a Cuban psychologist: “Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing,” p. 6, and FBI interrogation of Alvarez, which identifies her as Mercedes Arce: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/espionage/Alvarez-spy-1.pdf.
In an ironic twist: Juan O. Tamayo, “Aide to Cuba’s Ricardo Alarcon Sentenced to 30 Years for Spying,” Cuba Confidential, February 8, 2014, https://cubaconfidential.wordpress.com/2014/02/09/aide-to-cubas-ricardo-alarcon-sentenced-to-30-years-for-spying/.
“personal meetings, messages”: “United States’ Sentencing Memorandum and Response to Carlos Alvarez’s Request for Downward Departure,” February 26, 2007, p. 2.
“sensitive information”: Ibid., p. 3.
“heavy dosage of idealism”: Letter from Carlos Alvarez to American Psychological Association ethics committee, provided by Herbert Kelman.
“mid-eighties”: Ibid.
“Since you helped”: “Appendix B: Representations Made to Carlos Alvarez During His Interrogations,” court filing, February 21, 2007.
lobbied Cuban authorities in Havana: Letter from Herbert Kelman to Judge K. Michael Moore, February 6, 2007.
took no disciplinary action: Letter from Patricia Dixon, APA Office of Ethics, to Alvarez, July 8, 2010.
She briefed Chamorro: Interview with Daniel Fisk.
more than $700 million: Velázquez curriculum vitae.
“forces of freedom”: “Prime Minister Palme’s Visit to Cuba,” State Department cable, July 5, 1975, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1975STOCKH03203_b.html.
married in March 1996: Nancy Vega Ramos, Puerto Rico director of vital statistics, email message to the author, August 3, 2016.
“It has always been a characteristic”: Nigel West, email message to the author, February 19, 2015.
had studied at Harbin Institute: See Semenko’s LinkedIn page, https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikhailsemenko.
earned a bachelor’s degree: Lydia Guryeva’s degrees: Nicole Bode, “Suspected Russian Spy Earned Degrees at Columbia, NYU,” https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100630/manhattan/suspected-russian-spy-earned-degrees-at-columbia-nyu.
“strengthen … ties”: Ricci, Complaint, p. 36.
“clean”: Ibid., p. 36.
“v. usefull”: Ibid., p. 34.
She also cultivated: Jason Horowitz, “Clinton Confidant Believes He Might Have Been Spies’ Target,” Washington Post, June 29, 2010.
“You were sent to USA”: FBI Agent Maria L. Ricci, Complaint, USA v. Richard Murphy, Cynthia Murphy et al., June 25, 2010, p. 5.
He criticized U.S. foreign policy so vehemently: James Barron, “Curiosities Emerge About Suspected Russian Agents,” New York Times, June 29, 2010.
pretended it was a wrong number: Stepan Kravchenko, a Moscow-based reporter for Bloomberg News, contacted Guryeva for me.
“a positive response … will come of it”: FBI Agent Gregory Monaghan, Complaint, USA v. Buryakov, Sporyshev, and Pobodnyy, U.S. District Court in New York, January 23, 2015. The complaint doesn’t name the university, but Time magazine identified it as NYU: Massimo Calabresi, “Sloppy Russian ‘Spymasters’ Burn a Deep Cover Operative in New York,” Time, January 26, 2015, http://time.com/3683373/russian-spy-arrest-new-york/.
Montes expected to spend: Carmichael, True Believer, pp. 68–82.
also implicated Montes: “Review of the Actions Taken,” p. 63.
“raised the evidence threshold”: Chris Simmons email message to the author, May 30, 2016.
an unrepentant statement: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/espionage/montes-statement.htm.
only met their Cuban handlers: Harnden, “Spying for Fidel.”
“I have great admiration”: Kramarsic affidavit, p. 20.
“deserve every honor in this world”: Harnden, “Spying for Fidel.”
“Our overriding objective”: Sulick, American Spies, p. 280.
Sweden bans extradition: http://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-justice/international-judicial-co-operation/extradition-for-criminal-offences/.
Velázquez became a Swedish citizen: Government’s Motion to Modify Sealing Order, October 5, 2011, p. 2.
“undoubtedly aware”: Ibid.
where he attended: https://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC48/GC48InfDocuments/English/gc48inf-16-rev1_en.pdf.
and Lisbon: http://www.docsrush.net/2820487/north-south-centre-of-the-council-of-europe.html.
the extradition treaties that Austria and Portugal have: http://www.mcnabbassociates.com/Austria%20International%20Extradition%20Treaty%20with%20the%20United%20States.pdf;
http://www.mcnabbassociates.com/Portugal%20International%20Extradition%20Treaty%20with%20the%20United%20States.pdf.
She taught English: Velázquez’s teaching positions in Vienna and Portugal are listed in her curriculum vitae.
Jorge Velázquez: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jorge-velazquez-83434946.
the Obama administration was considering trading Montes: J. P. Carroll, “Tupac’s Cop-Killer Aunt Chilling in Cuba May Finally Face Justice In U.S.,” Daily Caller, June 6, 2016, http://dailycaller.com/2016/06/06/tupacs-cop-killer-aunt-chilling-in-cuba-may-finally-face-justice-in-u-s/.
California congressman … denounced: Devin Nunes, “This Traitor Belongs in Jail, Not Free in Cuba,” Wall Street Journal, July 14, 2016.
A 2013 study by a consultant: Carmelo Mesa-Lago, “The Potential Role of FIU in a Future Cuba,” July 17, 2013.
administered the Test of English: Lindsay Gellman, “For First Time, International University Admissions Tests Coming to Cuba,” Wall Street Journal, June 17, 2015.
where 17 percent: http://www.scb.se/en_/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics/aktuell-pong/25795/yearly-statistics—the-whole-country/26040/.
They bought it in 2013: Mitt I Västerort (newspaper), September 10, 2013, http://arkiv.mitti.se:4711/2013/37/vasterort/MIVT-20130910-A-029-A.pdf.
earning about four thousand dollars a month: Robert Waardahl, email message to the author, June 15, 2016.
who graduated from another Stockholm high school: Ingmar Kviele graduated from Kungsholmen Gymnasium. Perhaps aspiring to follow his father into diplomacy, he attended the international section, where classes were taught in English.
has signed petitions: http://onedayseyoum.com/en.jointhefight.php.
http://namninsamling.se/index.php?nid=9102&fnvisa=namn.
that has assailed the Castro regime: https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/americas/cuba/.
4: FOREIGN EXCHANGE
gathered to dedicate: The tree dedication ceremony and the session on “The Future of U.S.-Russia-China Relations” were both part of the McDonough Leadership Conference, which I attended at Marietta on April 1–2, 2016.
“elite institute for preparing”: Political Minister-Counselor Jonathan Aloisi, communication from U.S. Embassy in Beijing to Secretary of State, Washington, D.C., November 2002.
they can fulfill its general education requirements: Marietta spokesman Tom Perry email message to the author, May 9, 2016.
hosts twenty to twenty-five: Interview with Mark Schaefer.
pay board but no tuition: Interview with Yolanda Feng, UIR exchange student.
stay for free: Tom Perry email message to the author, July 11, 2016.
sponsored joint conferences: For instance, the Marietta-UIR Summer Palace Forum in Beijing in June 2013 and June 2015. http://news2.marietta.edu/node/10109.
a 2013 book: Luding Tong and Helen Xu, Emotional Appeals and Advertising Strategies in Modern China (Beijing: University of International Relations Publishing House, 2013).
Marietta’s choir performed: Tom Perry email message to the author, May 6, 2016.
replete with greenery: I am indebted to Michael Standaert for the visual description of UIR.
specializes in teaching: The description of UIR’s specialties and research institutes is based on its website, en.uir.cn.
“key national universities”: http://en.uir.cn/uniquen
ess.html.
On a subcampus: www.prcstudy.com/uni_university_of_international_relations.shtml.
placed under the security ministry in 1965: Gerald Chan, International Studies in China: An Annotated Bibliography (Commack, NY: Nova Science, 1998), p. 17.
“Training for most MSS intelligence officers begins”: Stratfor, May 24, 2010, https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/special-series-espionage-chinese-characteristics.
“qualified students with a lack of foreign contacts”: Ibid.
Fei-ling Wang: “China Releases Detained U.S. Professor,” Associated Press, August 10, 2004, http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5665726/ns/world_news/t/china-releases-detained-us-professor/.
“pays most”: David Shambaugh, “China’s International Relations Think Tanks: Evolving Structure and Process,” China Quarterly, no. 171 (September 2002).
A 2011 CIA report: Open Source Center, “Profile of MSS-Affiliated PRC Foreign Policy Think Tank CICIR,” August 25, 2011.
joint doctoral program: en.uir.cn/international_politics.html.
Of 636 bachelor’s degree recipients: http://www.uir.cn/data/upload/ufq8yrnYz7XRp9S6MjAxNMTqsc8=_R3DtKb.pdf. Translated from Chinese by Kean Zhang.
A LinkedIn site for UIR alumni: https://www.linkedin.com/edu/alumni?companyCount=3&id=11401&functionCount=3&unadopted=false&trk=edu-cp-com-CC-titl.
Xie Tingting: Her LinkedIn site lists her master’s at UIR, and her positions at Emory and the Charhar Institute: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tingting-xie-2a37a640.
“focuses specifically”: David Shambaugh, “China’s Soft-Power Push: The Search for Respect,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2015.
is a senior fellow: http://charhar.china.org.cn/2015-09/28/content_36700161.htm.
At his urging: Phone interview with Yawei Liu, October 27, 2016.
to observe the January 2011 referendum: Tingting is listed in “Observing the 2011 Referendum on the Self-Determination of Southern Sudan,” Carter Center Final Report, p. 55.
diplomatic conundrum: For China’s relationship to Sudan, see Larry Hanauer and Lyle J. Morris, “Chinese Engagement in Africa: Drivers, Reactions, and Implications for U.S. Policy,” 2014 RAND Report.
“a sensitive nature”: Phone interview with David Carroll, April 4, 2016.
“core values”: http://w3.marietta.edu/About/mission.html.
endowment: For Marietta’s and Denison’s endowments, see National Association of College and University Business Officers 2015 endowment study, http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2015_NCSE_Endowment_Market_Values.pdf.
Middle Eastern contingent: “Fall Enrollments for Full-Time Undergraduate International Students,” table provided by Perry, email message, February 19, 2016.
fifty thousand dollars up front: Interviews with Jeremy Wang, Robert Pastoor, and Ron Patterson.
Marietta first gained a toehold in 1985: Sherry Beck Paprocki, “The Changing Face of Marietta College,” Marietta, Autumn 2006.
a tenure-track position: Phone interview with Michael Taylor.
an early member: The description of Yi Lirong’s career and imprisonment is based on Chinese-language articles posted on Xiaoxiong Yi’s website, such as https://xiaoxiongyi.wordpress.com/category/my-father/. I am indebted to Kean Zhang for translating them.
moved to a housing complex: The account of Xiaoxiong Yi’s childhood, exile, and education is based on a State Department cable, “Portrait of Vice President Xi Jinping: ‘Ambitious Survivor’ of the Cultural Revolution,” November 16, 2009, which was made public by WikiLeaks in 2011. Internal evidence identifies Xiaoxiong Yi as the unnamed professor cited in the cable. The “groomed to become” and “descended into the pursuit” quotations both come from the cable.
He He Li, who attended Marietta: Perry email message to the author, May 2, 2016.
four-page cable: Aloisi, communication from U.S. embassy to State Department, November 2002.
Yi overruled her: Rees-Miller email message to the author, May 4, 2016.
“It was a lot of talking”: Paprocki, “The Changing Face of Marietta College.”
UIR opened its own summer program: The description of the summer program is based on two UIR documents obtained from the University of Massachusetts Boston under a public records request: “2014 UIR Summer School Visiting Professor Agreement” and “Explanations on UIR 2014 Summer School Courses.”
Deborah McNutt: http://xiajixueqi.uir.cn/view.php?cid=24&tid=106. She declined to comment.
had his heart set: Phone interview with Xing Li, April 7, 2016. His honorary professorship at UIR is listed on his curriculum vitae: http://pds.aau.dk/pds/file/2892185.
the UIR-Aalborg initiative: http://www.en.aau.dk/education/master/development-international-relations/specialisations/china-international-relations. The academic journal is called the Journal of China and International Relations.
one of its biggest export markets: http://www.worldsrichestcountries.com/top_denmark_exports.html.
“As long as the joint program”: Li Xing email message to the author, April 8, 2016.
two visiting scholars: UMass Boston supplied me with the resumes of Rihan Huang and Wang Hui. Shorter bios are available at http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs154/1102184412683/archive/1115578661485.html.
agreed to promote: UMass Boston also provided a copy of its memo of understanding with UIR.
“China should seize”: Xie Tingting, Huang Rihan, “The European Refugee Crisis from the Perspective of International Migration Governance,” https://journals.aau.dk/index.php/jcir/article/view/1310/1065.
Marietta’s Beijing office: I am indebted to Jessica Meyers, an American journalist in Beijing, who visited the Marietta office there for this book.
no aberration: The decline in Chinese enrollment at Marietta comes from the “Fall Enrollments” table, and in overall enrollment from a Perry email message to the author, February 18, 2016. The overall numbers are based on full-time-equivalent day students.
“Portrait of Vice President Xi Jinping”: Available at https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BEIJING3128_a.html.
a posting on Chinese social media: http://junqing.club.sohu.com/shilin/thread/vpcl68bqpc. Translated for the author by Kean Zhang.
extended their partnership: “Marietta Signs Cooperative Agreement with International University,” Olio, http://news2.marietta.edu/node/1417.
5: SHANGHAIED
donated two hundred dollars: Posting on www.gvsu.edu/gvnow/2001/giving-spirit-2904.00000.htm#sthash.xsp0Da2x.dput, December 20, 2001.
He trash-talked Chinese opponents: Phone interview with Michael Weits.
laughed at him: Phone interview with Geling Shang.
He clambered all over the rocks: Phone interview with Peimin Ni.
“dynamic global network”: See, for example, http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/faculty_positions/art/visual_arts_AP_tenure_track.
study-abroad centers: http://www.nyu.edu/global/global-academic-centers.html.
By requiring its Shanghai students: http://shanghai.nyu.edu/academics/study-away/out.
branches in Qatar: https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/in-qatars-education-city-us-colleges-are-building-an-academic-oasis/2015/12/06/6b538702-8e01-11e5-ae1f-af46b7df8483_story.html.
Carnegie Mellon also offers degrees: http://www.cmu.edu/global/presence/. A complete list of branch campuses abroad, including the Booth School’s and Duke’s, is located at http://www.globalhighered.org/?page_id=34.
“convening space”: http://centerbeijing.yale.edu/event/2014/10/opening-ceremony-yale-center-beijing.
more than tripled: “IIE Releases Open Doors 2015 Data,” http://www.iie.org/Who-We-Are/News-and-Events/Press-Center/Press-Releases/2015/2015-11-16-Open-Doors-Data.
Goucher College: http://www.goucher.edu/study-abroad.
fifth most popular destination: http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/US-Study-Abroad/Leading-Destination.
five-year goal: http://uschinastrong.org/initiatives/100k-strong/.
an Institute of International Education initiative: www.iie.org/Who-We-Are/News-and-Events/Press-Center/Press-Releases/2015/2015-10-01-IIE-Announces-Impact-Of-Generation-Study-Abroad#.V4Yv1PkrLIU.
In both Abu Dhabi and Qatar: Vivian Salama, “Abu Dhabi Bankrolls Students as NYU Joins Sorbonne,” Bloomberg News, September 15, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-09-14/abu-dhabi-bankrolls-students-as-nyu-joins-sorbonne-in-uber-swanky-gulf.
Michigan State University president: Daniel Golden, “American Universities Infected by Foreign Spies Detected by FBI,” Bloomberg News, April 8, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-04-08/american-universities-infected-by-foreign-spies-detected-by-fbi.
Oriental Daily News: The publication’s name was translated from the Chinese by Leon Slawecki. The article was published on November 19, 1984.
“When service desks were moved”: Leon Slawecki, “Starting Up: The Johns Hopkins Center in Nanjing, China,” paper presented at ASPAC ’89, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 30, 1989, p. 12.
Larry Engelmann: Larry Engelmann and Meihong Xu told their story in Daughter of China: A True Story of Love and Betrayal (New York: Wiley, 1999). The book contains some errors—for example, it identifies Slawecki as “Sloane”—but Gaulton confirmed the key events.
Six foot two: Much of the account of Glenn Shriver’s parents is based on records provided by Kent County, Michigan, circuit court. That includes Jon Michael Shriver’s physical description, his employers, and the details of his separation and divorce from Karen Sue Shriver and his nonpayment of child support. I found his first marriage and divorce on ancestry.com.
ten years in prison for dealing heroin: Lisa E. Kinney, director of communications, Virginia Department of Communications, email message to the author, February 3, 2016.
became lifelong friends with his teacher: In a letter to the judge in Glenn Duffie Shriver’s case, Michael Neal wrote, “Glenn’s father Jon and I have remained friends since he was a student in my college English courses in the late 1970’s.” Jon was in prison at the time.
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