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Opium

Page 44

by Martin Booth

CIS see USSR

  Clapton, Eric

  Clarke, Dr Abel

  Clendenyn (first white opium smoker)

  Clifton, Captain William

  clinics

  Clinton, President

  clippers

  Clive, Baron Robert, of India

  Co-Hong merchants see Hong merchants

  Cobain, Kurt

  Coca-Cola

  coca-leaf chewing

  cocaine

  in Coca-Cola

  Cuba’s involvement

  legislation

  smuggling

  used to promote heroin sales

  used with heroin

  Cocteau, Jean

  codamine

  codeine

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor

  Kubla Khan

  Lyrical Ballads

  The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

  Collins, Wilkie

  Armadale

  No Name

  The Moonstone

  Collins, William

  Collis, Maurice

  Cologne

  Colombia/ns

  cartels

  and Cuba

  in Europe

  heroin production

  and money laundering

  quality of heroin

  US aid to

  Colombian National Liberation Army

  Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces

  Columbine HMS

  Columbus, Christopher

  Committee on Drug Addiction (US)

  Commodus

  Commonplace Book of an Apothecary of Great Dunmow

  communications

  Communism

  Burma

  China

  France

  US fear of

  computers used to fight smuggling

  concubines

  condoms used in smuggling

  Conference on the Limitation of the Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs (Geneva 1931)

  Conference Shanghai (1909)

  Conference for the Suppression of the Illicit traffic in Dangerous Drugs (1936)

  Constantinople

  constipation

  Continental Air Service (CAS)

  Continental King Lung Commodities Group

  Controlled Substance Act (US)

  Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1968)

  Convention of Chuenpi

  Convention of Peking

  Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971)

  coolies

  Cooper, James Fenimore

  Cornelius Nepos

  Cornwallis, HMS

  ‘Corset Gang’

  Corsicans

  allied with CIA

  in France

  and French Connection

  and South-east Asia

  Cottle, William

  ‘Count, the’ (Hollywood)

  couriers

  Coventry

  Cowley, Dr John

  Crabbe, George

  Peter Grimes

  crack cocaine

  Cream (pop group)

  Crimean, SS

  Crimean War

  Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act (UK 1991)

  crop-substitution see under poppies

  Crow, Mr (Hong Kong)

  Crowley, Aleister

  Diary of a Drug Fiend

  Crumpe, Dr Samuel

  Inquiry into the Nature and Properties of Opium

  Crusaders

  cryptographical inventions

  cryptopine

  Cuba

  Culiacan

  Culpeper’s Complete Herbal

  Curlew, HMS

  Cutty Sark (clipper)

  cyclazocine

  Cyprus

  Czech republic

  Daily News

  Danang (port)

  Danes

  Dangerous Drugs Act (UK 1920)

  Dangerous Drugs Act (UK 1967)

  database of global opium production (1924)

  Davis, Sir John

  Davy, Sir Humphrey

  Day, Horace

  The Opium Habit

  De Quincey, Thomas bis

  Confessions of an English Opium-eater quoted

  quoted on Coleridge bis

  de Ropp, Dr Robert S.

  Drugs and the Mind quoted

  DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)

  and Bekaa Valley

  and cocaine

  Demand Reduction Program

  Heroin Signature Program

  and Golden Triangle

  Kingpin strategy

  and Mafia

  pricing structures published by

  and Vietnam

  death penalty for drugs offences

  Burma

  China

  Iran

  Mong Tai Army

  Saudi Arabia

  Thailand

  USA

  Vietnam

  Declaration of Basle

  Defence of the Realm Act (DORA)

  Demand Reduction Program (DEA)

  Demeter, cult of

  Deng Xiaoping

  Dent & Co.

  Dent, John

  dependence see addiction

  Depository Institution Money Laundering Amendment Act (US 1990)

  Dericourt, Henri

  Derosne (pharmacist)

  ‘Sel narcotique de Derosne’

  detoxification

  Detzer, Eric

  Monkey on my Back

  dextropropoxyphene

  diacetylmorphine see heroin

  Diagoras of Melos

  diarrhoea

  diascordium

  Dick, Philip K.

  Dickens, Charles

  The Mystery of Edwin Drood

  Dictionary of National Biography, British

  Dionysius of Syracuse

  Dioscorides

  Disraeli, Benjamin

  Sybil

  Dixon, W.E.

  Dobell, Captain

  doctors

  British medical profession bis

  ‘dope doctors’

  dogs

  addicted to opium

  sniffer

  Dole, Vincent

  dolophine hydrochloride

  Dominican Republic/Dominicans

  Dover

  Dover, Thomas

  Ancient Physician’s Legacy to his Country

  Dover’s Powder

  Downing, Dr C. Toogood

  Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan

  The Man with the Twisted Lip

  Dreser, Heinrich

  Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (US 1970)

  Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)

  Drug Enforcement Administration see DEA

  drug barons

  see also cartels, Mafia, Triads, Yakuza

  drugs

  see also cocaine, hashish, heroin, marijuana, morphine, opium

  classification of

  global problem

  cultural aspects

  international drugs control

  legalisation experiments

  use of computers

  use of military technology

  world annual turnover

  Drugs Supervisory Body (UN)

  Drugs Trafficking Offences Act (UK 1986)

  Dryden, John

  MacFlecknoe

  Dubai

  Dundee

  Durres

  Dutch see Netherlands/Dutch

  Dutch Antilles

  dwale (potions)

  dysentery

  Dyson, Edward

  story of Mr & Mrs Sin Fat

  East Germany

  East India Company

  East Indiamen (ships)

  East Indies

  Ebers, Georg Moritz

  Ecstasy

  Ecuador

  Edinburgh

  Egypt/Egyptian opium

  ancient

  16th–19th centuries

  present day

  Eight Regulations

 
El Paso

  Elausis

  Elbasan province (Albana)

  electro-stimulation

  Elgin, Lord

  Elliot, Captain Charles passim

  Ely

  emaciation

  enemas

  Enfield

  ‘English opium’

  Epidaurus

  Equatorial Guinea

  Erasistratus

  Escobar, Pablo

  Ethiopia

  ethnic cleansing

  etorphine

  Europe, Eastern

  European Union

  Faithfull, Marianne

  ‘Farmers’ Bank (China)

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

  Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) passim

  Federal Narcotics Control Board (US)

  Fen country

  Feng Yu Hsiang, General

  Ferguson (instrument maker)

  film industry

  financy see prices and profits

  Fiori, Etienne

  Five Dragons Corporation

  Florida

  Flynn, Errol

  My Wicked, Wicked Ways

  Foochow (Fuzhou)

  Forbes (soldier of fortune)

  Formosa see Taiwan

  France/French

  see also French Connection

  colonial rule

  drugs production

  heroin consumption

  Francisi, Bonaventure ‘Rock’

  Franco-Prussian War

  Frankau, Lady Isabella

  Frankfurt

  Franklin, Benjamin

  Freitag, Dr John

  French Connection

  French Connection, The (film)

  French Expeditionary Corps

  Friend of China, The (magazine)

  Froggatt, Dr Clive

  Fu Manchu stories/films

  Fukien province

  Fury, HMS

  Galen

  Gambino, Giuseppe (Joe)

  Gandhi, Mahatma

  Ganges plain

  gangsters

  see also Mafia, Triads, Yakuza

  Garcia, Jerry

  Garcias ab Horto

  Garraway’s Coffee House

  Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis

  Gaza Strip

  General Quiroga (ship)

  Geneva

  George III

  George IV

  Georgia

  Germany

  Ghana

  Ghazipur

  Government Opium and Alkaloid Factories

  Giacomelli, Giorgio

  Gibraltar

  Gillman, Dr

  Gladstone

  Glasgow

  Globus company

  glycerides

  gnoscopine

  Goa

  Godfather films

  Godfrey’s Cordial

  Golden Crescent

  Golden Triangle

  profits and money laundering

  Goldsmith, Margaret

  The Trail of Opium

  Gordon, Waxey

  Gotti, John

  Grateful Dead (pop group)

  Great Britain

  14th century

  Victorian times

  anti-opium movement

  attempts to grow British opium

  colonial opium trade; see also Hong Kong

  invention of hypodermic syringes

  morphine manufacture and use

  late 19th century to present

  present day

  heroin addiction

  smuggling

  source countries and prices

  war against drugs

  Greece/Greeks

  ancient

  modern

  Green Gang

  Greene, Graham

  The Quiet American

  Ways of Escape

  Gregory, Sandra

  Guadeloupe

  Guam

  Guangdong province

  Guangod province

  Guangzhou see Canton

  Guatemala

  Guerini, Antoine and Barthelemy

  Guerrero

  Guinness Book of Records

  Gujarat state

  Gulf War

  Gutzlaff, Dr Karl

  Hague Conference (1911)

  Hainan Island

  Haiphong

  Haiti

  Hali

  Hall, Robert

  Halliday, Billie

  Hamburg Codex

  Han Shao-ch’iung, Rear Admiral

  Hankow

  Hannibal

  Hanoi

  Hanover

  Hansen, Juanita

  Harlem

  Harper’s Magazine

  Harrison, Francis Burton

  Harrison Narcotic Act (US 1914)

  Harvey, William

  hashish

  Hastings, Warren

  Hau Fook Company

  Hawaii

  Hawkins, Dr

  Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin

  Hell’s Angels

  Helmland Valley (Afghanistan)

  hemp

  henbane

  hepatitis

  herbal medicine

  Hero of Alexandria

  heroin

  see also addiction, smuggling and arms

  change-over from opium use

  compared with other drugs/alkaloids

  discovery and early development

  effects

  manufacture

  ‘heroin mills’

  substances used for cutting

  medicinal use

  methods of taking

  in ‘cocktails’

  elixir and pastilles

  mixed with marijuana

  mixed with tobacco

  prices and profits

  supposed cure for morphine addiction

  types and trade names

  Double UOGlobe

  ‘Mexican black tar’

  ‘Mexican brown’ or ‘Bugger’

  No 3 grade

  No 4 grade

  Heroin Baby Trial

  Heroin Highway’ (US Interstate 25)

  Heroin (pop song)

  Heroin Signature Program (DEA)

  Hezbollah

  Hill, Dr John

  Family Herbal

  Hippocrates

  hippy trail

  Hiro Saga (court lady)

  Hmong tribe passim

  Ho Chi Minh

  Ho Chi Minh City

  see also Saigon

  Ho Mong (town)

  Ho Su-cho (merchant)

  Hobson, Richard P.

  Hokkien Chinese

  Holbeach

  Hollywood see film industry

  Homer

  Honam

  Honecker, Erich

  Hong (Co-Hong) merchants

  Hong Kong

  ceded to Britain

  colony from 1842–1945

  during Second World War

  since Second World War

  addiction

  heroin refining

  money laundering

  multinational corporations

  police force

  smuggling and Triad activities

  Hong Kong Precious Stone Company

  Honolulu

  Hooghly River

  Hooper’s Anodyne

  House of Commons Home Affairs Committee

  Howard, Dr Harvey J.

  Ten Weeks with Chinese Bandits

  Howison, Dr

  Howqua (merchant)

  Hsien Feng, Emperor

  Hu Tim-heng (businessman)

  Hua To (surgeon)

  Huang Yu-pu (official)

  Hugo of Lucca

  Human Wreckage (film)

  Hunan

  Hungary

  Hunter, Dr Charles

  Hunter, Dr Henry Julian

  Hunter, William C.

  The ‘Fan Kwae’ at Canton

  Huxley, Aldous

  Brave New World

  hydrocotarnine

  hydromor
phone

  hyoscyamus

  hypodermic syringes

  Immobilon (M99)

  Imprisonment

  Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

  India

  opium

  traditional growing and use

  types and quality

  legal production

  illicit production

  history of opium trade

  early centuries

  colonial times

  Gandhi’s anti-opium campaign

  India Act (UK 1833)

  Indian Opium Agency

  Indo-China

  Indo-China War, First (1946–54)

  infant mortality rates

  Infant’s Friend, The (syrup)

  Inglewood (ship)

  Inglis, Brian

  The Forbidden Game: A Social History of Drugs

  inhalation

  Institute de France

  Inter-Departmental Commission on Drug Addiction (UK 1958)

  Internal Revenue Service (US)

  International Anti-Opium Association

  International Convention (1931)

  International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)

  Strategy Report (1994)

  International Opium Commission (1909)

  International Opium Conference (1924)

  Internet

  Interpol (International Police Commission)

  IRA

  Iran

  countries supplied by

  opium production – legal

  opium production – illicit

  and terrorism

  Iraq

  Ireland

  Irish-American gangs

  Isfahan

  Islam see Muslims

  isoquinoline alkaloids

  Israelis

  Istanbul

  Italy/Italians

  J. Collis Browne’s Mixture

  Jaafar, Khaled

  Jamaicans

  Jamesina (brig)

  Japan

  drug use

  drug smuggling to China

  money laundering

  in Second World War

  and tobacco smoking

  Yakuza

  Jardine, William

  Jardine Matheson & Co.

  Java bis

  jazz clubs

  Jeddah

  Jehan, Jean

  Jersey

  Jewish dealers

  Jibril, Ahmed

  John Biggar (ship)

  John Calvin (ship)

  John of Gaddesden

  Johnson, Dr Samuel

  Johnstone, Revd James

  Jones, Dr John

  Mysteries of Opium Reveal’d

  Jones, Thomas

  Joplin, Janis

  Jordan, Sir John

  Journal der Pharmacie

  Juanita Hansen Foundation

  Ka Kwei Yei (KKY) militia

  Kabay, Janos

  Kabul

  Kachin tribe

  Kachin Independent Army (KIA)

  Kachin Liberation Army (KLA)

  Kai Tak airport

  K’ang Hsi, Emperor

  Karachi

  Karen tribe

  Karen National Union (KNU)

  Karolinska Institute (Stockholm)

  Kazakhstan

  Keats, John

  Kemp, E.G.

  Kendall, General Raymond

  Kenya

  Kerouac, Jack

  On the Road

  Kerr, Dr Norman

  KGB, former

  Kho Phan Gan island

  Khun Sa

  Khyber pass

  Kia King, Emperor

  Kiangsu province

  King, C.W.

  Kingpin strategy (DEA)

  Kingsley, Charles

  Alton Locke

 

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