Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World
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Reza Khan, Shah of Persia 120, 242
Riggs, Thomas 143, 145
Rio de Janeiro 7, 49, 50–56, 139, 140, 202
1919 Carnival 268
RNA, flu 184–5, 190, 191
Rockefeller, John D. 244, 246
Rockefeller, John D., Jr 244
Rockefeller Foundation 244–5, 246
Rodrigues, Nelson 54
Roediger, Henry L. and Abel, Magdalena: ‘Collective memory…‘ 292–3
Rolland, Romain 136–7
Romanticism 8, 25, 261, 262, 268
Rome 20, 22, 198
Lincean Academy 238
Roosevelt, Franklin D., US President 41
Roosevelt, Theodore, US President 74
Rosenau, Milton 176–7, 180, 181
Ross, Ronald: ‘theory of happenings’ 95–6, 279
Rostand, Edmond 294
Roth, Fritz 39
Rouen, France 162
Roux, Émile 97, 128, 178, 184, 238, 245
Rowlatt, Justice Sidney 259
Rowlatt, Act (1919) 259
rubella 17
Ruddiman, William 277
Runitsch, Ossip 133
Ruska, Ernst 184
Russia/Russians 142, 154
and Brest-Litovsk Treaty 38
the Cheka 127
and Chinese labourers 158
doctors and scientists 67; see Bardakh, Yakov; Ivanovsky, Dmitri; Mechnikov, Ilya; Smorodintseff, A. A.; Zhdanov, V. M.
flu epidemics 6, 22, 23, 27, 42–3, 67, 126, 166, 186, 195–6, 263
flu mortality rates 167–9
German prisoners-of-war 246
health insurance 240
music 261
and Persia 43, 113, 116
prisoners-of-war 38
public healthcare system 241, 244
Revolution (1917) 253
see also Moscow; Odessa
Rutenberg, Pinhas 133
Sacks, Oliver: Awakenings 221–2
St Helena 44
St Petersburg 22, 43
Salazar, Martín 63, 81
Salk, Jonas 183
Samoa: American 94, 221, 253; Western 94, 205, 221, 253
Sancha y Hervás, Cardinal Ciriaco María, Primate of Spain 80
Sand, George 28, 209
San Francisco 101–2, 202
‘sanitary cordons’ 89, 90, 101, 137, 278
Santiago, Chile 68
Santos, Lúcia 78–9
Sarabhai, Ambalal 256
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) 62
satyagraha (non-violent protest) 254, 255, 256, 259
Save the Children Fund 245, 246
Schiele, Egon: The Family 58–9, 76–7, 229
Schönberg, Arnold 261
schools 96, 97–8, 130, 155, 281
in America 104, 108–9, 111, 205
Schultz, Theodore 215
seals 197
Seidl, Carlos 53
Selter, Hugo 179, 181
Senegal 64, 253
see also Dakar
serum 181
Sforim, Mendele Mocher: Tales of Mendele the Book Peddler 131, 135
shamans 126, 233
Shanghai, China 69
Shanks, Dennis 204
Shansi (Shanxi), China 68–74, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 164, 170, 189
Shantung (Shandong), China 156, 158, 159, 251
Shaw, George Bernard: The Doctor’s Dilemma 234
Shensi (Shaanxi), China 170
‘shift events’ 27, 185, 197, 262, 263, 268
Shirakaba (White Birch) literary society 264
Shope, Richard 181, 182
Shoulder Arms (film) 105
Sicily 20, 198
Siegler, Mark see Brainerd, Elizabeth
Sierra Leone see Freetown
silkworms, diseased 210
‘sleepy sickness’ 220–21
Slemons, Richard 188
smallpox 16, 19, 21, 43, 53, 62, 70, 92, 232
vaccine 268
Smith, Wilson 181
smoking: as protection against flu 123, 236
Smorodintseff, A. A. 183
Snow, John 27
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 30
Soto, Hernando de 22
South Africa 7, 8, 41, 204, 222–7
AIDS 283
British concentration camps 245–6
Ciskei region 222, 223–4
Kimberley diamond mines 77–8, 204, 223
Land Act (1913) 223
Natives (Urban Areas) Act (1923) 283
orphans 231
Rand gold mines 77–8, 204, 225
vaccination programmes 101
see also Cape Town
South America 41
see also Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Peru
Spain 22, 38, 63–4, 94–5, 165, 252–3
flu mortality rates 202
health system 244–5
writers 267–8
see also Alfonso XIII; Zamora
Spanish-American War (1898) 80
‘Spanish flu’ 27, 31, 32, 291
after-effects 24, 216–19, 220, 228, 229–30, 263, 264, 265, 283
causes 66–7, 177, 180–82, 197–9
and encephalitis lethargica 220–22
and gene sequencing 189–91, 193, 283
genetic component 207–10, 293
and global warming 277–8
mortality rates 4, 5, 6–7, 166–71, 187–8, 193, 195, 201–9, 215, 216, 217, 291, and see specific countries
name 61–5
origins and spread 37–8, 40–43, 45, 164–5, 188–9, 193–4, 196–200
RNA 184–5, 191
symptoms 46–9, 66, 73, 157, 192, 193
transmission 180, 275–6
types and subtypes 182, 184–6, 195–6, 276, 278, 282
see also flu
spiritualism 237
sport 8, 235, 236
Stalin, Joseph 252
Standard Oil 244
Starko, Dr Karen 122
Steczkowski, Jan 42
Stefansky, Dr Vyacheslav 126, 129, 132, 168
Stella, Antonio 106–8, 111
Stella, Joseph 106
Stravinsky, Igor 261
strikes 225, 253, 260, 292
strychnine 123
Surat, India 257, 258, 259
Sverdlov, Yakov 252
Sweden: poorhouses 229–30
‘swine flu’ 61, 181, 182, 186, 199–200, 280
Switzerland 8, 40, 48, 123, 249, 250, 253
Sword of the Spirit (periodical) 236
syphilis 124, 144
Syracuse, Sicily 20, 198
Szilard, Leo 43–4
Szymanowski, Karol 265–6
King Roger 265
Tagore, Rabindranath 260, 262, 270
Taiyuan, Shansi, China 170, 189
Takashi, Hara 43
Talmud, the 5
Talune, SS 205, 253
Tamasese Lealofi, High Chief Tupua 253
Tanna, Vanuatu archipelago 21
Tanzania 136, 220
Taubenberger, Jeffery 190, 191–4, 196, 199, 275, 281, 283
Taylor, A. J. P. 260
TB see tuberculosis
Tehran 112, 114, 116, 118, 119, 120
Pasteur Institute outstation 245
Teresa of the Andes, St 68
Thailand 75
Thames, River 27–8
Thomas, John 288
Thompson, James W.: ‘The aftermath of the Black Death and the aftermath of the Great War’ 291
Thucydides 19
Tientsin (Tianjin), China 38, 69
Times, The 43, 234
Tizengausen, M. M. 134, 167–8
tobacco plants 27
Togo 236
Tokyo 99, 293
Doctors’ Medical Association 138
Tonga 205
Toronto, Canada 198
trachoma 144, 159
Trans-Siberian railroad 43
Transkeian Gazette 101
Trotsky, Leon 252
&nb
sp; Troyes, France 176, 177–8
Trump, Donald, US President 229
Tsingtao, China 159
tuberculosis (TB) 16, 28, 128, 206, 216, 245
in America 92, 105, 106, 107, 109, 112, 144
in Austria 250
cause 25, 209
in China 70
in Odessa 168
and writers 262, 263, 265
Tumpey, Terrence 191
Tunis: Pasteur Institute outstation 179
typhoid 70, 114, 128, 135, 168
vaccine 177
typhus 20, 29, 43, 67, 68, 114, 117, 119, 130, 169, 245
Uganda 61
Ukraine 76, 168–9
see also Kiev; Odessa
Unalaska Island/Unalaska 143, 145, 146, 148
Unalga (ship) 144–5, 146–7, 148
Unamuno, Miguel de 267
United Nations 246
United States of America 22, 37, 99, 101, 121, 138
African Americans 203–4
AIDS 78
alternative medicine 235
American-Indian wars 30
epidemiology 241–2
eugenicists 29
flu mortality rates 169, 201, 205, 231–2
health insurance 243
life insurance 229
national health survey 241–2
public health measures 281–2
writers 262, 264, 265, 266
see also Alaska; Kansas; New York City; United States Army
United States Army 110
living photographs 286–7, 289
World War I recruits 30–31, 37, 241–2
World War II recruits 183, 217–18
Uruk 19, 21
Uttar Pradesh, India: flu mortality rates 270
vaccination/vaccines 25, 53, 98, 101, 128, 175, 235
cowpox 98
flu 178, 181, 183, 209, 238, 257–8, 280–81, 283, 294
pneumonia 176
polio 183
polyvalent 183
rabies 98, 128
smallpox 53, 268
typhoid 177
Vancouver Island 159
VanStone, James 149
Vanuatu archipelago 21, 232
Vaughan, Private Roscoe 190, 283
vegetarianism 206–7, 236
venereal diseases 124, 144, 242, 263
Venice: quarantine 90
Veronej (troopship) 41, 204
Versailles, Treaty of (1919) 251
Vienna 124, 249–50
Belvedere Museum 238–9
International Committee of the Red Cross 245
University Great Hall 234
‘viral sex’ 185
virology 238
viruses 17, 18, 26–7, 66–7, 177, 179, 181, 182, 192, 196–7
flu 184–6, 187–95, 199–200, 210
Vittorio Veneto, Battle of (1918) 44
Wajda, Andrzej 229
Wangchiaping, China 72, 73, 156
wars 23, 25–6, 290, 292, 293
American—Indian wars 29–30
Anglo-Boer Wars (1899–1902) 225, 245
Hundred Years War (1337–1453) 290
Spanish-American War (1898) 80
see also World War, First and Second
Warsaw, Poland 42
Washington DC 198, 202
Watson, Percy 71–4, 156, 170
Weber, Max 45
Weimar Republic 243
Weskoppies lunatic asylum, Pretoria 226
whales 197
WHO see World Health Organization
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 3, 4, 39–40, 44
Williams, Anna 176, 177
Williams, William Carlos 138, 262
Wilson, Woodrow, US President 104, 105, 111, 250–51, 286–7, 289
Wiser, Charlotte Viall 206–7
witch doctors, Indian 125
Witwatersrand gold mines, South Africa 77–8, 204, 225
Woman Who Invented Love, The (film) 129, 135
Woodruff, Alice 182
Woolf, Virginia 265; Mrs Dalloway 263; On Being Ill 263
WorldCat 290–91
World Health Organization (WHO) 61–2, 246, 279, 280
World War, First 4–5, 8, 29, 44, 75, 261, 262
American entry 30, 37, 103
armistice 93, 102, 133, 294
books on 290–91
and Chinese labourers 157–8
deaths 4, 6, 166, 202, 268
effects of flu 37–8, 39, 40, 63, 171, 194–5, 247–9, 261–2, 294
and fertility rates 216
and India 254–5
see also British, French and German Army
World War, Second 8, 246, 252
American recruits 183, 217–18
deaths 4, 167
Worobey, Michael 197, 198
Wright, Sir Almroth 177, 234
Wu Lien-teh (Wu Liande) 154–7, 160, 164, 175, 242, 245
Xhosa, the 222, 223, 224, 226
Yaponchik, Misha 127, 130, 135
Yeats, W. B. 43
Yen Hsi-shan (Yan Xishan) 70–71, 74, 156
Young India (newspaper) 260
Yuan Shikai 70
Yupik, the 7, 140, 141–2, 144, 148, 149, 233, 292
Zabecki, David: The German 1918 Offensives 248
Zambia: Anglo American mining company 230
Zamora, Spain 7, 79, 80, 81, 82–5, 95, 205
Zhdanov, V. M. 168
Ziegler, Philip: The Black Death 228, 290, 291
Zika virus 61
Zimbabwe 64
Zweig, Stefan: The World of Yesterday 249
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