Frontier Figures

by Beth E. Levy

  Crist, Elizabeth B[ergman]. Music for the Common Man: Aaron Copland during the Depression and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

  Crist, Elizabeth B[ergman], and Wayne Shirley, eds. The Selected Correspondence of Aaron Copland. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2006.

  Culbertson, Evelyn Davis. “Arthur Farwell's Early Efforts on Behalf of American Music, 1889-1921.” American Music 5 (1987): 156-75.

  ———. He Heard America Singing: Arthur Farwell, Composer, and Crusading Music Educator. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

  Curtis, Natalie. The Indians' Book. 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1923. Reprint, New York: Dover, 1968.

  Deloria, Philip J. Indians in Unexpected Places. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004.

  ———. Playing Indian. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1998.

  de Mille, Agnes. Dance to the Piper. Boston: Little, Brown, 1952. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1980.

  Denby, Edwin. Dance Writings. Edited by Robert Cornfield and William Mackay. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.

  ———. Dance Writings and Poetry. Edited by Robert Cornfield. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.

  ———. “Thomson Scores for a New Deal Film.” Modern Music 13 (May-June 1936): 46-47.

  Dickinson, Peter, ed. Copland Connotations: Studies and Interviews. Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2002.

  Dippie, Brian W. The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy. Middle-town, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982.

  “Documented Dust.” Time, 25 May 1936, 47.

  Downes, Olin. “Harris Symphony Has Premiere Here.” New York Times, 3 February 1934, 9.

  DuPree, Mary Herron. “The Failure of American Music: The Critical View from the 1920s.” Journal of Musicology 2 (1983): 305-15.

  Easton, Carol. No Intermissions: The Life of Agnes de Mille. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996.

  Ellis, Peter [Irving Lerner]. “The Plow That Broke the Plains.” New Theatre (July 1936): 18.

  Elwell, Herbert. “Harris' Folksong Symphony.” Modern Music 18 (January-February 1941): 113-14.

  Erickson, Ron. Preface to Quintet for Piano and Strings, by Arthur Farwell. San Francisco: Erickson Editions, 1997.

  Etulain, Richard W., ed. The American West in the Twentieth Century: A Bibliography. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.

  Evett, Robert. “The Harmonic Idiom of Roy Harris.” Modern Music 23 (January-February 1946): 100-107.

  Ewen, David. American Composers. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1949.

  Farwell, Arthur. “Aspects of Indian Music.” Southern Workman 31 (1902): 211-17.

  ———. “Community Music and the Music Teacher.” Proceedings of the Music Teachers' National Association 11 (1916): 191-98.

  ———. “National Work vs. Nationalism.” New Music Review 8, no. 92 (July 1909): 432-34.

  ———. “Pioneering for American Music.” Modern Music 12 (March-April 1935): 116-22.

  ———. “The Riddle of the Southwest, I, II, III.” Los Angeles Times, 26 September, 27 September, and 29 September, 1926.

  ———. “Roy Harris.” Musical Quarterly 18 (1932): 18-32.

  ———. “The Struggle Toward a National Music.” North American Review 186 (December 1907): 565-70.

  ———. “Wanderjahre of a Revolutionist” and Other Essays on American Music. Edited by Thomas Stoner. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 1995.

  Farwell, Brice, ed. A Guide to the Music of Arthur Farwell and to the Microfilm Collection of His Work: A Centennial Commemoration Prepared by His Children. Briarcliff Manor, NY: The Estate of Arthur Farwell, 1972.

  Fenster, Mark. “Preparing the Audience, Informing the Performers: John A. Lomax and Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads.” American Music 7 (1989): 260-77.

  Fife, Austin E., and Alta S. Fife, eds. Cowboy and Western Songs: A Comprehensive Anthology. Music edited by Mary Jo Schwab. N.p.: Clarkson N. Potter, 1969.

  Filene, Benjamin. Romancing the Folk: Public Memory and American Roots Music. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

  Fine, Irving. “Young America: Bernstein and Foss.” Modern Music 22 (May-June 1945): 238-43.

  Fletcher, Alice. The Hako: Song, Pipe, and Unity in a Pawnee Calumet Ceremony. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.

  ———. Indian Story and Song from North America. Boston: Small Maynard and Company, 1900.

  “Folk-song Symphony.” Time, 6 January 1941, 34.

  Foss, Lukas. “The Prairie, A Parable of Death, and Psalms.” In The Composer's Point of View: Essays on Twentieth-Century Choral Music by Those Who Wrote It, edited by Robert Stephan Hines. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.

  Fry, Stephen M., ed. California's Musical Wealth: Sources for the Study of Music in California. Music Library Association, Southern California Chapter, 1988.

  Gabriel, Charles H., Jr. “Music and Colored Lighting Glorify Natural Theater.” Musical America, 21 November 1926, 3.

  Gann, Kyle. American Music in the Twentieth Century. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1997.

  Gibbs, L. Chesley, and Dan Stehman. “The Roy Harris Revival.” American Record Guide 42, no. 7 (May 1979): 8-13; 42, no. 8 (June 1979): 4-8, 57-59.

  Glassberg, David. American Historical Pageantry: The Uses of Tradition in the Early Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

  Goetzmann, William H., and William N. Goetzmann. The West of the Imagination. New York: W.W. Norton, 1986.

  Goldberg, Isaac. “Aaron Copland and His Jazz.” American Mercury, September 1927, 63-65.

  ———. “Roy Harris.” Musical Record 1, no. 7 (December 1933): 253-56.

  ———. “Roy Harris's Symphony: 1933-Again Americanism in Music.” Musical Record 1, no. 10 (March 1934): 354-56.

  Graziano, John. “Community Theater, Caliban by the Yellow Sands, and Arthur Farwell.” In Vistas of American Music: Essays and Compositions in Honor of William K. Kearns, edited by John Graziano and Susan Porter, 293-308. Warren, MI: Harmonie Park, 1999.

  Green, Douglas B. “The Singing Cowboy: An American Dream.” Journal of Country Music 7 (May 1978): 4-62.

  Grofé, Ferde. “Story of the Grand Canyon Suite.” 1938. Reprinted in Arizona Highways 71, no. 4 (1995): 5.

  Gruen, Jason Philip. “Manifest Destinations: Tourist Encounters in the Urban American West, 1869-1893.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 2004.

  Hall, Roger A. Performing the American Frontier, 1870-1906. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

  Hanson, Howard. “Twenty Years' Growth in America.” Modern Music 20 (January-February 1943): 95-101.

  Harris, Johana. “Personal Note.” In The Book of Modern Composers, edited by David Ewen, 451. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1942.

  Harris, Roy. “American Music Enters a New Phase.” Scribner's Magazine 96 (October 1934): 218-21.

  ———. “Folksong—American Big Business.” Modern Music 18 (November-December 1940): 8-11. Reprinted in Contemporary Composers on Contemporary Music, edited by Elliott Schwartz and Barney Childs, 160-64. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967.

  ———. “The Growth of a Composer.” Musical Quarterly 20 (1934): 188-91.

  ———. “Perspective at Forty.” Magazine of Art 32, no.11 (1939): 638-39, 667-71.

  Hinds, B. Wayne. “Leo Sowerby: A Biography and Descriptive Listing of Anthems.” EdD thesis, George Peabody College for Teachers, 1972.

  Hollinger, David A. Postethnic America. New York: Harper Collins, 1995.

  “Home-Grown Composer.” Time, 8 April 1940, 45-46.

  Hoover, Kathleen O'Connell, and John Cage. Virgil Thomson: His Life and Works. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959; repr. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1970.

  Horowitz, Joseph. Classical Music in America: A History of Its Rise and Fall. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.

  ———. “Dvo�
�k and Boston.” American Music 19 (2001): 3-17.

  Horsman, Reginald. Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  Howard, John Tasker. Our American Music. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1931.

  ———. Our Contemporary Composers. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1941.

  Hubbs, Nadine. The Queer Composition of America's Sound: Gay Modernists, American Music, and National Identity. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004.

  Hyde, Anne Farrar. An American Vision: Far Western Landscape and National Culture, 1820-1920. New York: New York University Press, 1990.

  Jacobson, Matthew Frye. Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

  Jones, Isabel Morse. Hollywood Bowl. New York: G. Schirmer, 1936.

  Kalinak, Kathryn. How the West Was Sung: Music in the Westerns of John Ford. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2007.

  Kay, Norman. “Aspects of Copland's Development.” Tempo 95 (1970-71): 23-29.

  Kendall, Alan. The Tender Tyrant, Nadia Boulanger: A Life Devoted to Music. London: MacDonald, 1976.

  Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Key, Margaret Susan. “‘Sweet melody over silent wave': Depression-Era Radio and the American Composer.” PhD diss., University of Maryland, College Park, 1995. Kingman, Daniel. American Music: A Panorama. Foreword by Virgil Thomson. New York: Schirmer Books, 1979.

  Kirk, Edgar Lee. “Toward American Music: A Study of the Life and Music of Arthur George Farwell.” PhD diss., Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester, 1958.

  Kirk, Elise. American Opera. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.

  Klein, Kerwin Lee. Frontiers of Historical Imagination: Narrating the European Conquest of Native America, 1890-1990. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997.

  Kleppinger, Stanley V. “On the Influence of Jazz Rhythm in the Music of Aaron Copland.” American Music 21 (2003): 74-111.

  Koegel, John. “Mexican-American Music in Nineteenth-Century Southern California: The Lummis Wax Cylinder Collection at the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles.” PhD diss., Claremont Graduate School, 1994.

  Kolodin, Irving. “Wanted—An American Composer.” The New Republic, 16 January 1935, 272-74.

  Larkin, Margaret. The Singing Cowboy: A Book of Western Songs. New York: Oak Publications, 1931.

  Lears, T. J. Jackson. No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880-1920. New York: Pantheon Books, 1981.

  Lerner, Neil William. “The Classical Documentary Score in American Films of Persuasion: Contexts and Case Studies, 1936-1945.” PhD diss., Duke University, 1997.

  ———. “Copland's Music of Wide Open Spaces: Surveying the Pastoral Trope in Hollywood.” Musical Quarterly 85 (2001): 477-515.

  Levant, Oscar. A Smattering of Ignorance. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing, 1940.

  Limerick, Patricia Nelson. “Disorientation and Reorientation: The American Landscape Discovered from the West.” In Discovering America: Essays on the Search for an Identity, edited by David Thelen and Frederick E. Hoxie, 187-215. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

  ———. Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. New York: W. W. Norton, 1987.

  ———. Something in the Soil: Legacies and Reckonings in the New West. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.

  “Log Cabin Composer.” Time 26, 11 November 1935, 36-37.

  Lomax, John A., and Alan Lomax. Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads. Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1938.

  Lorentz, Pare. FDR's Moviemaker: Memoirs and Scripts. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1992.

  ———. Lorentz on Film: Movies 1927 to 1941. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.

  Lummis, Charles. “Catching Our Archaeology Alive.” Out West 22, no. 1 (January 1905): 35-47.

  ———. “New Mexican Folk-Songs.” Cosmopolitan, October 1892, 720.

  Mark, Joan. A Stranger in Her Native Land. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1988.

  Martin, John. “The Dance: ‘Billy': Loring Ballet Restored to the Repertoire.” New York Times, 11 April 1948.

  Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

  Mason, Daniel Gregory. Music in My Time and Other Reminiscences. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1938.

  ———. Tune In, America: A Study of Our Coming Musical Independence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1931.

  Masterson, Michael Lee. “Sounds of the Frontier: Music in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Shows.” PhD diss., University of New Mexico, 1990.

  McNutt, James C. “John Comfort Fillmore: A Student of Indian Music Reconsidered.” American Music 2 (1984): 61-70.

  McWilliams, Carey. “Myths of the West.” North American Review 232 (November 1931): 424-32.

  Meckna, Michael. “The Rise of the American Composer-Critic: Aaron Copland, Roger Sessions, Virgil Thomson and Elliott Carter in the Periodical Modern Music.” PhD diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1984.

  ———. “Sacred and Secular America: Virgil Thomson's Symphony on a Hymn Tune.” American Music 8 (1990): 465-76.

  Mellers, Wilfrid. Music in a New Found Land: Themes and Developments in the History of American Music. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.

  Mendel, Arthur. “Music: A Change in Structure.” The Nation 134, no. 3470 (6 January 1932): 26.

  ———. “The Quintet of Roy Harris.” Modern Music 17 (October-November 1939): 25-28.

  Metzer, David. “‘Spurned Love': Eroticism and Abstraction in the Early Works of Aaron Copland.” Journal of Musicology 15 (1997): 419-43.

  Miller, Leta E., and Catherine Parsons Smith. “Playing with Politics: Crisis in the San Francisco Federal Music Project.” California History 86, no. 2 (2009): 26-47, 68-71.

  Millichap, Joseph R. Steinbeck and Film. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1983.

  Moore, MacDonald Smith. Yankee Blues: Musical Culture and American Identity. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.

  Morton, Lawrence. “The Red Pony: A Review of Aaron Copland's Score.” Film Music Notes (February 1949): 2-8.

  Most, Andrea. Making Americans: Jews and the Broadway Musical. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.

  Murchison, Gayle Minetta. “Nationalism in William Grant Still and Aaron Copland between the Wars: Style and Ideology.” PhD diss., Yale University, 1998.

  Nancarrow, Conlon. “Over the Air.” Modern Music 17 (May-June 1940): 263-65.

  Nash, Gerald D. Creating the West: Historical Interpretations, 1890-1990. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1991.

  Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967.

  Neff, Severine. “An American Precursor of Non-tonal Theory: Ernst Bacon (1898-1990).” Current Musicology 48 (1991): 5-26.

  Nicholls, David, ed. The Cambridge History of American Music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

  Oja, Carol. Making Music Modern: New York in the 1920s. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  Oja, Carol, and Judith Tick, eds. Aaron Copland and His World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.

  Olmstead, Andrea. “The Copland-Sessions Letters.” Tempo 175 (1990): 2-5.

  ———, ed. The Correspondence of Roger Sessions. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992.

  Padget, Martin. “Travel, Exoticism, and the Writing of Region: Charles Fletcher Lummis and the ‘Creation' of the Southwest.” Journal of the Southwest 37, no. 3 (1995): 421-49.

  Parakilas, James. “The Soldier and the Exotic: Operatic Variations on a Theme of Racial Encounter, Part II.” Opera Quarterly 10, no. 3 (1994): 43-69.

  P[a
rker], H[enry] T[aylor]. “Manifold, Abundant, Individual.” Boston Evening Transcript, 27 January 1934, pt. 3: 4 (review of Harris, Symphony 1933).

  Perison, Harry D. “Charles Wakefield Cadman: His Life and Works.” PhD diss., Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester, 1978.

  ———. “The ‘Indian' Operas of Charles Wakefield Cadman.” College Music Symposium 22, no. 2 (1982): 20-48.

  Perlis, Vivian, and Libby Van Cleve. Composers' Voices from Ives to Ellington: An Oral History of American Music. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2005.

  Perlove, Nina. “Inherited Sound Images: Native American Exoticism in Aaron Copland's Duo for Flute and Piano.” American Music 18 (2000): 50-77.

  Perspectives of New Music 19, nos. 1-2 (1980-81). [Special Copland issue.]

  Pisani, Michael. “Exotic Sounds in the Native Land.” PhD diss., Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester, 1996.

  ———. “From Hiawatha to Wa-Wan: Musical Boston and the Uses of Native American Lore.” American Music 19 (2001): 39-50.

  ———. Imagining Native America in Music. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2005.

  ———. “‘I'm an Indian too': Creating Native American Identities in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Music.” In The Exotic in Western Music, edited by Jonathan Bellman, 218-57. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998.

  Piston, Walter. “Roy Harris.” Modern Music 11 (January-February 1934): 73-83.

  Pollack, Howard. Aaron Copland: The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man. New York: Henry Holt, 1999.

  ———. “The Dean of Gay American Composers,” American Music 18 (2000): 39-49.

  ———. George Gershwin: His Life and Music. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006.

  Prevots, Naima. American Pageantry: A Movement for Art and Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Research Press, 1990.

  Prown, Jules David, Nancy K. Anderson, William Cronon, Brian W. Dippie, Martha A. Sandweiss, Susan P. Schoelwer, and Howard R. Lamar. Discovered Lands, Invented Pasts: Transforming Visions of the American West. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.

  Randall, Annie, and Rosalind Gray Davis. Puccini and the Girl: The History and Reception of “The Girl of the Golden West.” Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.