Glenn visited his father and half brother during summers: David Wise, “Mole-in-Training: How China Tried to Infiltrate the CIA,” Washingtonian, June 7, 2012.
He traveled to Barcelona: Ibid.
“I knew early on”: Sentencing hearing, U.S. District Court, Alexandria, Virginia, January 21, 2011.
His mother married Luis Chavez: Marriage license, Kent County, Michigan, March 11, 1997; Judgment of Divorce, Ottawa County, Michigan, September 22, 2003.
Grand Valley had 18,579 students in 2000: https://www.gvsu.edu/ia/history-of-enrollment-degrees-awarded-7.htm.
Amway cofounder: Shandra Martinez, “Billionaire Rich DeVos Is GVSU’s Largest Donor at $36M,” http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2016/01/how_billionaire_rich_devos_acc.html, January 4, 2016.
2.5 grade point average: Phone interview with Rebecca Hambleton, Grand Valley director of study abroad; https://www.gvsu.edu/studyabroad/partnershipnon-gvsu-academic-policies-667.htm.
Boren Awards: David Boren described the origins of the awards in a speech, “Global Education in the 21st Century: A National Imperative,” October 12, 2010. A video of his address is at http://www.borenawards.org/multimedia.
the program provides: http://www.iie.org/programs/Boren-Awards-for-International-Study.
with priority given: Jessica S. Wolfanger, Sara M. Russell, and Zachary T. Miller, “Boren Scholarship and Fellowship Survey,” October 2014, https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DRM-2014-U-007929-Final.pdf.
“The most important thing”: “David Boren: Breaking the Language Barrier,” video at http://www.borenawards.org/multimedia.
“linking university-based research”: Letter to Senator Boren in February 1992, quoted in David J. Comp, “The National Security Education Program and Its Service Requirement: An Exploratory Study of What Areas of Government and for What Duration National Security Education Program Recipients Have Worked” (PhD diss., Loyola University, 2013).
University of California, Berkeley, deferred participation: Ibid.
increasingly prestigious and selective: For scholarships, https://www.borenawards.org/document/download/boren_scholarship_summary_stats_41.pdf; for fellowships, https://www.borenawards.org/document/download/boren_fellowship_summary_stats_42.pdf.
American University in Washington, D.C., led the nation: http://www.american.edu/careercenter/news/CC_2014_Awards_Roundup.cfm.
7.5 percent work for the CIA: Wolfanger, Russell, and Miller, “Boren Scholarship and Fellowship Survey,” p. 35.
“life-changing experience”: Ibid., p. 85.
“a recent incident”: Letter from Dean Chappell of the FBI’s Strategic Partnership Unit to NSHEAB members.
under the Boren rules: “Boren Fellowship Handbook,” 2015, p. 17, https://www.borenawards.org/document/download/current_year_fellowship_handbook_182.pdf.
he answered an ad: My account of Glenn Shriver’s recruitment by Chinese intelligence primarily draws on the following sources: the “statement of facts” in U.S.A. v. Glenn Duffie Shriver in federal court in Alexandria, Virginia; Wise, “Mole-in-Training”; a November 21, 2016, email from retired CIA counterintelligence officer Philip Boycan; interviews with other people familiar with the events, who requested anonymity; and Game of Pawns: The Glenn Duffie Shriver Story, the FBI movie about his case, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8xlUNK4JHQ.
“Shriver was able to present”: Email message from Philip Boycan to the author, November 21, 2016. All subsequent quotations from Boycan are from the same email.
“we can be close friends”: Statement of facts.
“some secrets or classified information”: Ibid.
tattoo supply: Wise, “Mole-in-Training.”
Du Fei: Ibid.
“compelling true story”: Email invitation January 10, 2013, from Brenda M. Fleet to “counterintelligence strategic partner” for the January 30, 2013, Game of Pawns premiere at U.S. Navy Memorial and Naval Heritage Center. Also, http://wfocitizensacademy.org/film-screening-game-of-pawns/.
“Are we doing anything”: The April 28, 2014, email correspondence between Sullins and Maurer was provided by the University of South Florida in response to a public records request.
Alexander van Schaick: Jean-Friedman-Rudovsky and Brian Ross, “Exclusive: Peace Corps, Fulbright Scholar Asked to ‘Spy’ on Cubans, Venezuelans,” ABC News, February 8, 2008, http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=4262036.
“Glenn and I are doing really well”: Email message from Karen Chavez to Allen Dale, September 15, 2015.
“How much does it pay?”: Email message from Karen Chavez to Allen Dale, September 17, 2015.
6: AN IMPERFECT SPY
St. Petersburg Times: Kim Wilmath, “USF Professor Is Impugned, but Employed,” St. Petersburg Times, June 4, 2011; “Tenure Shouldn’t Shield Unethical Acts at USF,” editorial, St. Petersburg Times, June 9, 2011. The newspaper is now known as the Tampa Bay Times.
“I am not allowed to use my office”: Dajin Peng, email message to the author, July 22, 2014. He probably meant “tapped” instead of “taped.”
Wuhan: The description of Wuhan comes from “Wow! Wuhan’s back,” China Daily, September 7, 2012, http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2012-09/07/content_15741178.htm.
regularly ranks among the top fifteen universities: “Points of Pride,” USF Office of Decision Support, Planning and Analysis, http://www.usf.edu/about-usf/points-of-pride.aspx.
Nine of the top ten: For defense contractors in the Tampa area, see “Defense & Security,” Tampa Hillsborough Economic Development Corporation, http://tampaedc.com/defense-security/.
The O’Reilly Factor: Partial transcript, http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/02/20/transcript-oreilly-interviews-al-arian-in-september-2001.html. This doesn’t include O’Reilly’s “hotbed of militants” statement, which is cited here: http://web.usf.edu/uff/AlArian/Fall.html.
Neil Genshaft: Campaign contributions from the Federal Election Commission, fec.gov.
Richard Beard: The St. Petersburg Times reported on Beard’s objections to the settlement, and on the radio interview with Al-Arian, in Meg Laughlin, “USF Considered $1M payoff to Al-Arian,” February 8, 2007.
a retired three-star general: For General Steele, military partnerships, and the memorandum of understanding, see http://www.usf.edu/world/centers/military-partnerships.aspx; http://www.usf.edu/world/documents/world-index/centcomagreement.pdf; and http://www.research.usf.edu/absolute-news/templates/usfri-template.aspx?articleid=561&zoneid=1.
On a website for grading their professors: www.ratemyprofessors.com.
the 2005 divorce terms: Peng’s divorce is in Hillsborough County court, family law division.
Peng rapidly secured: The establishment of the USF Confucius Institute, its funding, and the Wilcox and Crummett correspondence are described in Peng, “My Open Response to the Second Investigation of Me by the USF Provost’s Office.”
at least $1 billion: Confucius Institute statistics are at http://english.hanban.org/node_7586.htm. China’s 2013 spending is in Confucius Institute Annual Development Report 2013, http://www.hanban.edu.cn/report/pdf/2013.pdf.
attached a caveat: Daniel Golden, “China Says No Talking Tibet as Confucius Funds U.S. Universities,” Bloomberg News, November 2, 2011.
American Association of University Professors: “On Partnerships with Foreign Governments: The Case of Confucius Institutes,” https://www.aaup.org/report/confucius-institutes.
“a cover-up for a gigantic system”: Fabrice de Pierrebourg and Michel Juneau-Katsuya, Nest of Spies: The Startling Truth About Foreign Agents at Work Within Canada’s Borders (Toronto: HarperCollins, 2009), p. 160.
Kent State partnered with Shanghai Normal University: http://einside.kent.edu/Management%20Update%20Archive/news/announcements/success/DollarsSense.html.
donated more than ten thousand dollars: Peng, “My Open Response.”
considering a divorce: Xiaonong Zhang letter to the author, September 28, 2014.
; “admired by many women”: Peng, “My Open Response.”
Sea Elephant: “Some Love Letters from Xiaonong Zhang to Professor Dajin Peng,” an exhibit in a March 22, 2012, memorandum from USF senior vice provost Dwayne Smith to Provost Ralph Wilcox, “Review of Dr. Dajin Peng’s Actions While on Suspension.”
“a bad personality”: Xiaonong Zhang email message to the author, September 28, 2014.
“dishonest, scheming”: Ibid.
Zhang arranged to meet: The complaints by Zhang and Kriesel against Peng are contained in two USF incident report forms. They were filed by Maria Crummett and Eric Shepherd in April 2009.
Born in Shandong Province: http://www.tampabaychineseschool.com/admin/teacher/TeacherClassDescList.aspx.
Shepherd had studied Chinese at Ohio State: http://languages.usf.edu/faculty/data/eshepherd2013_cv.pdf.
traditional storytelling art: “USF’s Chinese Storyteller,” http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=2818.
Kriesel served as Shepherd’s teaching assistant: Interview with Shepherd; Lara Wade-Martinez email to the author, January 5, 2015, confirming Kriesel was hired as a teaching assistant on March 16, 2010.
She was active: For her participation in the Chinese-American Association of Tampa Bay, see http://lists.cas.usf.edu/pipermail/taiwan/2010-September.txt and https://www.corporationwiki.com/Florida/Lutz/chinese-american-association-of-tampa-bay-incorporated-5866431.aspx.
helping to boost attendance: Shuhua Kriesel, resume, provided by Peng.
the university honored Madame Lin Xu: http://dspace.nelson.usf.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10806/14079/USFSP_CommencementAwardees.pdf?sequence=1.
University phone logs: USF provided records of calls between the university and Mercurio’s cell phone on September 11, 2014, and between the university and her office phone on December 9, 2014.
accompanied Zhang to see a vice provost: Shepherd’s incident report form.
passed along her views: Shepherd email message to Wilcox and Crummett, June 7, 2009.
“large cache”: Provost Office Response by Dwayne Smith, Senior Vice Provost, to Peng’s complaint to the USF Office of Diversity and Equal Opportunity.
Provost Wilcox removed Peng: Wilcox letter to Peng, August 25, 2009.
the auditors dug into his spending: The audit’s findings are contained in University Audit and Compliance 09-968, Confucius Institute Misuse of Funds.
“Who said that you cannot swim”: Peng, “My Open Response.”
“It might be a bit right”: Peng, “Response to Ms. Head’s Investigation Report.”
Kate Head: The Department of Homeland Security redacted names from email correspondence setting up the July 31, 2009, meeting between USF officials and immigration agents. However, internal evidence from the emails, including Kate Head’s fax number and a reference to the “nice facility” at University Audit and Compliance as a potential meeting place, indicates that she participated.
“somewhat appears to have traded favors”: Department of Homeland Security investigation report, November 15, 2010.
barred him from its graduate programs: Mohsen Milani letter to Dwayne Smith, December 13, 2009.
“wanted to put you in jail”: Wenzel email message to Peng, July 18, 2010.
“particularly raised the issue … not sure what they could do”: Peng, “FBI and I.”
“Thank you for your willingness”: Peng email message to Mercurio, November 18, 2009.
“We can certainly keep in touch”: Mercurio email message to Peng, November 19, 2009.
7: THE CIA’S FAVORITE UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT
Warren Medal: The account of Spanier receiving the medal is based on an interview with Spanier, and on photos he provided of the medal.
convention of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages: Marty Abbott, ACTFL executive director, email messages to the author, September 2 and 8, 2015.
Modern Language Association: Rosemary Feal, MLA executive director, email message to the author, September 16, 2015.
“high-risk/high pay-off research”: www.iarpa.gov.
more than 175 academic institutions: Interview with IARPA director Jason Matheny.
research on language for the Pentagon: https://www.casl.umd.edu/who-we-serve/governmentprofessional/.
“Classified research always occurs”: Crystal Brown, email message to the author, August 16, 2016. She also confirmed Snowden’s employment.
“Classified research on campus”: William M. Arkin and Alexa O’Brien, “The Most Militarized Universities in America: A VICE News Investigation,” VICE News, November 6, 2015, https://news.vice.com/article/the-most-militarized-universities-in-america-a-vice-news-investigation.
“Due to the high degree”: Mick Kulikowski, “NC State Partners With National Security Agency on Big-Data Lab,” NC State News, August 15, 2013.
“perform classified and highly classified”: Committee on Research, Committee Minutes, August 28, 2011, http://www.bov.vt.edu/minutes/11-08-29minutes/attach_p_08-28-11.pdf.
“conducting sensitive research”: http://www.hume.vt.edu/about/facilities.
“out there in the middle”: Alyssa Bruns and Cory Weinberg, “GW Looks to Capitalize on Covert Research,” GW Hatchet, October 29, 2012. Leo Chalupa, vice president for research, made the statement.
“explore modifying”: “Vision 2021: A Strategic Plan for the Third Century of George Washington University,” https://provost.gwu.edu/files/downloads/Strategic%20Plan.pdf.
“There is a lot of funding”: Tricia Bishop, “Universities Balance Secrecy and Academic Freedom in Classified Work,” Baltimore Sun, September 13, 2013.
Wisconsin allowed its university system to accept classified contracts: Warren Cornwall, “Shh! Wisconsin Seeking to Get In on Secret Cybersecurity Research,” January 8, 2015, www.sciencemag.org.
waived a cap on enrollment: “Regents Approve Lifting Cap on Out-of-State Students at UW-Madison,” www.wisconsin.edu/news/archive/regents, October 9, 2015.
“Mr. Gaffney’s visit to his alma mater”: Email to the author from a CIA spokes-person, November 30, 2016.
a private table at Don Pepe: They asked for a private table after an FBI agent expressed concern in a February 21, 2011, email message that “we would not be able to discuss matters as in depth in a public place … as much as I love Don Pepe’s food.”
“Attached please find all”: James Geller email message to FBI agent, June 12, 2014.
agents met twice with an Iranian graduate student: Phone interview with Susie Askew, director of the international student office at the University of Nevada, Reno.
“half cops-and-robbers”: Robin Winks, Cloak and Gown: Scholars in America’s Secret War (London: Collins Harvill, 1987), p. 115. The numbers of Yale professors and students joining OSS, and the anecdotes about the Yale assistant professor in Istanbul and crew coach Skip Walz, also come from Cloak and Gown.
“classic CIA resume”: Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Anchor Books, 2008), p. 107.
26 percent of college graduates … had Ivy League degrees: Winks, Cloak and Gown, p. 446.
“primary funding source”: http://web.mit.edu/cis/pdf/Panel_ORIGINS.pdf.
National Student Association: The account of the CIA’s penetration of the association is based on Karen M. Paget, Patriotic Betrayal: The Inside Story of the CIA’s Secret Campaign to Enroll American Students in the Crusade Against Communism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).
Gloria Steinem: Ibid., pp. 214–27. The February 27, 1967, quotation from Newsweek is cited on p. 380.
“thousands of foreign students’ political tendencies”: Ibid., pp. 399–400.
a Michigan State University program: Warren Hinckle, Sol Stern, and Robert Scheer, “The University on the Make,” Ramparts, April 1966.
The Johnson administration responded: Loch K. Johnson, America’s Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 158.
/> “eleven CIA officers”: Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, pp. 329–30.
seventy-seven instances: Ralph E. Cook, “The CIA and Academe,” Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1983, p. 35; approved for release July 29, 2014.
Brooklyn College: Johnson, America’s Secret Power, p. 167.
“It is not true”: Winks, Cloak and Gown, p. 441.
“several hundred academics … providing leads”: Book 1, “Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities,” p. 452.
“The Committee believes”: Ibid., p. 191.
A federal judge ordered 168 deletions: Jane Mayer, “CIA Gag Order on Halperin Modified,” Washington Star, October 4, 1980.
“I would conclude that the CIA feels”: Correspondence from Daniel Steiner to Cord Meyer Jr., October 11, 1977.
Their 1977 guidelines prohibited: The Harvard guidelines promulgated by the Committee on Relationships Between the Harvard Community and U.S. Intelligence Agencies may be found in “National Intelligence Reorganization and Reform Act of 1978, Hearings Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate,” pp. 643–48. The “willing to suffer” quotation is on p. 648. Bok’s “highly vulnerable” quotation is on p. 640.
“it would be foolish”: Stansfield Turner, Secrecy and Democracy: The CIA in Transition (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,1985), p. 108.
“a matter of choice”: Turner correspondence to Bok, May 15, 1978; Hearings Before the Select Committee on Intelligence, p. 659.
the CIA promulgated: The text of the CIA regulation is on p. 660 of the Intelligence Committee hearings.
After CIA director Turner lobbied: Ernest Volkman, “Spies on Campus,” Penthouse, October 1979.
The CIA moved to mend: On CIA initiatives to bring college presidents and scholars-in-residence to Langley, see Cook, “The CIA and Academe,” p. 39.
“Whether or not his ‘no comments’”: John Hollister Hedley, “Twenty Years of Officers in Residence,” https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol49no4/Officers_in_Residence_3.htm.
A former student’s memoir: John Kiriakou with Michael Ruby, The Reluctant Spy: My Secret Life in the CIA’s War on Terror (New York: Skyhorse, 2009), pp. 14–15, 24.
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