by Peter Krass
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Acknowledgments
Foremost, I am exceedingly grateful to Hana Lane, my editor, and Ed Knapp-man, my agent, for setting such a great project right in my lap; it has been a thrilling experience. Throughout the research and writing, I was assisted by a number of people to whom I’m indebted. I wish to thank Sarah Rubenstein, Leslie Plaisted, Susannah Maurer, Joe and Sophie Mas, and Ruth Mills for giving me a jumpstart; Bill Krass for D.C. support; and the knowledgeable staffs at the Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum at Dunfermline, the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, the New York Public Library, the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, and the Library of Congress. A special thanks to Margaret Thomson and Ken Miller, who shared their insights into their legendary ancestor; Angus, Skibo’s resident historian; the staff at Skibo, for their carte blanche hospitality and for tolerating a full-moon, midnight swim in the pool; Carol, for the Skibo séance; Jim and Joan Mitchell, for arranging the Skibo adventure; and to Dr. B., for medicinal aid. To my family—Diana, Pierson, Alex, Julia, Mom, and Dad—bless you for your patience and support.
Index
Abbey, Edwin
Abbott, William L.
“ABC of Money” (Carnegie)
Aberdeen, Scotland, Carnegie library at
Acton, Lord
Adams Express Company
Addison, Leila
“Advantages of Poverty” (Carnegie)
African-American schools, Carnegie support for
Aguinaldo, Emilio
Aitken, Andrew (uncle)
Aitken, Annie (aunt)
Alexander, George
Allegheny, Pennsylvania Carnegie’s gift of a library to
Allegheny Bessemer Steel
Allen, J. W.
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AAISW)
Edgar Thomson (E.T.) Mill and
Carnegie’s early acceptance of
Frick and
Homestead mill and (illus.)
strikes and
American Four-In-Hand in Britain, An (Carnegie)
“Americanism versus Imperialism” (Carnegie)
“Americanism versus Imperialism II” (Carnegie)
American Sheet Steel Company
American Steel and Wire Company
American Steel Hoop Company
American Steeled Rail Company
Ames, Oliver
Anderson, James
Anderson, Maggie
“Anglo-French-American Understanding” (Carnegie) anti-imperialist activities
Carnegie’s views of the Philippines and
criticism of Carnegie’s involvement in
Spence on role of money and
Anti-Imperialist League antitrust investigations
Standard Oil and
U.S. Steel and
armor plate industry
board of inquiry and fine over contract in
Carnegie’s Navy contract in
congressional investigation of
Arnold, Edwin
Arnold, Matthew
“As Others See Us” (Carnegie)
Astor, John Jacob
Atlantic & Ohio Telegraph Company
Auchinduich cottage, Skibo Castle, Scotland
Aultnagar hideaway, Skibo Castle,
Scotland
Baird, Milton
Baker, Allen
Bales, Elmer
Balfour, Arthur James
Bancroft, George
banking system, Carnegie on
Barclay, Richard
Barlow, Samuel
Barnes, William
Barrett, John
Bates, David Homer
Bellevue Hospital Medical College
Bennett, Edwin
Berkman, Alexander
Bertram, James
Bessemer, Henry
Bessemer process
Edgar Thomson Mill with
Bessemer Steel Association
Bessemer Steel Company. See Homestead steel mill
“Best Fields for Philanthropy, The” (Carnegie)
Bethlehem Steel
Bird, Isabella
Birmingham Political Union
Bishop, Joseph
Black, William
black schools, Carnegie support for
Blaine, James G.
Carnegie’s involvement in politics and
travels with Carnegie
Boer War
bonds
Carnegie’s investments in
Carnegie’s selling of
Bosworth, M. M.
Botta, Anna C. L.
Boxer Rebellion
Braddock, Pennsylvania
Carnegie’s gift of a library to
conditions at
steelworks at. See Edgar Thomson (E.T.) Mill
Braemar Cottage, Cresson, Pennsylvania
Bridge, James Howard
bridge-building companies
Brooks, David
Bryan, William Jennings
Bryce, James
Bryce, Lloyd Stephens
Buddhism
Buell, A. C.
“Bugaboo of Trusts, The” (Carnegie)
Burgoyne, Arthur G.
Burns, Robert (“Rabbie”)
Burroughs, John
Bushnell, Cornelius S.
Butler, H. M.
Butler, Nicholas Murray
Butler, Joseph
Calvinism
Cambria
competition with
proposed alliance with
Cameron, Simon
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry
Carnegie, Andrew (grandfather)
Carnegie, Andrew
CHILDHOOD AND EARLY YEARS
awareness of father’s weaving and
economic struggles
awareness of political ideals
birth (illus.)
birth and death of sister Ann
economic conditions in Scotland and
family life
education
encouragement from mother
family background
family homes (illus.)
friends (illus.)
games with pennies
helping sailors during the voyage
mother’s advice on having friends
parents’ decision to emigrate to
United States
power of mother over Carnegie
rabbit-keeping business and
organizing chums for assistance
reading encouraged by father
religious background
stories about Carnegie’s childhood
stories of Scotland’s history recounted
uncle Thomas Morrison’s influence
on
voyage across the Atlantic and travel
to Allegheny
work as part of daily routine
work in cotton mills
CULTURAL LIFE
aspirations to be a man of culture
debates among members of the
Original Six
early exposure to Shakespeare
intellectual circles in England
literary aspirations
literary friendships
love of music
New York activities
social gatherings at the Wilkins
home
Webster Literary Society with friends
HEALTH
bleeding remedy, during European
trip
during Civil War telegraph work
death
>
Louise’s concerns about health
maladies
struck by lightning in telegraph job
typhoid fever attack
work and concerns about health
HOMES
Braemar Cottage, Cresson,
Pennsylvania
childhood (illus.)
Cluny Castle, Scotland
houses with mother
Skibo Castle, Scotland
New York Fifty-first Street mansion
New York Ninety-first Street mansion (“the Highlands”) (illus.)
Shadowbrook, Massachusetts
INVESTMENTS AND BUSINESS DEALS
ability to manipulate the system
appeals to vanity and guilt to
motivate others
attitude toward investing
business philosophy (cut prices, cut
costs, and scoop the market)
Carnegie’s grasp of economics
Carnegie’s legacy
Carnegie’s revision of personal
history
childhood rabbit keeping and
organizing chums
during Civil War
cooperative relationships cultivated
by Carnegie
desire to be best
early dreams of going into business
Carnegie, Andrew
expectations of partners
failures
for family and friends
first investment, in Adams Express
stock
lack of a formal title for Carnegie
Machiavellian tactics
as management genius
management style
monetary success and profits
monitoring business while traveling
motivation to attain power and
riches
naiveté concerning workers
preparation for march to fortune
progressive labor policies
propaganda used in negotiations
putting all eggs in one basket and
watching the basket
range of investments
reaction to workers’ accidents
recognition of Carnegie’s ability
surrounding himself with talented
men
survival of the fittest philosophy
use of quotations to make points
willingness to assume great risk
NICKNAMES
Andra, in family
“the Great Egoist”, in the steel
industry
“Martin’s Pet”, during school years
“Little Boss”
robber baron
“Scotch Devil”
“Scott’s Andy”, at Pennsylvania
Railroad
PERSONALITY TRAITS
argumentativeness or combativeness
