Madness Explained
Page 79
as first-rank symptoms 31, 34, 99, 100
Frégoli 299
grandiose 298
incidence 98–101
and inferences 315–22
of jealousy 299
and mania 276
model of 305
and need for closure 326–7
paranoid see paranoia
of parasitosis 299
of reference 298
relationship with hallucinations 411–13
in schizophrenia 24
and the self 204
social 329
somatic/hypochondriacal 298, 329
themes 296–301
dementia paranoides 14, 15
dementia praecox 520
and encephalitis lethargica 39–40
Jung’s work 21
Kraepelin’s theories 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 37, 39–40, 221, 436
Meyer’s work 44
renamed schizophrenia 22–3
see also schizophrenia
Deniker, Pierre 91, 93
Dennett, Daniel 28n, 199, 363, 541
depression 233–8
adaptive nature 209
and appraisal 239–47
and attribution self-representation cycle 254–62
and coping strategies 262–5
evolution of term 213–14
maintenance of 262–5
and memory bias 249–50
model 269
and negative symptoms 222
and paranoia 344
post-psychotic 413
psychotic 206, 235–6, 238
risk of 473
and the self 247–53
somatic symptoms 265–8
subclinical 279
unipolar 16, 36, 37, 38, 535
depressive realism hypothesis 244–5n Depue, R. A. 103, 287
Descartes, René 175, 201
Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders 124–6, 128–9, 130, 308, 356
diagnosis
as description 68–75
Feighner criteria 58–9, 64, 65
and health insurance 57, 62
international differences in 50–53, 55, 56
and outcome 86–7
polydiagnostic approach 65–6
predictive value 83–9
reliability 43, 44–56, 63–6, 68
and treatment 89–93
validity 67–8
and value judgement 176–7
vanishing consensus effect 64–6
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders see DSM-I–V
Diamond, Diana 427
Dickins, William 439
Digit Span with Distraction Test 184, 186, 187
dimension of experience 353n DiPasquale, Tony 352
discourse planning 363–4, 392, 394
discriminant function analysis 71, 74, 546–7
dismissing attachment style 520
dismorphobia 299, 328
dissociative disorder 351, 351–2n distraction 263, 289–90, 520
DNA 444
Doane, Jeri 427
Docherty, Nancy 145, 206, 388, 392, 442–3
Dodgson, Guy 324
Donaldson, Margaret 191
dopamine 92–3, 167–8, 169–74, 521, 628
receptors 167–8, 172–3, 486, 571, 628
dopamine beta-hydroxylase 173–4
DOSMD 124–6, 128–9, 130, 308, 356
double-binds 466
downward social drift 476–7, 521
Dozier, Mary 469–70
dreams 12
dreapetomania 136
droperidol 500n drug therapy 499–503
and diagnosis 89–93
drug names 89n
effects on performance in psychological tests 180–81
drug use and relapse 433
Drury, Val 317
DSDT 184, 186, 187
DSM-I 46, 47, 57–8, 69
DSM-II 47, 55, 69
DSM-III 59–62, 63–4, 65, 69, 95, 116, 297n
multi-axial system 105–6
DSM-III-R 62, 64, 65, 66, 69, 297n DSM-IV 62–3, 69, 94, 133, 140, 297n
delusions 301
hallucinations 350
influence of culture 138–9
post-traumatic stress disorder 478
DSM-V 63
dualism 175, 199, 521
Dudley, Robert 324, 325
Dunbar, Robin 190, 343
Dunham, Warren 476
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale 253, 280–81, 336
dysphoria see depression
ECA Study 70–71, 97–8
eccentrics, speech 102–3
echolalia 383, 385
Edgerton, Robert 134
EE 423–8, 467, 471–2, 522
EEG 154–5, 161, 164, 362–3, 453, 521
effect size 485–6
Egeland, Janice 448
einheitpsychose concept 94, 141, 410
Ekman, Paul 210
electroconvulsive therapy 497
electrodermal skin response 252, 360, 521
electroencephalography 154–5, 161, 164, 362–3, 453, 521
electromyography 198, 360, 521
eliminative materialism 541
Ellgring, Heiner 226
Ellis, Haydn 142, 310–11
Elman, Jeffrey 446
EMG 198, 360, 521
emotional arousal
and hallucinations 358–60
and high EE relatives 425
emotional circumplexes 215–19, 521–2
emotions 205–6
and appraisal 207–8
basic 210, 516
benefits 208–9
and culture 214–15
descriptive language 213–14
dimensional structure 215–18
expression 209–10
lack of 219–29
nature of 207–19
subjective 210–18
and thought disorder 387–8
empathy 28–9
encephalitis lethargica 39
encephalization 190
Endicott, Jean 55
endogenous disorders 47
environmental factors in aetiology 466–93
Epidemiological Catchment Area Study 70–71, 97–8
epistemological impulsivity 323–7
Erikson, Erik 490
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. 455
erotomania 299
Escher, Sondra 138, 313, 353, 355, 356, 412
Esquirol, Jean-Etienne 350, 481
Esterson, Aaron 466
eugenics 30, 30n euphoria 273–4
euthanasia, compulsory 30n evoked potentials 161
Ewers, Paula 473
experience sampling 225
experiences see symptoms expressed emotion 423–8, 467, 471–2, 522
expressive aphasia 362
Eysenck, Hans 555–6
Fabrega, Horacio 120, 121n, 136
facial expression 209–10, 226
facial recognition 310–11
factor analysis 72–5, 522
factors 72, 74
failure experience, contrived 257–8, 257n
Falloon, Ian 506
family relationships 421–8, 465–7, 467–74
family studies 77, 81–2
family therapy 506–7, 523
Faris, Robert 476
Farmer, Ann 83
Fear, Chris 319, 336
feature encoding 199
Feighner, John 58
Fernyhough, Charles 482
Feyerabend, Paul 540
Finlay-Jones, Robert 431
first law of research 6
Five Minute Speech Sample 619
flat affect 219–20, 224–6, 523
Flechsig, Paul 10, 293–4, 295
Fliess, Joseph 55, 56
Flor-Henry, Pierre 163
Flynn, James 439, 439n
Flynn effect 439n
fMRI 162–3, 516, 523
Fodor, Jerry 193
foetal exposure to viral in
fection 459–60
Fogarty, Sarah 250
folie à deux 69
folk psychology 28n, 540–41
Fonagy, Peter 468
Forel, August 20
Forgas, Joseph 257, 258
Frank, Ellen 288
Franzen, Goran 165
Freeman, Daniel 328, 331
Freeman, Walter 497, 529
French, Chris 282
Freud, Sigmund 9, 19, 20, 22, 23, 116
differences with Bleuler 21–2
honorary doctorate 44
introduction of theories to USA 45
theory of psychoanalysis 21
writings on Daniel Schreber 294–5
Frith, Chris 315–17, 342
Fuchs, Thomas 308
Fulford, Bill 99, 177
functional analysis 409, 409n functional relationships 408–14
GABA 167
Gallagher, Tony 358
Gambini, Orsola 443
gamma-aminobutyric acid 167
Garber, Judy 473
Garety, Philippa 300, 323–4, 325, 508
Gaupp, Robert 438
Geddes, John 503
Genain quadruplets 79–81
gene–environment interactions 439–40
genes 445
marker 447
genetic code 445
genetics 75–83, 438–52
genius and psychosis 112–15
genome 444, 523
scanning 447
genotype 445
Gershon, Samuel 170
ghosts 360
Gibson, Melissa 312
Gilbert, Daniel 342
Gilbert, Paul 209
Glaser, Frederick 153
glial cells 154
Glick, Marion 344
gliosis 156
global attributions 241, 243–4, 247
glossolalia 103
glycine 167
Godel, Kurt 112
Goldberg, Terry 396, 398, 399
Goldstein, Kurt 380
Goldstein, Michael 471
Goodman, Linda 478–9, 480–81, 486
Goodwin, Frederick 273–4, 275, 276
Gottesman, I. I. 83, 441
Gottschalk, Allan 417
Gould, Louis 361
Gourlay, Jane 71
Graham, George 364, 375, 376
Gray, Jeffrey 287
Green, Michael Foster 180, 185, 187, 188, 489
Green, Paul 361
Griesinger, Wilhelm 9, 150
Grossman, Linda 400–401
Grove, William 389, 396
Gruzelier, John 164–5
Gumley, Andrew 508
Gunderson, John 505
Gur, Raquel 164
Guze, Samuel 151
Haddock, Gill 145, 388, 507, 508
Hall, G. Stanley 489–90
Halliday, M. A. K. 390
hallucinations 347–9
auditory 351–2
and bereavement 358–60
clustering with delusions 72
coping with 354–6
cross-cultural studies 130, 133–4, 137–8, 356–7
definitions 350, 523
drug-induced 168–9, 354
and emotional arousal 358–60
and external stimulation 357–8, 359
as first-rank symptoms 31, 34, 97, 351
history of 349
and illness 353–4
incidence 96–8
inducible 357
and inner speech 360–64
and mania 276
model of 375–7
and normal mental imagery 353
olfactory 352
psychological mechanisms 356–60
relationship with delusions 411–13
in schizoaffective disorder 35
in schizophrenia 24
and the self 204
and source monitoring 367–74
tactile 352
and trauma 481–3
visual 352–3
hallucinogenic substances 168–9, 354
haloperidol 170, 500n Hammen, Constance 473
Hammersley, Paul 482
handedness 164
happiness 176n
Hardy-Bayle, Marie-Christine 395
Harris, Tirril 307–8, 429–30, 431–2
Harrison, Glyn 128
Harrop, Chris 490
Harrow, Martin 222, 227, 301, 386–7, 389, 394, 400–401
Harvey, Phil 390, 391, 394–5
Hasan, R. 390
Havers, Sue 369
health insurance and diagnosis 57, 62
Healy, David 267–8, 287–8, 319, 336, 500n
heart failure, drug-induced 501
hebephrenia 14, 15
Heider, Fritz 240
Heilbrun, Arthur 368
Heinrichs, Walter 485–6
Hemple, Carl 47, 58, 527
Hemsley, David 323, 358
Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic 44–5
heritability estimates 438–9, 523–4
Herz, Marvin 206
Hickling, Fred 127–8, 127n
Higgins, E. T. 250–52, 332
high-risk studies 454–7, 458, 470–71, 471–2, 524
Highfield, Julie 282
Hill, David 449
Himmler, Heinrich 76
hippocampus 160
Hirsch, Steven 222, 431
Hoche, Alfred 30n, 94
Hoenig, J. 31
Hoffer, Abram 111–12
Hoffman, Albert 168–9, 354
Hoffman, Ralf 363–4, 392, 394
Hogarty, Gerry 506
Hollis, Chris 456
homosexuality 57, 137
homovanillic acid 172, 484, 486, 524
Honderich, Ted 406
Hooley, J. M. 425, 428
hopelessness 247
Hounsefield, Geoffrey 156–7
Howard, Rob 344
Hughes, Martin 191
human behavioural breakdowns 120–21
human genome project 194
Hunt, Edna 48
Hunt, William 48
Hunter, Richard 151
Huxley, Julian 111–12
HVA 172, 484, 486, 524 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid 468 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 167, 169, 468, 570
hypertension 107, 109
hypnosis 357
hypofrontality hypothesis 165–6, 524
hypomania 273, 524
incidence 103–4
and self-esteem 282
hypomanic personality 524
Iacano, William 159
ICD-6 46–7
ICD-8 47, 50, 64, 65
ICD-9 64
ICD-10 62, 65, 66
iconic memory 185, 515
illusions 350
imipramine 89
immigrants 127–8, 308, 474–6
incidence 524
cross-cultural differences 120–28
symptoms 96–104
individualist societies and the self 201
inferences and delusions 315–22
Ingvar, David 165
Inouye, Tsuyoshi 361
insight 496–8, 525
insulin coma 497
intentional states 540
intermingling 387
internal stimuli and emotions 211–13
International Classification of Diseases see ICD-6; ICD-8; ICD-9; ICD-10
International Follow-up Study of Schizophrenia 123–4
International List of Causes of Death 46
International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) 51–3, 54, 87, 123–4, 129
IQ 439n, 461
Jablensky, Assen 124
Jackson, Henry 509
Jackson, Hughlings 73n
Jackson, Mike 99
James, William 211
Jamison, Kay Redfield 114, 270–72, 273–4, 275, 276
Janet, Pierre 351–2n Jannsen, Paul 170
Jaspers, Karl 25–9, 30, 37, 95, 300, 350, 378, 495, 520
Java 122
Jaynes, Julian
137–8, 349
jealousy, delusional 299
jet lag 267
John, Caroline 324
Johns, Louise 374
Johnson, Marcia 365, 366, 369, 375
Johnson, Sheri 283, 287, 431
Johnson, William 312
Johnstone, Eve 93, 158, 221–2, 354
Jones, Ernest 277
Jones, Peter 457
Juhasz, Joseph 349
Jung, Carl Gustav 20, 21, 44, 397–8
Just, Nancy 264
Kahlbaum, Karl Ludwig 538–9
Kallman, Franz 76, 76n
Kamin, Leon 76n, 79
Kane, John 502–3
Kaney, Sue 29, 257–8, 302, 313, 314, 318, 320, 334, 335
kappa 55, 55n, 56, 64
Karlsson, John 114
Kasanin, Jacob 35, 36
Katsanis, Joanna 227–8
Kelley, Harold 254
Kelly, George 304
Kendell, Robert 62, 71, 87, 88, 481
Kendler, Kenneth 441, 444
Kenya 122–3
Kernis, Michael 249, 282, 415–16
Kerr, Natalie 317
Kerr, Sandra 225
ketamine 396
Kety, Seymour 37, 39, 75, 78, 105
Kinderman, Peter 252, 257, 285, 321–2, 332, 333–4, 337, 343
kindling 84
Kingdon, David 507–8
Kinney, Dennis 443
Kirk, Stuart 63
Kissinger, Henry 305
Kitayama, Shinobu 201
Kleinman, Arthur 121n, 124, 125–6, 129, 139–40, 151n, 236–7
Klerman, Gerald 58, 59, 63, 95, 142, 151
Kliest, Karl 36
koro 130, 519
Kraepelin, Emil 9–14, 24, 26, 30, 34, 37, 175
and alcoholism 537
and attention 182–3
clinical attitude 25
Compendium of Psychiatry 10
cross-cultural studies 122
and dementia praecox 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 37, 39–40, 221, 436
differences with Bleuler 22–3
disciples 19
and encephalitis lethargica 39–40
and incoherent speech 378–9, 386
legacy 16–18
and manic depression 35, 36, 37, 84, 85–6
mentors 293
and paranoia 297n
place in history of psychiatry 42–3
post-mortem studies 155
Textbook of Psychiatry 12, 14, 15, 16, 18
theories on classification of mental illness (paradigm) 12–16, 42–3, 95, 140, 141, 410–11
Kraepelin, Karl 9
Kramer, M. 50
Krasner, Leonard 313
Kretschmer, Ernst 104
Kring, Ann 225
Kronengold, Henry 496
Kruglanski, Arie 326
Kuhn, Thomas 41–2
Kuipers, Elizabeth 423, 427, 428
Kutchins, Herb 63
Laborit, Henri 90–91, 169
Laing, R. D. 116, 152, 379, 386, 421, 466
Lam, Dominic 290
Langdon, Robyn 317
language 194–8, 212n
comprehension and production 388–92
incidence of disorders 101–3
and psychosis 203
see also speech Largactil (chlorpromazine) 89, 90–91, 169, 170, 499, 501, 502–3, 644
Larkin, Philip 465–6, 474
LaRusso, Lucrezia 312
latah 130, 131, 519