Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1933-1945
Page 41
Jutland, Battle of, 101
K
Kapfinger, Hans, 154, 158
Keen, Harold (Doc), 115–116
Keilhaven (ship), 287
Kelly, Thomas R., 206, 208, 211
Kemp, Peter, 169–171, 223
Kennedy, Ludvic, 206–207
Key(s). See also Ciphers
caputring of Polates and, 137
determination of, 331–332
in Enigma machine, 37–38, 54
NEPTUN, 244
permutations and, 79
RED, 133–134, 135–136
Rejewski and, 80–81
SHARK, 265–266
TRITON, 239
from Warmington, 161
Kienhert, Radioman 3rd Class, 22
King, Ernest J., 283
King George V (battleship), 276
“Kisses,” 168–169
Klarman, Georg, 200, 208
Knowles, Kenneth A., 283, 285
Knox, Alfred Dillwyn, 29–30, 77, 92, 98–99
Konski & Krüger company, 243
Korn, Willi, 42–43
Kowalewski, Jan, 58–59
Kraul, Otto, 176
Krebs (ship), 154–160
Kühne, Helmut, 227–228
Kumpf, Fritz, 127
Kunert, Radioman, 52–53
L
Lacroix, K., 263–264
La Guardia, Fiorello, 295
Lamoricière (ship), 135
Langer, Gwido, 71, 92–94
Lauenburg (weather ship), 199–212
Legal contradiction, 273
Lejtenant Burakov (torpedo boat), 23
Lemcke, Wilhelm, 231–232
Lemoine, Rodolphe, 66–69,135
Lemp, Fritz-Julius, 10–16, 189–198
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 259
Lever, Mavis, 163–164
Linguistics, overemphasis on, 77–78
LLA-bar station, 268
“Lobster,” 131
Loehnis, Clive, 182
Lofoten Islands, 153
London (cruiser), 235
Long, Allen O., 195
Low, M. G., 184
Lucan, Henno, 49, 240
M
Macfarlane, Kenneth, 106
Maclean, Donald, 140
Maertens, Eberhard, 234, 304–305
Magdeburg (ship)
assignment of, 18
Augsburg and, 18–19
background of, 17
codebook of, 23–28
codebooks aboard, 342–343
denial of, 32–33
investigation of, 30–32
scuttling of, 21–23
stranding of, 20, 21
Manchester (ship), 183–184
Margarita Chandris (ship), 223, 225
Masanek, Ernst, 127
Mathematical cryptanalysis, 77
Mathematics, Turing in, 108
Mayer, Stefan, 71
McMahan, Knight, 282, 308
McNutt, Paul V., 295
McVittie, George, 220
Meckel, Hans, 227
Mediterranean Enigma, 250
Meeting points, 237–238
Menzies, Stewart, 94, 216
Mersey River, 3
Message types, 230
Michalowski, Wiktor, 60
“Milch cows,” 311–322
Miller, E. C., 28
Milner-Barry, Stuart, 119, 216, 218, 270
Mimosa (ship), 287
Mitchell, Marjory, 271–272
M4 model, 244–245
Mohr, Adrian, 200
Morris, Christopher, 168–169
Moulin Rouge, 87
Mountbatten, Louis, 16
MS device, 242–243
Muggeridge, Malcolm, 165
München (ship), 177, 179–181, 184–187
Munich pact, 109
Mussolini, Benito, 100
N
National Cash Register Company, 280
Naval Code, 246
Naval Cypher, 246
NEPTUN key net, 244
Nestor (ship), 183–184
Neuhaus, Radionman 2nd Class, 22
Neumann, Hans-Werner, 314
Nigeria (destroyer), 205–206, 208–209
Noble, Sir Percy, 7
Norgaard, Rollo N., 296
North Atlantic Drift, 179
O
OB 318 convoy, 1, 2–3, 7–16
Official Secrets Act, 272
O’Hagan, James H., Jr., 319
Olff, Lieutenant, 22
Oliver, H. E, 25
Olympia typewriter company, 243
One-time pad, 99
Operational Intelligence Centre, 5–6, 102, 141–142, 171–172
Operation SEALION, 176
Ostmark (weather ship), 179
Outer settings, 331
P
Paillole, Paul, 87
Pakenham (ship), 260
Palluth, Antoni, 61–62
Parramatta (warship), 256
Parsons, John E., 284
Partial solutions, 243
Patent, for Enigma, 338
Paulson, Arne S., 316
Payne, Diane, 271, 272
Pearl Harbor, 277
Pendergrass, James T., 281
Permutations, keys and, 79
Petard (destroyer), 257–266
Philby, Kim, 140
Picotee (ship), 287
Pilsudski, Jozef, 59
Plugboard, 47, 82–83
Pokorny, Franciszek, 60
Poland
codebreaking in, 57–64
importance of, 327–328
invasion of, 105
Schleswig-Holstein and, 103
surrender of, 106
Polares (ship), 136–137
Polar front, 179
Port Said, 257
Pound, Sir Dudley, 214
Price, Hugh P., 125
Prien, Günther, 123, 232
Prinz Eugen (cruiser), 234–235, 248
Probable word technique, 110–111
PURPLE cipher, 275–276
Q
Quadrants, 237–238
Queen Elizabeth (ocean liner), 123
Queen Mary (ocean liner), 123
Quine, Willard Van Orman, 282–283
R
Radar, for submarine detection, 4
Radio cipher conversation, 230
Radio Cipher H, 48, 138
Radio intelligence, for U-boats, 4
Radioman, on U-boat, 229
Rationing, 288
Rebelein, Fritz, 180–181
REBEL task force, 153–154
Reciprocal substitutions, 115
RED key, 133–134, 135–136
Reflector, in Enigma, 42–43
Rejewski, Marian
background of, 62–63
escape from Poland, 105
first cracking by, 72–77
in French occupation, 135
indicators and, 85–86
keys and, 80–81
rotors and, 81–82
REX. See Lemoine, Rodolphe
Rochester (sloop), 9
Roddam, Olive, 98
Rod method, 100–101
Romania, codebreakers escape to, 105–106
Rommel, Erwin, 216
Room 40, 27
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 223
Roosevelt, James, 2
Rosen, Leo, 276
Rotors
addition of, 89–90
“banburismus” method and, 166–168
in bombe technique, 112–116
in Enigma machine, 36–38, 49–50
Polish work with, 81–82
setting choices, 241
thin, 244
from U-33, 128–129
Rotter, J. E., 26, 27
Rottmann, Heinz, 121, 126–127
Royal Oak (ship), 123, 232
Rôzycki, Jerzy, 80–82, 135
Ruckhaber, Dr., 48
S
Sachsen (ship), 176
Safeguar
ds, 241
Salamis, 256
Sallenger, Asbury H., 318–319
Sandwith, Humphrey, 92
Saunders, M. G., 102
SC 127 convoy, 288–301
Schaerf, Henry, 62
Scharnhorst (ship), 142–145, 248
Schendel, Rudolf, 279
Scherbius, Arthur, 35–36, 39–40, 47
Schleswig-Holstein (ship), 103
Schmaland, Radioman 1st Class, 52–53
Schmidt, Hans-Thilo, 65–68
Schmidt, Rudolf, 46, 66–67, 86–87
Schnee, Adalbert, 14
Scuttling, of Magdeburg, 21–23
SEALION operation, 176
Section D, 65
Section d’Examen, 106
Seefalke (ship), 232
SHARK key, 265–266
Short Signal Cipher, 337
Short transmissions, 230
Short Weather Cipher, 48, 177–179, 264, 337
Signal Security Detachments, 275
“Sillies,” 131–132
Sinclair, Hugh (Quex), 95–97, 102–103
Sinkings, due to U-boats, 6, 288–289
Skipwith, Lionel P., 203–208, 210–212
Smirnov, Mikhail I., 24
Smith-Hutton, Henri H., 285
Somali (destroyer), 150–160
Spanish civil war, 100
SPITFIRE bombe, 271
Stallmann, Rudolf. See Lemoine, Rodolphe
Stapler, Charles R., 319–320
Star of Suez (ship), 279
Stein, Karl, 240
Stewart, Mortimer, 275
Strachey, Lytton, 29, 95
Strait of Gibraltar, 256
Stuart-Menteth, Henry A., 155
Stummel, Ludwig, 233, 240, 306–307
Submarines, German
addressing of, 237
Asdic system for, 4
attitudes towards, 122
convoy contact reports, 230
direction-finding for, 250–252
losses to, 213
meeting points, 237–238
message types, 230
radar for, 4
radio cipher conversation, 230
radio intelligence for, 4
radioman on, 229
sending messages to, 227–231
short transmissions, 230
sinkings due to, 6, 288–289
tankers, 311–322
ULTRA and, 321–329
Substitution book FLUSS, 238
Suez Canal, 255, 259
Sunfish (submarine), 153
Superimposition, 46
Szillat, Radioman 2nd Class, 22
T
Tankers, 311–322
Tartar (destroyer), 203–212
Task Unit 4.1.7, 222–225
“Teleprincesses,” 274
Theseus (ship), 24
Thin rotors, 244
Thornton, Mark, 258–262, 264
Thring, Ernest W. C, 170–171
TINA transmitter identification, 269
Tirpitz (battleship), 248
TITMOUSE, 292
Trade Movements Section, 290
Trafalgar, Battle of, 217–218
Traffic pattern analysis, 114–115
Traffic volume dangers, 243–244
Tranow, Wilhelm, 245–248
Transatlantic convoy system, 2–3
Transmitter identification TINA, 269
Travis, Edward, 115–116, 215
Tribal class destroyers, 150–151
TRITON cipher, 216
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail N., 58
Turing, Alan, 107–117, 162, 216
Türkel, Siegfried, 43
Twinn, Peter, 109
U
U-boats
addressing of, 237
Asdic system for, 4
attitudes towards, 122
convoy contact reports, 230
direction-finding for, 250–252
losses to, 213
meeting points, 237–238
message types, 230
radar for, 4
radio cipher conversation, 230
radio intelligence for, 4
radioman on, 229
sending messages to, 227–231
short transmissions, 230
sinkings due to, 6, 288–289
tankers, 311–322
ULTRA and, 321–329
ULTRA, 321–329
United States, 275–285
U-30 submarine, 10
U-33 submarine, 121–129, 233
U-47 submarine, 232
U-66 submarine, 314–322
U-94 submarine, 8–9
U-110 submarine, 1, 10–16, 189–198
U-117 submarine, 314–315, 317–318
U-306 submarine, 297
U-559 submarine, 255–266
U-570 submarine, 239–240
V
Van den Donker, W, 291
Vietor, Karl, 127
Vitamin A, 152
V-weapons, 325
W
Warmington, Marshall George Clitheroe, 149–160, 184–186
Water-soluble ink, 53–54
Wavendon Manor, 270
WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), 280–282
Weather cipher, 220–222
Weather information, 175–183
Weeks, Robert, 276
Welchman, Gordon, 113–116, 132–133, 215–217
Wiggeshof, Heinrich, 180–181, 184–185
Wilde, Heinz, 12–13, 189–190
Wileman, Claude, 194
Wilson, H.J., 146
Wilson, Hugh R, 209–211
Winn, Rodger, 171–173, 223
Women
as bombe tenders, 271
in direction-finding tracking, 251
at GC&CS, 163–164
in WAVES, 280–282
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), 280–282
Women’s Reserve Naval Service, 251, 271
WOODPECKER, 296–297, 300
Worksheet, Enigma, 332–333
World Crisis, The (Churchill), 44–45
Wrens, 251, 271
Wylie, Shaun, 161–162, 265
Z
Zimmermann telegram, 117
Zygalski, Henryk, 80–82, 85–86
Zygalski sheets, 85–86, 90