deals with 1644 Antrim-O’Neill mission, 67–9
his network of agents, 69–70
implored but fails to send assistance to Charles I in 1646, 76, 78–9
employs Daniel O’Neill as envoy to Owen Roe O’Neill, 79, 97–8
surrenders Dublin and goes into exile, 98–9
returns to Ireland 1648, 104, 109–10
renews approaches to Owen Roe O’Neill, 110–11, 126–8
dispatch of Seymour to him to determine the capacity of Irish royalists to withstand Cromwellian assault, 132–4
returns into exile, 140
a leader of Old Royalist faction, 169, 180
patron of Armorer and Stephens, 183, 187–8, 198, 202, 210
who join him on secret mission to London 1658, 214–16
does not follow his own view that continuation of resistance is futile, 244
Byron, John, Lord, 119, 133, 134, 187
Byron, Sir Nicholas, colonel, 74
Caen, 99, 158, 161
Callendar, Earl of, see Livingstone, James
Cambridge, 14, 42, 46
Campbell, Lady Anne, 150, 151n
Campbell, Archibald, 8th Earl and 1st Marquess of Argyll
the Incident, 30–33, 252
power struggle in Scotland, 58, 93, 104, 107, 135
and Charles II, 142, 150, 165
withdrawal from public life, 165, 166
Campbell lands, 13, 58, 60, 79
Canterbury, 93, 233, 237
Carbisdale, battle of, 2, 39, 141, 142
Carew, Thomas, 12
Carisbrooke Castle, 102, 103, 104, 112, 113, 116, 122
Carnaby, Thomas, Sir[?], 164, 189, 193, 199, 210, 211
death, 249–50
Carnarvon, Earl of, see Dormer, Robert
Carnwath, Earl of, see Dalziel, Robert
Carter, Mrs, 196
Carteret, Sir Philip, 47
Cary, Lucius, 2nd Viscount Falkland, 50, 53, 55, 63
Castlehaven, Earl of, see Touchet, James
Cavendish, William, 1st Earl and 1st Marquess of Newcastle, 22, 65, 66
Cessation of hostilities in Ireland, 59, 67
Challoner, Richard, 46, 50, 51, 55
gallows speech, 51
Charles I, King
raises standard at Nottingham, 1
dispersal of court 4
policies towards Scotland, 12, 14, 28, 58
and army plots, 23–31 passim
and the Incident, 31–3
attempt to arrest 5 MPs
wartime court at Oxford, 48
fate of ‘fine designs’, 49, 55, 60, 62
character, 39, 76, 81
hopes for aid from the Continent, 60, 61
from Ireland, 59, 64–5, 69, 76, 77, 78
correspondence with queen, 72–3, 86
approaches to Scots and English Presbyterians, 82–3, 86
departure from Oxford and arrival at Newcastle, 87, 90, 92
employment of agents and couriers, 85, 91, 93–6
taken to Holmby House, 93, 99
encounter with Boswell, 100–101
then to Hampton Court and then to Carisbrooke, 99
employment of agents at Carisbrooke, 102–4, 111
signs the Engagement, 103–4
unsuccessful plans for escape from
Carisbrooke, 111–15
and from Bagshot, 116–17
Newport negotiations, 111–12, 116
trial and execution 117–18
final meeting with Seymour, 117–18
royalist reactions to regicide, 119–21, 124
Charles II, King
as Prince of Wales in the West Country, 4, 72, 74
goes into exile in 1646 from Pendennis
via Scilly to Jersey, 86, 87
continuing later on to Paris, 96
with fleet at Helvoetsluys, 108–9
at The Hague, 121
undecided over whether to go to Scotland or Ireland, 131–5
returns to Jersey, 132–3
abandons plans to go to Ireland and returns to Holland, 137
goes to Scotland and signs Covenant, 140, 144, 145
and fate of Montrose, 140–42
suffers purges of attendants, 145–6, 148, 149
attempts to rally supporters with the Start, 147–9
is crowned King of Scots and receives proposal from Argyll that he marry his daughter, 150
invades England, escapes from Worcester, 155–8
establishes court in Paris, 161–2, 177–8
displays hostility to Bampfield and Dysart, 165–7, 177, 223
departs to Rhineland, 177, 183
resorts to O’Neill to reconcile different
groups of plotters, 190
to organise transfer of court from Cologne to Bruges, 207
to deal with Lucy Walter, 208
approves Mordaunt’s creation of ‘Great Trust’, 224–6
attends Franco-Spanish peace negotiations at the Pyrenees, 230–31
returns to Brussels, 231
receives news of Monck’s order to Rump to dissolve itself and of his declaration of allegiance, 233–4
leaves Breda to return to England, landing at Dover, 234–5, 237
ambiguous and equivocal directions to agents, 141, 190, 241
response to news of death of O’Neill
Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, 71, 135, 137, 167, 168
Stuart marriage ambitions, 168–9
Charles-Louis, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 184, 223
Charlton, Job, 226
Chase’s Apothecary, 195
Chester, 78, 228, 230
Cholmley, Sir Hugh, 125, 126
Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway, 60, 66, 71, 79, 80
Chudleigh, James, 22, 38
Church, Percy, 211
Clarendon, Earl and Countess of, see Hyde, Sir Edward and Frances, Lady
clientage networks and relationships, 9, 75, 181, 192n, 197, 227, 240–41
Cochrane, Sir John, colonel
background, 32
the Incident, 32–3, 61
missions to Denmark, 61, 65, 71, 72, 76, 96
to Baltic states and Hamburg, 129, 130, 131, 132
a ‘Montrosian’, 82, 130
incidents of thuggish behaviour, 129, 130
disgrace, 138, 142, 160, 245
Coke, Thomas, 143
Colchester, siege of, 2, 109, 153–4
Cologne, exiled court at, 174, 187, 189, 190, 203, 205
Committee of Estates, 146, 156, 164
Commons, House of, investigations of plots, 30, 51, 112, 114
Compton, James, 3rd Earl of Northampton, 229
Compton, Sir William, member of Sealed Knot, 180, 211, 222, 249
Confederate Association, also Confederation of Kilkenny, 59, 67
Conway, Edward, 2nd Viscount, 15, 18, 22, 23, 25, 52
Conyers, Sir John, 15, 18, 22, 24–7 passim
Cooper, John, 210, 234, 248
Copenhagen, 66, 139
Corbet, Sir Richard, 181
Corker, Francis, spy for Thurloe, 205, 206, 210, 216, 221, 240, 250
Cornwallis, Sir Frederick, 74, 75, 132, 159, 160, 164
arrested, 194, 199
rewards, 248
Cotterell, Sir Charles, 221
Council of State, 100, 120, 126, 130, 1331, 148, 160, 170, 199, 232–3
Courland, duchy of, 57, 129, 130, 138
Covenanters, 13–15, 28, 58, 83, 86, 104, 137, 142, 152, 168
Cowley, Abraham, 6, 14, 149, 194, 246
Crelly, Patrick, 109
Cresset, Francis, 43, 95, 101–3, 112, 115, 124
Crispe, Sir Nicholas, 42, 48, 50, 77
Crofts, William, Lord, 130, 156, 178
Cromwell, Henry, 209, 215
Cromwell, Oliver, Lord Protector, 25, 38, 81, 99, 107
in Ireland, 127, 132
in Scotland, 146–7
Worcester campaign, 156
expulsion of Rump and establishment of Protectorate, 172, 173
attitude to royalists, 190, 24
assassination plots against, 201–2
death 224
Cromwell, Richard, Lord Protector, 224, 226
Crouch, John, 124, 125
‘Cumberlanders’, 70
see also factions
Cunningham, William, 8th Earl of Glencairn, 165, 174, 176
Dalnaspidal, battle of, 186
Dalziel, Robert, 1st Earl of Carnwath, 58
Danzig, 129, 132, 240
Davenant, Sir William
and army plots, 22, 23, 25, 35
employed as courier, 74, 75, 76, 94
captured, 133
Davison, Charles
background, 164, 181
Hyde’s dislike of, 182, 183
and assassination plots, 201, 293
arrest and death, 204, 224
Day, Robert, of Dover, 191, 192, 196
Denham, Sir John, 11
Denmark, 32, 57–62 passim, 66, 71, 79
wars with Sweden, 80, 96, 159, 222
Derby, Earl of, see Stanley, James
Derby House committee, 112, 114, 115, 121
Devereux, Robert, 3rd Earl of Essex, 25, 70
Digby, George, Lord, 2nd Earl of Bristol
patron and friend of O’Neill, 63, 65, 67, 69, 70
of Jermyn, 72, 73, 74, 75, 81
in Ireland, 97
in exile, 178, 206, 240
Digby, Sir John, 18, 19
Digby, Sir Kenelm, mission to Rome, 71, 72, 76, 80
Dorislaus, Isaac, murder of, 131, 132, 136
Dormer, Robert, 1st Earl of Carnarvon, 26, 27, 29, 30, 35
Dover, castle, 191, 192, 196
port, 191, 192, 199, 233, 234, 237
Downing, Sir George, Protectorate resident at The Hague, 205
Drogheda, 127, 128, 132, 133
Drummond, William, 175
Dublin, 98, 99, 111, 127, 168
castle, 249
Dunbar, battle of, 147, 150
Duncannon Fort, 249
Dunes, battle of, 221, 222
Dunfermline, Earl of, see Seton, Charles
Dungan, Robert, 210
Duppa, Brian, Bishop of Salisbury, 6, 243
Durham, 19, 43, 248
Dutch Republic, 62, 81, 117, 223
see also Holland, United Provinces
Dysart, Countess of, see Murray, Elizabeth
Dysart, Earl of, see Murray, William
Edgehill, battle of, 37, 39, 57, 62
Edgeman, William, Hyde’s secretary, 139
Edinburgh, 12, 32, 33, 117, 141, 142, 150, 151
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 38, 61, 184, 192
Elliot, Thomas, background and character, 5, 13–14, 74
mission to England 1645, 75–6, to Portugal 1650, 138–9
employment of wife of as courier, 199
remains in exile, 246
rewards, 247
Engagement, Engagers, the, 104, 107, 145–7, 150
‘Episcopal party’, 177
see also ‘Old Royalists’
Essex, Earl of, see Devereux, Robert
Evelyn, John, 232, 251
Ewer, Isaac, colonel, 146
factions
English parliamentarian, 51, 54, 172, 224, 226
Irish, 68, 77, 97, 109, 139
royalist, 8–9, 131, 169, 177, 178, 180, 192, 240
Scottish, 145, 147–8, 175
see also Cumberlanders, Louvrians, Old Royalists, Royal Presbyterians, Swordsmen
Fairfax, Sir Thomas, general, 25, 81, 123
Falkland Palace, 145
Fanshawe, Ann, Lady, 237, 243
Fanshawe, Sir Richard, 178, 243
Feilding, Basil, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, 101, 120
Feilding, William, 1st Earl of Denbigh, 38
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, 223
Firebrace, (later Sir), Henry, 101
in attendance on Charles I, 102, 106, 113, 115, 116, 120, 136
later career, 120, 248
Fitzwilliam, Oliver, 2nd Viscount, 77, 78, 79
Fleming, Sir William, background, 34–5, 82
and Montrose, 82–3, 140, 140–42
in negotiations with Scots, 82–3, 106, 107, 171
at Worcester, 82, 83, 140, 141, 142
in exile, 171, 246
rewards, 248
Fraiser, Alexander, physician, 148, 149, 156, 248
France, 2, 4, 62, 71
hoped for as a source of aid, 79, 81, 106, 109
exiles in, 92, 158, 162
alliance with Protectorate, 184, 187, 205, 221
peace negotiations with Spain, 223, 230
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, 60, 72, 81
Fronde, the, 109, 159, 167, 170
Frost, Gualter, secretary to Council of State, 160
Fuentarrabia, 230, 231
Galway, 2
Gardiner, Samuel R., 21
Gardiner, Sir Thomas, 41
Gatehouse prison, 30, 125, 126, 195
Gerard, Charles, Lord, general, 137, 183, 240
Gerard plot, 182, 183, 187
Glamorgan, Earl of, see Somerset, Edward
Glemham, Sir Thomas, 85, 87
Goffe, Stephen, Dr, 71, 72, 76, 80, 81, 132
Gordon, Lewis, 3rd Marquess of Huntly, 148
Gordons, Scots royalists, 13, 60, 68, 146–7
Goring, George, Lord, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21
ambiguous behaviour in army plots, 22–7 passim
exile, 92
Gothenburg, 129, 130
Graham, James, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose, 4
and the Incident, 28, 31
at Oxford advocating royalist rising in Scotland, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64
marches north to lead rising, 65, 66, 69
defeated at Philiphaugh, 83
in exile, 96, 104
plans return to Scotland, 130, 131, 135, 137
return, capture and death, 141, 142
Graves, Richard, colonel, 150, 151, 158
‘Great Trust and Commission’, 224–7, 240
Grenville, Sir John, (later) 1st Earl of Bath, 86, 211, 224, 226
meeting with Monck, 234
rewards, 247, 249, 251
Grey, Edward, colonel, 181, 189, 210, 248
Gurney, Sir Richard, Lord Mayor of London, 41
Guy, Mrs, 44
Hague, The, 31, 72, 92, 96, 131–2, 138, 140, 155, 161, 163, 179, 183–4, 207, 241
Halkett, Sir James, 166
Halsall, James, major, courier for Sealed Knot, 189, 191, 193, 195–6
involved in assassination plots, 201–3
capture, imprisonment and release, 202, 227
rewards, 248
Hamburg, 32, 129
behaviour of Cochrane in, 129, 130, 160
Ham House, 31–2, 198, 245
Hamilton, James, 1st Duke of Hamilton, 12, 58, 93
an intended target of the Incident, 31, 32, 33
failure of his attempt to keep Scotland neutral, 58, 59
sponsors the Engagement and invades England in the 2nd Civil War, 103, 104, 106, 110
execution, 119
Hamilton, Sir James, 200
Hamilton, William, Earl of Lanark, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, 93, 104, 106, 131, 144, 147
march to Worcester and death, 156, 157
Hammond, Robert, governor of Carisbrooke, 102, 103, 111, 112, 116
Hampden, Alexander, 48, 51
Hampton Court, 99, 101
Haro, Don Luis de, 230
Harrison, Thomas, 116, 117, 172, 173
Harwood, Richard, 91, 118, 243
Hastings, Henry, Lord Loughborough, member of Sealed Knot, 180, 188
Hatton, Christopher, Lord, 163, 171, 184, 186
Hay, John, 1st Earl of Tweeddale, 166
Hay, Lucy, Countess of Carlisle, 86, 114
Heenvliet, Jan van der Kerckhove, Lord of, 185, 207, 208
Heidelberg, 223
Henderson, Alexander, 93
Henderson, Sir John, 61, 66, 79
Henrietta Anne (Minette), Duchess of Orleans, 70, 254
Henrietta Maria, Queen, circle around, 21
and army plots, 21, 29
and Civil War, 35, 49, 57, 70
household in Paris, 4, 92, 96, 132, 184, 211
encouragement of royalist projects by, 83, 104, 109, 154, 168
uncomfortable relations with Charles II, 178, 234
Herbert, Philip, 4th Earl of Pembroke, 43, 95, 101
Herbert, Thomas, 117, 118
Hereford, siege of, 77, 82
Heron, Henry, 48
Hertford, Marquess of, see Seymour, William
Hewett, John, Dr, 211, 216, 218
High Court of Justice, 218, 221
High Ercall, sieges of, 5, 89, 163, 181
Highlands, 2, 4, 17, 58, 64, 79, 96, 165
Glencairn’s rising in, 166, 174–6, 185–7
failed attempt to renew rising in, 208–9
Holland, 1, 19, 57, 79, 84, 105, 237
flight of royalists to, 114, 121, 125, 158
see also Dutch republic, United Provinces
Holland, Earl of, see Rich, Henry
Holles, Denzil, 94
Holles, Gervase, colonel, 135, 227
Holmby (Holdenby) House, 93, 99, 100, 101
Honywood, Sir Philip, 211
Hopkins, Sir William, 112, 113, 115
Hopton, Ralph, Lord, 38, 57, 85, 131, 141, 161, 210
Hopton, Richard, 212, 213, 246, 248
Howard, Thomas, 14th Earl of Arundel, 15, 74
Hull, 57, 63, 65
Hume, Sir Alexander, 217
Hutton, Ronald, 142
Hyde, Anne, 185
Hyde, Sir Edward, (later) 1st Earl of Clarendon, Chancellor of Exchequer, 95
at Jersey 95–6
hostility to Bampfield, 108, 165, 167, 176, 177
embassy to Madrid, 138–9
joins exiled court in Paris, 161
and court factions, 166, 169, 177
receives intelligence report from O’Neill, 172
from other intelligencers, 213, 225, 226, 232
from the Sealed Knot, 180, 211
attitude to assassination plots, 203
and Abbess Knatchbull, 213–18
opinions of and relations with agents
O’Neill, 9, 178, 185, 193, 196, 207, 216–17, 219, 227, 231; Armorer, 179, 181–2, 183, 184, 188, 231; Aubigny, 100; Fraiser, 148, Murray, 165; Seymour, 170; Langdale, 181; Davison, 204; Carnaby, 211
see also 252–3
Hyde, Frances, Lady, Countess of Clarendon, 185
Incident, the, 31, 33, 34, 35, 61
Independents, the, party in Parliament, 83, 85, 103, 150n
Innocent X, Pope, 71, 80, 81, 197, 238
Instrument of Government, the, 173
Ireland, 2, 4, 15
Strafford’s army in, 19, 24, 31
rebellion in, 33, 98
royalist hopes of aid from, 58, 59, 62, 76, 77, 80, 109
Royalist Agents, Conspirators and Spies Page 40
