  Thin rotors, 244

  Thornton, Mark, 258–262, 264

  Thring, Ernest W. C, 170–171

  TINA transmitter identification, 269

  Tirpitz (battleship), 248

  TITMOUSE, 292

  Trade Movements Section, 290

  Trafalgar, Battle of, 217–218

  Traffic pattern analysis, 114–115

  Traffic volume dangers, 243–244

  Tranow, Wilhelm, 245–248

  Transatlantic convoy system, 2–3

  Transmitter identification TINA, 269

  Travis, Edward, 115–116, 215

  Tribal class destroyers, 150–151

  TRITON cipher, 216

  Tukhachevsky, Mikhail N., 58

  Turing, Alan, 107–117, 162, 216

  Türkel, Siegfried, 43

  Twinn, Peter, 109

  U

  U-boats

  addressing of, 237

  Asdic system for, 4

  attitudes towards, 122

  convoy contact reports, 230

  direction-finding for, 250–252

  losses to, 213

  meeting points, 237–238

  message types, 230

  radar for, 4

  radio cipher conversation, 230

  radio intelligence for, 4

  radioman on, 229

  sending messages to, 227–231

  short transmissions, 230

  sinkings due to, 6, 288–289

  tankers, 311–322

  ULTRA and, 321–329

  ULTRA, 321–329

  United States, 275–285

  U-30 submarine, 10

  U-33 submarine, 121–129, 233

  U-47 submarine, 232

  U-66 submarine, 314–322

  U-94 submarine, 8–9

  U-110 submarine, 1, 10–16, 189–198

  U-117 submarine, 314–315, 317–318

  U-306 submarine, 297

  U-559 submarine, 255–266

  U-570 submarine, 239–240

  V

  Van den Donker, W, 291

  Vietor, Karl, 127

  Vitamin A, 152

  V-weapons, 325

  W

  Warmington, Marshall George Clitheroe, 149–160, 184–186

  Water-soluble ink, 53–54

  Wavendon Manor, 270

  WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), 280–282

  Weather cipher, 220–222

  Weather information, 175–183

  Weeks, Robert, 276

  Welchman, Gordon, 113–116, 132–133, 215–217

  Wiggeshof, Heinrich, 180–181, 184–185

  Wilde, Heinz, 12–13, 189–190

  Wileman, Claude, 194

  Wilson, H.J., 146

  Wilson, Hugh R, 209–211

  Winn, Rodger, 171–173, 223

  Women

  as bombe tenders, 271

  in direction-finding tracking, 251

  at GC&CS, 163–164

  in WAVES, 280–282

  Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), 280–282

  Women’s Reserve Naval Service, 251, 271

  WOODPECKER, 296–297, 300

  Worksheet, Enigma, 332–333

  World Crisis, The (Churchill), 44–45

  Wrens, 251, 271

  Wylie, Shaun, 161–162, 265

  Z

  Zimmermann telegram, 117

  Zygalski, Henryk, 80–82, 85–86

  Zygalski sheets, 85–86, 90

 

 

 


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