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The Code Page 65

by Margaret O'Mara


  Hearst, Patricia, 133

  Heilemann, John, 327

  Heizer, Ned, 76–77, 101, 161–62

  Hewlett, Bill, 5, 19, 21, 32–33, 49, 86, 106, 147, 148, 184, 201, 202, 224, 237, 331, 351

  Hewlett-Packard (HP), 31–33, 36, 38, 49, 55, 77, 105, 141, 147, 149, 184, 201, 202, 213, 215, 233, 237–38, 262, 294, 305, 352, 355, 356, 363, 370

  High Performance Computing Act, 290

  Hiroshima, 23

  Hirsch, E. D., 253

  Hoefler, Don, 99–101, 103–4, 356

  Hoerni, Jean, 50

  Homebrew Computer Club, 136, 137–39, 141–42, 144, 146–48, 152, 153, 155, 157, 165, 185, 229, 230, 255, 257, 303, 327, 338, 369

  Homer, Mike, 305

  Hoover, Herbert, 19, 29, 34–35, 160, 299

  Hoover Institution, 35, 127, 251, 252, 262, 383

  Horowitz, Ben, 392, 395

  Hughes, Chris, 373

  Humphrey, Hubert, 88, 127

  Iaccoca, Lee, 210

  IBM, 3, 13, 25–28, 36, 41, 42, 48, 53, 55, 57, 63, 99, 101, 108, 116, 120, 123, 125–26, 128, 130, 134, 159, 181, 187, 211, 217, 227–29, 231–40, 242–44, 267, 274, 276, 285, 327, 328, 340, 342, 344, 383

  Illich, Ivan, 132, 133

  Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 386

  Immigration and Nationality Act, 83–84

  IMSAI, 144

  Inc., 190, 219

  Inconvenient Truth, An, 395, 396

  InfoWorld, 3, 186, 195, 197, 265, 286

  Ingalls, Dan, 130

  Ingram, Gary, 144

  In-Q-Tel, 386

  Intel, 41–42, 88, 91, 100–103, 108, 136, 141–42, 147–49, 165, 176, 181, 201, 207, 209, 210, 231, 239, 249, 271, 304, 309, 343, 355, 356, 366, 370, 372

  Internet, 5, 6, 61, 66, 84, 226, 254, 258, 259, 284, 287–92, 300, 301, 302–6, 309–14, 316–18, 321, 324, 326–32, 338, 339, 341–43, 346, 347, 352–53, 357–58, 359, 361–63, 366, 368–70, 372, 382, 393, 396, 403, 404, 408

  Internet Explorer (IE), 342–43

  Internet Freedom and Family Empowerment Act, 329

  Introduction to Microcomputers, An (Osborne), 185–86

  Intuit, 316, 364

  iPhone, 376–78, 390, 395

  Isaacson, Walter, 376

  Jackson, Thomas Penfield, 346, 349

  Janoff, Rob, 149

  Japan, 89, 165, 166, 206–11, 214–16, 220, 222–26, 231, 244, 249, 276, 287, 289, 307, 323, 337, 350, 380

  Java, 306–7, 341, 346

  Jobs, Steve, 1, 3, 5, 138, 147–52, 154, 155, 157, 178, 181, 184–90, 195, 199, 200, 204, 205, 212, 213, 216–19, 221, 223, 224, 231–33, 237, 241–43, 247, 264, 265–70, 272, 274, 285, 304, 315, 334–36, 364, 368, 371, 374, 275–81, 388, 392, 404

  Johnson, Chalmers, 224

  Johnson, Haynes, 243, 244, 261

  Johnson, Lyndon B., 34, 51, 72–73, 83–84, 88, 125, 227

  Johnson, Pitch, 69, 73–75, 78, 80, 398

  Jones, Edward W., 25–26

  Jones, Jennifer, 200

  Jordan, David Starr, 18

  Joy, Bill, 275, 277

  Kalil, Tom, 299

  Kamifuji, Tom, 149

  Kapor, Mitch, 240–41, 258, 275, 286, 291–92, 295–96, 300, 301, 370, 404

  Karp, Alex, 385

  Katz, Roberta, 79, 345

  Kay, Alan, 129, 130, 312, 375–76

  Kellner, Jo, 234

  Kelly, Richard, 210

  Kennedy, Don, 248, 252, 254

  Kennedy, John F., 34, 46, 51, 65, 66, 69, 373

  Kennedy, John F., Jr., 328

  Kepler, Roy, 128

  Kerr, Clark, 29, 81, 114

  KeyLogic, 256

  Keyworth, George (Jay), 323, 324, 326

  Khosla, Vinod, 275, 305

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 48

  Kilby, Jack, 50, 54

  Kildall, Gary, 229

  Killian, James R., Jr., 45

  King, Edward, 193

  King, Martin Luther, Jr., 127

  Kirkpatrick, David, 394

  Klein, Joel, 345

  Kleiner, Eugene, 40, 41, 180, 202

  Kleiner Perkins (KP), 142, 202, 275, 304–7, 335, 337, 355, 385, 393, 395–98

  Koogle, Tim, 309

  Koppel, Ted, 217

  Korean War, 15, 23, 30, 69, 78

  Kubrick, Stanley, 85

  Kurtzig, Sandra, 212

  Kvamme, Floyd, 93, 234, 265, 305, 336, 337

  Lamm, Dick, 336

  Lancaster, Don, 131, 154

  Lane, Mel, 165

  Lapham, Ellen, 200

  Last, Jay, 40

  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 27, 59, 60, 246, 312

  Lerach, Bill, 333–34, 337

  Lesher, Richard, 196

  Levitt, Arthur, 319

  Levy, Steven, 3, 247, 258

  Lewcock, Tom, 250

  Lewin, Dan’l, 265, 269

  Lewinsky, Monica, 346–47

  Lewis, Michael, 316

  Libes, Sol, 140, 144, 186

  Licklider, Joseph C. R., 57, 64, 119

  Life, 91, 128

  Lincoln Laboratory, 57, 110

  LinkedIn, 367

  Litton, Charles, 19

  Lloyd, Robert, 103

  Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, 29, 36–39, 47–49, 59, 68, 77, 92, 146, 184, 211, 249–50, 259, 278, 383, 384, 386, 402, 404

  Loop, Liza, 115–18, 120, 126, 134–36, 139, 148, 150, 193, 205, 369

  LO*OP Center, 135, 148, 220

  Los Alamos National Laboratory, 26, 312

  Los Angeles Times, 220–21

  Lotus, 189, 240, 241, 258, 275, 286

  Lycos, 353

  Manes, Stephen, 155

  Magnavox, 107

  Manhattan Project, 20, 22, 37, 46, 122, 396, 403

  Manhattan Project (IBM), 227, 232, 242

  Markey, Ed, 291, 347

  Markkula, Mike, 149, 150, 181, 188, 233

  Markoff, John, 303

  Marquardt, David, 230, 232

  Marriott, Pat, 234

  Marsh, Bob, 144

  Marshall Plan, 71, 88, 396

  Martin, Hélène, 408–10

  Marxism, 35, 121, 133

  Massachusetts Business Roundtable, 168

  Massachusetts High Technology Council, 168, 214

  May, Timothy, 328

  Mayfield Fund, 88, 91, 371

  McCarthy, John, 55–58, 91, 119, 138, 353

  McCarthy, Joseph, 24, 70

  McCaskill, Claire, 394

  McCloskey, Pete, 78–79, 164–65, 169, 221–22, 331

  McCloskey, Wilson, & Mosher, 78

  McCracken, Ed, 297–98, 305

  McCullough, Jack, 19

  McDonnell, John, 256

  McDonnell Douglas, 255

  McElroy, Neil, 45

  McGovern, George, 161, 192, 193

  McKenna, Dianne, 293, 294

  McKenna, Regis, 96–98, 101, 102, 147–52, 177, 182–84, 186–88, 194, 200–201, 204, 205, 209, 211–13, 223, 224, 242–44, 261–62, 266, 267, 274, 294, 297, 305, 324, 335, 337, 364, 379, 391

  McMurtry, Burt, 14–15, 32, 36, 39, 43, 46, 69, 77–78, 90, 142, 159, 166, 167, 189, 197, 202, 222–24, 229–30, 249, 360, 399, 406–7

  McMurtry, Deedee, 15, 43, 78, 406

  McNamara, Robert, 51–52, 64–65, 88–89

  McNamee, Stephen, 286

  McNealy, Scott, 223, 275–76, 327–28, 341, 346

  McVeigh, Timothy, 328

  Mead, Carver, 208

  Medvedev, Dmitry, 388–90, 403

  Meeker, Mary, 316–18, 359, 393, 397

  Melchor, Jack, 77–78, 90, 159,
166

  Metcalfe, Bob, 129–30

  Microelectronics and Computer Technology Consortium (MCC), 215

  Microelectronics News, 103–4

  Micro Millennium, The (Evans), 156

  MicroNET, 257

  Microsoft, 1–3, 154, 172, 201, 221, 227–32, 237, 239, 241, 244, 266, 271–75, 278, 309, 312–14, 320–22, 328, 330, 337, 339–46, 349–51, 355, 356, 366, 368, 369, 375, 377, 383, 391, 392, 401, 409

  Millard, Bill, 144

  Miller, Bob, 277–78

  Miller, Bill, 88, 91, 371

  Millines Dziko, Trish, 175–76, 270–72, 320, 322, 401

  Milner, Yuri, 393

  Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), 208, 212, 224, 226, 307

  Minsky, Marvin, 56, 58, 119

  Minuteman missiles, 51

  MIPS, 277, 317

  MIT, 11, 20–22, 28, 29, 30, 38, 39, 45, 53, 54, 56–58, 67, 68, 70, 82, 91, 92, 110, 115, 175, 188, 201, 203, 225, 279

  Mitchell, Arnold, 143, 242, 265

  MITS, 135, 136, 138, 139, 144, 154, 155

  Moffett Field, 19

  Mondale, Walter, 243

  Monolithic Memories, 209

  Moore, Fred, 137–39, 143, 146

  Moore, Gordon, 40, 41, 50, 52, 88, 100–103, 106, 176, 179, 307, 335

  Moore’s Law, 52, 99, 106, 134, 179, 307

  Morgan, Becky, 331

  Morgan Stanley, 188, 189, 316, 317, 393

  Morgenthaler, David, 11–12, 14, 15, 39, 43, 87, 101, 162, 163, 166, 168–70, 181–82, 189, 197, 222, 223, 225, 280, 360, 399, 407

  Morgenthaler, Gary, 280

  Morgenthaler Ventures, 280

  Moritz, Michael, 188, 190, 205, 308–9, 355, 363–64

  Mosaic, 304–5, 308, 319, 352

  Mossberg, Walt, 358

  MOS Technology, 147

  Motorola, 99, 376

  Murphy, Michael, 128

  Musk, Elon, 397, 402

  MySpace, 367

  Nader, Ralph, 125, 345, 346

  Nagasaki, 23

  Naked Society, The (Packard), 120–21

  Napster, 358, 367, 375, 394

  National Academy of Sciences, 289

  National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), 19, 36

  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 45, 46, 51, 63, 67, 89, 103, 129, 153, 206, 211, 247, 352

  National Defense Education Act, 45

  National Geographic, 198

  National Information Infrastructure (NII), 299, 324, 350, 352

  National Review, 252

  National Science Foundation (NSF), 23–25, 287–88, 290–91, 306, 352

  National Securities Dealers, 62–63

  National Security Agency, 269

  National Semiconductor, 97–98, 101, 103, 149, 164, 210

  National Venture Capital Association (NVCA), 162–63, 165, 167, 197, 223

  Nation at Risk, A, 219

  Navy, U.S., 19, 24

  Nelson, Ted, 118–19, 132, 140, 151, 240, 287

  Netcom, 316

  NetDay, 331–33

  Netscape, 79, 305–6, 309, 316–19, 321, 322, 340–44, 346, 354, 361, 372

  Neukom, Bill, 346

  Neuromancer (Gibson), 247

  New Issues, 180

  Newsweek, 303

  New Yorker, 168, 183, 359

  New York Times, 21, 25, 46, 88, 104, 129, 152, 204, 286, 303

  NeXT Computer, 267, 269–70, 288–89

  Nightline, 217

  1984 (Orwell), 120–21, 243

  Nixon, Richard, 41, 48, 65, 72, 86, 90, 91, 96, 116, 118, 119, 123–25, 161, 162, 164, 165, 192, 245, 294

  Nokia, 376

  Noyce, Bob, 40, 41, 50, 54, 68, 69, 88, 100–103, 105, 106, 109, 148, 152, 165, 204, 209, 212, 215, 223, 224, 262, 278, 298, 334, 335

  NSFNET, 287–89

  Obama, Barack, 373–74, 385, 394, 396–97

  Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 20–22, 24

  Olsen, Ken, 54, 55, 68, 86, 181, 191, 204, 279

  Olympics, 85, 91, 243

  Omidyar, Pierre, 310–11

  Opel, John, 228–29, 242

  Operation Sun Devil, 285–87, 293

  Oppenheimer & Co., 324

  Oracle, 249, 322

  O’Reilly, Tim, 352

  O’Rourke, Tom, 59, 106, 255

  Orwell, George, 120–21, 243

  Osborne, Adam, 86–87, 185–86, 188, 190, 237

  Overture, 365

  Packard, Dave, 5, 19, 21, 31–35, 49, 77, 86, 106, 109, 164, 184, 195, 201, 202, 213, 214, 237, 246, 250, 294–97, 327, 330–31, 334–36, 351, 384

  Packard, Vance, 120–21, 123

  Page, Larry, 351–55, 362–65, 373, 375, 404

  Palantir, 385–87

  Palevsky, Max, 76

  Palihapitiya, Chamath, 357–58, 361, 370–71, 386, 394–95, 399–403, 405

  Palm, 376

  Palo Alto Investment Company, 77–78

  Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 129–31, 136, 137, 147, 208, 225, 230, 231, 234, 247, 248, 273, 312, 338, 352, 364, 375, 385

  Pao, Ellen, 397–98, 400

  Parker, Rachel, 286

  Parker, Sean, 394, 395, 399

  Paul, Rand, 394

  PayPal, 254, 355, 365, 385, 395, 400

  PCC, 118, 132, 134, 139, 140, 148

  PC Forum, 323, 324

  PC Week, 275

  PCWorld, 274

  Peery, Richard, 80

  Pentagon, 38, 64–65, 67, 86, 225–26, 247, 248, 351, 383–84

  People, 274

  People’s Computer Center, 134, 135, 137–38

  People’s Computer Company (PCC), 118, 131, 136, 137, 140, 146, 220

  Perkins, Tom, 180, 197, 202

  Perot, H. Ross, 39, 58, 215, 228, 268–69, 292–93, 336, 387

  Personal Computing, 2–3

  Personal Computing Expo, 140

  Personal Electronic Transactor (PET), 157, 182, 183

  Personal Software, 240–41

  Pets.com, 360, 361

  Polaris, 37

  Polese, Kim, 306, 307, 348

  Pong, 106–8, 139

  Popular Electronics, 113, 115, 135, 136, 144–46

  Porat, Dan, 317

  Porat, Marc, 317

  Porat, Ruth, 317, 393

  Portola Institute, 118, 128

  Prime Computer, 55

  Privacy Act, 124

  Processor Technology (Proc Tech), 144–46

  Prodigy, 63, 255, 287, 306

  Progress & Freedom Foundation (PFF), 323–27

  Proposition 13, 170, 217, 332

  Proposition 211, 334–37

  Putin, Vladimir, 403

  Quattrone, Frank, 317

  Quist, George, 74, 88

  Rabois, Keith, 253–54

  Radio-Electronics, 131, 154

  Radio Shack, 157, 182, 187–88

  Ramo, Simon, 63

  Rand, Paul, 267

  RAND Corporation, 44, 65, 124

  Raymond, Eric, 155

  Raytheon, 20, 39, 67, 110, 384

  Reagan, Ronald, 3–5, 109, 112, 142, 160, 164, 168, 191, 193–98, 211, 213–15, 217, 219, 222–24, 227, 243, 246–56, 259, 260, 262, 263, 270, 287, 293, 295, 311, 351, 388

  Reback, Gary, 342–45

  Reddit, 368, 374

  Regis McKenna Inc. (RMI), 200–201, 242

  Reich, Charles, 125, 132

  Release 1.0, 323, 324

  Reno, Janet, 345

  Resource One, 118, 131

  Rice, Condoleezza, 253, 386

  Rice University, 14, 46, 77, 142, 166, 202, 406<
br />
  Richardson, Jean, 200, 201, 340

  Road Ahead, The (Gates), 343

  Roberts, Ed, 136, 138, 144, 154

  Rock, Arthur, 41–42, 76, 88, 181, 189, 241

  Rockwell International, 196

  Rodgers, T. J., 298, 319, 321, 336

  Rolling Stone, 130

  ROLM, 166–67, 201, 202, 239, 249

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 20, 22–23, 160, 163, 373

  Rosen, Ben, 176–77, 179, 187–89, 197, 235, 240, 241, 269, 316, 324

  Rubin, Robert, 299

  Russia, 388–89

  Sacks, David, 253–54, 395, 399

  Saffo, Paul, 128

  Samsung, 376

  Sandberg, Sheryl, 364, 370

  Sanders, Jerry, 3, 101, 104, 113, 195, 199, 204, 207, 208, 212, 215, 244, 336, 394

  San Francisco Chronicle, 321, 349

  San Jose Mercury News, 36, 306, 316–17, 335, 379

  Savio, Mario, 120, 125

  Saxenian, AnnaLee, 67

  Schenker, William, 186

  Schmidt, Dave, 59

  Schmidt, Eric, 307, 363–64, 373, 374, 377

  Schumacher, E. F., 125, 132, 290

  Science, 352

  Scientific Data Systems (SDS), 59, 76, 118, 139, 382

  Scott, Ridley, 243

  Sculley, John, 236, 242–43, 266, 267, 295–97, 364, 376

  Sears, 63, 107–8, 233, 314

  Seattle Times, 272

  Securities and Exchange Commission, 319

  Sematech, 216, 262, 278

  Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, 57

  Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), 166, 209, 215, 350

  Sequoia Capital, 190, 308–9, 355, 385

  Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques, 88, 89

  Sevin, L. J., 189

  Sevin Rosen Funds, 189

  Shaffer, Richard, 269

  Shannon, Jim, 218

  Shaw, David E., 311, 313, 386

  Shepard, Alan, 153

  Shockley, William, 39–40, 102, 104

  Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, 39–41, 278, 351, 372

  Shriram, Ram, 354, 399

  Shultz, George, 245, 251, 259

  Shustek, Len, 138

  Silicon Graphics, 277, 295, 297–98, 305, 308, 317, 362

  Simonyi, Charles, 230–32, 273, 283

  Singapore, 89, 158, 216, 264

  Slate, 345

  Small Business Investment Company (SBIC), 73–74, 76, 88

  Small Is Beautiful (Schumacher), 125

  Smalltalk, 130

  Smith, Craig, 293

  Smith, Roger, 268, 269

  Smith, Tommie, 85, 91

  Sobrato, Ann and John, 80

  Social Capital, 394–95, 400–401

  Sol, 145, 148

  Solomon, Les, 145

  Solyndra, 397

  Sonoma County Computer Club, 134

  Sonsini, Larry, 79

 

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