The Intimate Lives of the Founding Fathers
Page 54
education of, 261, 262, 268–69, 273–74, 275, 281, 336, 346
as father, 271, 276, 278, 279, 282, 290–94, 302–8, 313–18, 352
Federalist opposition to, 310–11, 314, 318, 371–72, 378
final years of, 316–27, 346–47
finances of, 260, 261, 274, 306–7, 320–22, 323, 326–27, 405, 413
as founding father, 308, 309, 328–30, 352
Franklin’s relationship with, 115, 278, 294–95
French policy of, 247, 309, 314–15, 373, 377, 379
as governor of Virginia, 283–88, 292, 295, 323, 355, 363
as grandfather, 259, 318, 319–20
grave site of, 325–26, 327, 335–36
Hamilton as rival of, xiv, 175, 228, 229–30, 231, 234, 235–36, 238, 239, 244, 245–46, 247, 248, 252–53, 309, 352, 370
health of, 263, 279, 286, 288–93, 293, 294, 295, 297, 299–300, 323–25, 346–47
“heart and head” letter of, 300–302
James Madison’s relationship with, 182, 185, 292–93, 294, 295, 297, 308, 310, 313, 316, 323, 347, 355, 356–57, 362, 366, 370, 371–80, 402
John Adams’s correspondence with, 201, 282, 316–17
John Adams’s relationship with, 169, 176, 177–78, 179, 182, 185, 186, 190–92, 193, 195, 205, 245, 278, 280, 282, 308, 316–17, 352, 371
library of, 289–90
Louisiana Purchase negotiated by (1803), 247, 314–15, 377, 379
love life of, 228, 261–63, 264, 265, 266–70, 271, 297–302, 311, 313, 378
marriage of, xiii, 266–93, 298–99, 302, 304, 315, 325–26, 352, 429n–30n
military policies of, 379–80, 388
Monticello estate of, 259, 268–69, 270, 271–73, 275, 276, 277, 279, 281–86, 287, 289–91, 292, 293, 306–7, 310–27, 329, 333, 334–35, 336, 339–40, 342, 345–52, 380, 400, 405, 413
moral values of, 228, 239, 265, 295–96, 300–302, 310–15, 328–52, 409–16
musical interests of, 259, 260, 267, 269, 278, 298
papers of, 260, 266, 279, 285, 310–11, 411
in Paris, 293–306, 341, 364, 410, 412, 414
personality of, xiii–xiv, 228, 229, 260, 261–63, 264, 279, 288–91, 293, 294, 295–302, 323, 330, 376, 410–12, 413, 414
in Philadelphia, 278–81, 289, 292, 308, 310, 371–72
poetry written by, 259–60
political career of, 175, 176, 177, 185, 228, 229, 265, 271, 273–74, 277–91, 306–15, 318, 371–72, 378, 402, 414
as president, 56, 198, 245–48, 309, 310, 313–20, 321, 352, 372–80
as presidential candidate (1796), 177, 371
as presidential candidate (1800), 190–92, 245
press coverage of, 228, 229, 280, 301, 306, 309–15, 328–52, 378, 409–16
reading by, 259, 260, 261, 276–77, 288–89, 299
religious views of, 228, 297, 324
reputation of, 195, 228, 277–78, 280, 287–88, 294–95, 308, 309–15, 321, 323 325, 328–52, 365, 378, 407–16
as revolutionary leader, 260–61, 267, 273–74, 277–91, 295, 308
Sally Hemings’s relationship with, xv, 304, 305–6, 310–15, 323, 327, 328–52, 409–16, 437n
as secretary of state, 46, 47, 49, 172, 235–36, 306, 307, 308, 309
slaves freed by, 305–6, 312–13, 321, 323, 409–16
slaves owned by, 267, 268, 271, 273, 274–75, 285, 289, 290, 293, 305–6, 310–15, 323, 326–52
social life of, 261–68, 292, 293–302, 313–14, 370–79, 382, 383
as vice president, 177, 179, 310
as Virginian, 260, 271, 273–74, 277–78, 280–88, 299
Washington and, 48, 125, 235–36, 278, 295, 306, 307, 308, 309–10, 315, 352
as widower, xiii, 289–93, 298–99, 302, 304, 313–14, 383
writings of, 277, 278, 327
Jefferson Family Association, 337
Jefferson Foundation Research Committee, 350–51
Jefferson Image in the American Mind, The (Peterson), 409–10
Jefferson in Paris, 414, 415
Jefferson Legacies Conference (1993), 413
Jefferson Memorial, 336
“Jefferson Scandals, The” (Adair), 410–11
Jennings, Paul, 403, 406
Johnson, Samuel, 216
Jones, John A., 333
Jones, John Paul, 103
Jones, William, 399
Jordan, Daniel P., 339
Jordan, Winthrop, 410, 415
Jouett, Jack, 284–85
Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 178
Kennedy, John F., 352
Key, Francis Scott, 395
Kidd, Kenneth, 342–43
King George’s War, 83–84
King’s College (Columbia College), 28–31, 215–17
Knox, Henry, 37, 164, 187
Knox, Hugh, 214–15
Knox, Lucy, 51
Lafayette, Adrienne, 157, 297
Lafayette, Marquis de, 48, 157, 222, 295, 297
Latrobe, Benjamin, 383, 403
Laurens, Henry, 141
Laurens, John, 218–20
Lavien, John Michael, 209–10, 211
Lavien, Peter, 209, 210, 211
Lavien, Rachel Fawcett, xiii, 209–12, 213, 215, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223, 426n
Lawrence, John, 174–75
Lear, Tobias, 54–56
Lee, Arthur, 103, 114, 139, 140, 150, 153, 154
Lee, Billy, 61
Lee, Charles, 218
Lee, Eliza Collins, 367, 368, 404, 407
Lee, Henry, 189, 233, 323–24
Lee, Richard Bland, 367, 368
Lee, Richard Henry, 62, 97, 103, 148, 280–81, 282
“Letters from George Washington to Several of His Friends in the year 1776,” 61–62
Lewis, Lawrence, 51, 56
Lewis, Meriwether, 319
Lewis, Nelly Custis, 43, 44, 50–51, 53–54, 57
Lewis, Warner, 264
Lexington and Concord, Battles of, 96, 98, 125, 278
Library of Congress, 66, 393
“Life Among the Lowly” (Wetmore), 331–35
Life of Thomas Jefferson (Parton), 330
Lincoln, Abraham, 255, 336, 415
Lincoln, Bela, 129
Livingston, Kitty, 215, 218
Livingston, Susannah, 218
Livingston, William, 215, 216, 217
Lossing, Benjamin, 17, 68
Louisiana, 177, 327, 396
Louisiana Purchase (1803), 247, 314–15, 319, 377, 379
Louis XIV, King of France, 298
Louis XVI, King of France, 48, 49, 112, 117, 304
Lovell, James, 138, 139, 151, 153
Lytton, Ann, 212, 215
McHenry, James, 190, 196, 237, 239
McKean, Sally, 371, 376, 377
McPherson, James, 276–77
Madison, Dolley Payne Todd, 355–407
death and funeral of, 406–7
dresses worn by, 370, 371, 382
final years of, 403–7
as First Lady, 382–99
health of, 377, 378, 379, 403, 406–7
James Madison’s correspondence with, 368, 369, 377, 389–90
James Madison’s courtship of, 366–68
James Madison’s marriage to, xv, xvi, 368, 369–404
Jefferson’s relationship with, 332, 345–46, 347, 372–80
Martha Washington’s relationship with, 367, 370–71, 434n
moral values of, 371, 376–77
as mother, 368, 399
personality of, 366–70, 376, 377–79, 389, 403, 404, 405–7
in Philadelphia, 366–68, 370–71, 377, 394–95
political views of, 370, 375, 378–79, 381, 382–83, 385, 386–90
portraits of, 384, 393
press coverage of, 381, 383
reputation of, 370–79, 381, 383, 395, 398–99, 405–7
slaves owned by, 405, 406
social life of, 366–67, 370–79, 381, 382–85, 396, 398–99, 400, 404, 405–7
War of 1812 heroism of, 385, 386, 387, 388–95, 397, 406
Washington Monument fundraising by, 255, 406
Wednesday receptions of, 384–85, 386, 388–89
White House renovated by, 383–85, 386
as widow, xv, 366–68, 381
Madison, James, 355–404
ancestry of, 358
as anti-Federalist, 182, 185
background of, 358–61, 362, 369
biographies of, 355, 357
British policy of, 382–83, 385–98
congressional relations of, 386, 388, 395, 398–99
at Constitutional Convention (1787), 364–65
in Continental Congress, 292–93, 355–58, 361, 363
correspondence of, 294, 316, 323, 355–56, 357, 360, 364, 402
death of, 403
Dolley Madison’s correspondence with, 368, 369, 377, 389–90
economic policies of, 233, 234, 355, 357, 362–63, 366, 370, 401–2
final years of, 400–403
as Founding Father, 304, 364–65, 401–2
French policy of, 382–83, 385, 387, 390
Hamilton opposed by, 224, 231, 241, 366, 370
health of, 358, 360, 370, 388, 394, 400, 403
in House of Representatives, 46, 166, 365, 385
inauguration of, 382–83
Jefferson’s relationship with, 182, 185, 292–93, 294, 295, 297, 308, 310, 313, 316, 323, 347, 355, 356–57, 362, 366, 370, 371–80, 402
leadership of, 355–56, 364–65, 385–99
love life of, 356–58, 363–66
marriage of, xv, xvi, 368, 369–404
military policies of, 357, 363, 385, 388, 389, 390–95, 396
papers of, 357, 391, 400, 404–5
personality of, xv, 355–58, 359, 361–62, 365–66, 369–70, 371, 374–75, 376, 385, 394–95, 398–99
in Philadelphia, 355–58, 360, 366–68, 370–71, 394–95, 401
physical appearance of, 358, 361, 389
political career of, xvi, 355–56, 360–66, 371–72, 374, 380–402
as president, 382–99
as presidential candidate (1808), 380–82
as presidential candidate (1812), 386–87
press coverage of, 381, 395, 397
as Republican leader, 241, 308, 366, 370, 385, 386–87, 389
reputation of, 355–58, 364–66, 367, 380–82, 395, 398–99, 406
as revolutionary leader, 292–93, 355–58, 360–65
as secretary of state, 198, 347, 372–80
social life of, 359, 370–79, 383–85
as Virginian, 358, 361–62, 370, 402
War of 1812 supported by, 385–98
in Washington, D.C., 372–99
Washington’s relationship with, 48, 364–65, 366, 370–71
will of, 405
Madison, James (cousin), 362–63
Madison, James, Sr., 358, 360, 361, 372
Madison, Nelly Conway, 358
Madison, William, 361
Marie Antoinette, 48, 117
Maryland, 27–28, 64, 391, 392
Mason, George, 53
Mason, John M., 250
Massachusetts, 32–33, 34, 95, 129, 137, 161, 162, 168, 388, 396
Mazzei, Phillip, 309
Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare), 132
Merry, Anthony, 377, 383
Merry, Elizabeth, 377–79
Milton, John, 128
“Minutes of the Trial and Examination of Certain Persons in the Province of New York,” 60–61
Missouri Compromise (1820), 414
Moncure, Henry W., 406
Monmouth, Battle of, 283
Monroe, James, 203, 235, 236–37, 240, 287–88, 314, 372, 380, 381
Monticello, 259, 268–69, 270, 271–73, 275, 276, 277, 279, 281–86, 287, 289–91, 292, 293, 306–7, 310–27, 329, 333, 334–35, 336, 339–40, 342, 345–52, 380, 400, 405, 413
Moore, Benjamin, 250–51
Moore, Thomas B., 338
Morgan, J. P., 5
Morris, Gouverneur, 225, 247, 251, 252
Morris, Robert, 48, 173, 224
Mother and Wife of Washington (Lossing), 17
Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C., 235, 236, 240
Murray, William Vans, 186
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 188–89, 314, 373, 385, 388
National Intelligencer, 375, 383, 391, 398
Native Americans, 65, 174, 265, 363, 390
Nature, 328, 337, 338
Navy, U.S., 52, 144, 178–81, 183, 193, 379–80
Neiman, Fraser D., 339, 341, 344
New England, 34, 47, 60–61, 125–26, 247–48, 278, 380, 382, 385, 388, 394, 396, 397
New Jersey, 89, 90, 94, 96–101, 112, 118, 188–89, 215, 217, 246, 250, 251, 385–86
New York City, 29, 44–47, 60–61, 100, 112, 150, 163, 164–70, 181, 224–33, 241–51, 254, 307, 308, 372, 386
New York Herald, 3–5, 16
New York State, 60–61, 134, 174, 179–80, 199, 230, 234, 246, 247–48, 254, 381, 385–87
New York Times, 328, 338, 412, 413
Notes on Virginia (Jefferson), 288
Onuf, Peter, 352, 413
Ossian, 276–77
Page, John, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265–66, 316
Paine, Thomas, 49, 253, 280, 311
Palladio, Andrea, 268–69
Paradise Lost (Milton), 128
Parke, Daniel, 27
Parliament, 33, 34, 92–93, 94, 95, 96, 118, 225–26, 360, 361
Parton, James, 330, 413
Pascal, Blaise, vii
Payne, Anna, see Cutts, Anna Payne
Payne, John C., 401
Payne, Lucy, see Washington, Lucy Payne
Peale, Charles Willson, 38
Peabody, Elizabeth Shaw, see, Elizabeth Smith Shaw
Pendleton, Edmund, 34, 281, 283, 419n
Penn, William, 85
Pennsylvania, 73, 97, 118, 134
Peterson, Merrill D., 409–10, 413
Philadelphia, 36–37, 43, 46, 47–51, 52, 59, 62, 73–85, 90–93, 96–101, 106–7, 118–20, 125–26, 137–38, 170–92, 230–39, 243, 245, 278–81, 289, 292, 308, 310, 355–58, 360, 366–72, 377, 394–95, 401
Philadelphia Aurora, 180–81, 182, 191–92, 243
Philipse, Mary, 14
Pickering, Timothy, 62–63, 184, 188, 189–90, 239, 253
Pierce, William, 364
Pike County Republican, 331–35, 345, 348, 409, 412
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 191, 382
Pinckney, Thomas, 177, 178, 191
Plato, 203
Plumer, William, 380
Plutarch, 319
Polk, James K., 255
Polk, Martha, 255
Polk, Sarah, 406
Poor Richard’s Almanac, 79, 81, 91
Pope, Alexander, 128
Porter, Susanna, 261
Posey, John, 64–65, 67
Posey, Martha Harrison, 67
Posey, Milly, 64
Posey, Thomas, 63–67, 347
Potter, Sukey, 264
Powel, Eliza, 51–52, 54
Presbyterians, 215–16, 360–61, 362
Price, Richard, 246
Priestley, Joseph, 238
Princeton College, 51, 99, 214, 215, 358–61, 362, 405
Prospect Before Us, The (Callender), 190–91
Quakers, 74, 79, 102, 175, 229, 367, 369, 371, 382, 389
“Quasi-War,” 52, 183–89, 193, 244–45
Quincy, Esther, 128–29
Quincy, Hannah, 127–29, 130, 204–5
Quincy, Josiah, 204
Ralph, James, 75
Ramsay, Allen, 146
Randall, Henry S., 333
Randolph, Anne Cary, 318, 319
Randolph, Cornelia, 320, 401
Randolph, Edmund, 172, 275, 280, 287, 290, 292, 364
Randolph, Ellen, 319–20, 324, 327
Randolph, George Wythe, 324
Randolph, John (Virginia congressman),
381, 383
Randolph, John (attorney general of colonial Williamsburg), 62, 278
Randolph, Martha Jefferson “Patsy,” 271, 276, 290–91, 293–94, 296, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307–8, 313, 317–18, 322, 325–26, 327, 336, 350, 352, 356, 404, 412–13
Randolph, Mary, 319–20
Randolph, Mary Isham, 260
Randolph, Nancy, 261
Randolph, Sarah Nicholas, 330, 346
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 334–35, 338, 345, 347, 349, 351, 410
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 307–8, 315, 317–18, 320, 322, 323, 325, 356
Randolph, Virginia, 324
Randolph, William, 260, 270, 307
Ray, Catherine “Katy,” 82–83, 88, 120
Reed, Joseph, 36–37
Republican Party, 49, 177, 179, 182–83, 185, 190–92, 193, 232–45, 252–53, 308, 309, 310, 331, 333, 366, 370, 371–72, 373, 377, 385, 386–87, 389
Revere, Paul, 284–85
Reynolds, James, 230, 234–35, 236, 239, 241
Reynolds, Maria, xvi, 230–43, 244, 245, 247, 252, 310