MACHINES AND NATURE
1 Free Enquirer, December 10, 1831.
2 Philadelphia Gazette, March 23, 1831; Saturday Bulletin, October 8, 1831; James Alexander, Transatlantic Sketches (Philadelphia, 1833), p. 290; Philadelphia Gazette, August 1, 1831; Report of the Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company (Camden, N.J., 1831), p. 17; Henry Booth, An Account of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (London, 1831), p. 197; Saturday Bulletin, April 2, 1831.
3 William Seward, An Autobiography (New York, 1891), pp. 195–96; Niles’ Weekly Register, April 23, 1831.
4 John H. White, Jr., The John Bull: 150 Years a Locomotive (Washington, D.C., 1981), p. 24. See also John H. White, Jr., American Locomotives (Baltimore, 1997); James Vance, Jr., The North American Railroad (Baltimore, 1995).
5 John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831–1915 (Baltimore, 1995); Saturday Bulletin, April 30, 1831.
6 Railroad Journal, January 14, 1832; Annual Report of the South Carolina Canal and Rail-Road Company (Charleston, S. C.: 1831), p. 16; Alexander, Transatlantic Sketches, p. 232; New Orleans Advertiser, in Philadelphia Gazette, May 10, 1831.
7 James Dilts, The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, the Nation’s First Railroad, 1828-1853 (Baltimore, 1993), p. 11. See also John Stover, History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (West Lafayette, Ind., 1987).
8 Donald Jackson, ed., Black Hawk: An Autobiography (Carbondale, Ill., 1964), p. 145.
9 Evans quoted in Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York, 1999), p. 564; Gilbert quoted in Free Enquirer, November 15, 1831.
10 Dilts, Great Road, p. 138; Railroad Journal, June 9, 1832.
11 Abraham Lincoln, “To the People of Sangamo County,” March 9, 1832, in Andrew Delbanco, ed., The Portable Abraham Lincoln (New York, 1992), pp. 5–9.
12 Dilts, Great Road, pp. 109-21.
13 See Stanley I. Kutler, Privilege and Creative Destruction: The Charles River Bridge Case (Philadelphia, 1971); Morton J. Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law, 1780–1860 (Cambridge, Mass., 1977).
14 R. Kent Newmeyer, Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story: Statesman of the Old Republic (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1985); Dilts, Great Road, p. 110; Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge, 11 Peters 420 (1837).
15 J. Leander Bishop, A History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860 (Philadelphia, 1868), pp. 351-65.
16 Salem D. Pattison, The McCormick Extension Case of 1848 (Chicago, 1900), n.p.; William T. Hutchinson, Cyrus Hall McCormick (New York, 1930), p. 83.
17 Gustave de Beaumont, Marie, or Slavery in the United States (Stanford, Calif., 1958), p. 200; The Reaper: Argument of William H. Seward in the Circuit Court of the United States (Auburn, N.Y., 1854), pp. 3, 9, 29.
18 “Letters from Ohio,” New England Magazine 1 (December 1831): 490; Nicholas Wood, A Practical Treatise on Railroads (Philadelphia, 1832), p. 467; Saturday Bulletin, June 25, 1831.
19 Charles Knight, The Results of Machinery (Philadelphia, 1831), pp. 29, 26; “Effects of Machinery,” North American Review 34 (January 1832): 225, 233, 237; Stephen Simpson, The Working Man’s Manual (Philadelphia, 1831), p. 133.
20 W. L. Fisher, Pauperism and Crime (Philadelphia, 1831), p. 18.
21 Tocqueville to Beaumont, April 4, 1832, in Roger Boesche, ed., Alexis de Tocqueville: Selected Letters on Politics and Society (Berkeley, Calif., 1985), p. 77; Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, October 7, 1831, ibid., p. 59.
22 Gustave Beaumont and Alexis de Tocqueville, On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application in France (Philadelphia, 1833; reprinted Carbondale, Ill., 1964), p. 84; Tocqueville quoted in George Wilson Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont in America (New York, 1938; reprinted Baltimore, 1996), pp. 662, 473.
23 Beaumont and Tocqueville, On the Penitentiary System, p. 60; J. P. Mayer, ed., Alexis de Tocqueville: Journey to America (New Haven, 1962), p. 204.
24 Tocqueville quoted in Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont, pp. 546–47; Mayer, ed., Journey, p. 205; Beaumont and Tocqueville quoted in Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont, pp. 47, 115; Tocqueville to Ernest de Chabrol, June 9, 1831, in Boesche, Tocqueville Letters, p. 40.
25 Beaumont quoted in Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont, pp. 190–93; Mayer, ed., Journey, pp. 183, 123.
26 Mayer, ed., Journey, pp. 129–33, 321–22.
27 Ibid., pp. 135, 198-99, 329-30.
28 Ibid., pp. 199-201, 364, 350, 348–49.
29 Ibid., pp. 353, 355, 361, 367.
30 Hall J. Kelley, A General Circular to All Persons of Good Character Who Wish to Emigrate to the Oregon Territory (Charlestown, Mass., 1831).
31 Mayer, ed., Journey, pp. 333, 340, 357, 372–74.
32 Ibid., p. 370; Tocqueville to his mother, December 25, 1831, in Boesche, ed., Tocqueville Letters, p. 69; Beaumont quoted in Pierson, Tocqueville and Beaumont, p. 171.
33 Thomas Hamilton, Men and Manners in America (Philadelphia, 1833); John James Audubon, Ornithological Biography (Philadelphia, 1831), vol. III, p. 486.
34 “Audubon’s Ornithological Biography,” Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 30 (July 1831): 2; Thomas Nuttall, A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and Canada (Cambridge, Mass., 1832), p. 1.
35 Quoted in Brian Dippie, Catlin and His Contemporaries: The Politics of Patronage (Lincoln, Neb., 1990), pp. 30, 60.
36 Audubon, Ornithological Biography, vol. I, p. v; “Ornithological Biography,” American Quarterly Review 20 (December 1831): 245-58; “Audubon’s Ornithological Biography,” American Monthly Review 1 (May 1832): 349-60.
37 “Remarks on Audubon’s ‘Birds of America’ and ‘Ornithological Biography,’” Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 10 (January–March 1831), pp. 322, 327; “Audubon’s Ornithological Biography,” pp. 14-15.
38 “Ornithological Biography,” p. 258; United States Gazette, July 13, 1831; “Remarks on Audubon’s ‘Birds of America’ and ‘Ornithological Biography,’” p. 326; “Audubon,” Monthly American Journal of Geology 1 (April 1832): 465.
39 John James Audubon to Mrs. Audubon, November 23, 1831, in Howard Corning, ed., Letters of John James Audubon (Boston, 1930), vol. I, p. 154; “Letter from J. J. Audubon to the Editor, December 31, 1831,” Monthly American Journal of Geology 1 (March 1832): 413; John James Audubon to Robert Havell, September 20, 1831, in Corning, ed., Audubon Letters, vol. I, 136.
40 Charles P. Ambler, The Life and Diary of John Floyd (Richmond, Va., 1918), p. 163; John James Audubon to Mrs. Audubon, October 9, 23, and 30, 1831, in Corning, ed., Audubon Letters, vol. I, pp. 140, 142-45; “Audubon,” p. 468.
41 “The Long-Billed Curlew,” in Audubon, Ornithological Biography, vol. III, pp. 240–45.
42 John James Audubon to Mrs. Audubon, October 23, 1831, in Corning, ed., Audubon Letters, vol. I, p. 144; John James Audubon to Mrs. Audubon, November 23, 1831, ibid., p. 154; “Letter from Audubon to the Editor, December 7, 1831,” Monthly American Journal of Geology 1 (February 1832): 359; “Letter from J. J. Audubon to the Editor, December 31, 1831,” Monthly American Journal of Geology 1 (March 1832): 408–9.
43 “Letter of J. J. Audubon to Editor, December 31, 1831,” p. 408; “The Golden Eagle,” in Audubon, Ornithological Biography, vol. I, pp. 464–69.
44 Maine Working Men’s Advocate, June 20, 1831; Boston Medical Journal quoted in Philadelphia Chronicle, July 23, 1831; Maine Working Men’s Advocate, September 22, 1831.
45 “Board of Health—Cholera,” Periscope, October 1, 1831; “Cholera,” American Quarterly Review 10 (December 1831): 334–55; diary entry quoted in Charles Rosenberg, The Cholera Years (Chicago, 1962), p. 3.
46 “Cholera,” pp. 354-55; Boston Daily Advertiser, quoted in Poulson’s, September 10, 1831.
47 George Catlin, July 15, 1832, quoted in Dippie, Catlin and His Contemporaries, p. 33.
48 Physician quoted in Rosenberg, Cholera Years, p. 66; diary of Johnson Mason, Jr., American Antiquarian Society. I am grateful to Ellen Dunlap for bri
nging this entry to my attention.
49 “Cholera,” p. 355; Isaac Fidler, Observations on Professions, Literature, Manners, and Emigration in the United States and Canada (New York, 1833), p. 163; Allan Nevins, ed., The Diary of Philip Hone (New York, 1927), vol. I, p. 78.
50 Physician quoted in Rosenberg, Cholera Years, p. 96; James Kennedy, The History of the Contagious Cholera (London, 1832), p. 113; Fidler, Observations, p. 162; “Cholera,” p. 345; Precautions Necessary to Be Taken Against the Cholera (New York, 1832), p. 6.
51 “Cholera,” American Monthly Review 1 (May 1832): 386; Francis Wayland, An Address Delivered Before the Providence Association for the Promotion of Temperance (Providence, 1831), pp. 4-5; Millennial Harbinger, August 6, 1832.
52 On the history of Mount Auburn, see David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore, 1991); Blanche Linden-Ward, Silent City on a Hill: Landscapes of Memory and Boston’s Mt. Auburn Cemetery (Columbus, 1989); Stanley French, “The Cemetery as Cultural Institution: The Establishment of Mount Auburn and the ‘Rural Cemetery’ Movement,” American Quarterly 26 (March 1974): 38-59.
53 Jacob Bigelow, A History of the Cemetery of Mount Auburn (Boston, 1840), pp. 133–43; “Mount Auburn Cemetery,” North American Review 33 (October 1831): 399.
54 Joseph Story to Reverend John Brazer, May 25, 1831, in William W. Story, ed., Life and Letters of Joseph Story (Boston, 1851), vol. II, pp. 54–55; Joseph Story, An Address Delivered on the Dedication of the Cemetery at Mount Auburn (Boston, 1831).
55 Fanny Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans (London, 1832; New York, 1997), p. 239; observer quoted in Pamela Neville-Sington, “Introduction,” p. vii; See Donald Smalley, “Introduction,” Domestic Manners of the Americans (New York, 1949).
56 Trollope, Domestic Manners, pp. 314, 168, 140, 246, 190–91.
57 Ibid., pp. 130–31, 160, 60, 266.
58 Ibid., pp. 197, 257, 172.
59 Ibid., pp. 68, 234, 270, 81, 69.
60 Ibid, p. 268. Thomas Cole quoted in Louis Noble, “The Course of Empire,” “Voyage of Life,” and Other Pictures of Thomas Cole (New York, 1853), pp. 122–23, 127.
61 On Thomas Cole, see Matthew Baigell, Thomas Cole (New York, 1981); Ellwood Parry, The Art of Thomas, Cole: Ambition and Imagination (Newark, 1988); William Truettner and Alan Wallach, eds., Thomas Cole: Landscape into History (New Haven, 1994).
62 Trollope, Domestic Manners, pp. 223–24, 229.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages of your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
abolition, see emancipation; slavery, abolition of
Adams, John Quincy; Anti-Masonic politics and; and death of James Monroe; nullification and; opinions on slavery of; presidency of
Alabama legislature
Alexander, James
Alexandria Gazette
Alien and Sedition Acts
“America” (hymn)
American Anti-Slavery Society
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
American Colonization Society
American Education Society
American Ornithology (Wilson)
American Philosophical Society
American Revolution
American Temperance Society
Anderson, Lieutenant Robert
Anti-Masonic Almanac for the Year 1831
Anti-Masonic Committee of Correspondence (York County, Pennsylvania)
Anti-Masonic Convention
Anti-Masonic Party; presidential campaign of
Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, An (Child)
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (Walker)
Arminians
Army, U.S.
Articles of Agreement and Capitulation (U.S.-Sauk treaty)
Ash’s Pocket Almanac
Assiniboine Indians
Astor, John Jacob
Audubon, John James
Authentic and Impartial Narrative of the Tragical Scene (Warner)
Bachman, John
Bad Axe, Battle of
Badger’s Weekly Messenger
Baldwin, Henry
Baldwin, Matthias
Baltimore and Ohio (B & O) Railroad
Bancroft, George
Bank of the United States; constitutionality of; First; as issue in 1832 presidential election campaign; opposition to; rechartering of; Second; support for
banks, state
Barbour, Philip
Barry, William
Bates, Isaac
Beagle (ship)
Beaumont, Gustave; on American wilderness; on Indians; on Jackson; on racial prejudice and slavery; on trade
Beecher, Edward
Beecher, Lyman
Benton, Thomas Hart
Berrien, John
Biddle, Nicholas
Bigelow, Jacob
Birds of America (Audubon)
birth control
black codes
Black Hawk
Black Hawk, a Prominent Sauk (Catlin)
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine
Blair, Francis
Blunt, Simon
Boardman, James
Boston Evening Gazette
Boston Medical Journal
Boston Patriot
Boudinot, Elias
Branch, John
Brodnax, William Henry
Brown, John Thompson
Bryce, Archibald
Butler, Elizur
Calhoun, Floride
Calhoun, John C.: Bank of the United States and; Jackson and; nullification and
Calvinists
Camden and Amboy Railroad
camp meetings
canals
Candid Appeal to the American Public (Eaton)
capital punishment, abolition of
Carey, Matthew
Carr, Dabney
Carroll, Charles
cartoons, political
Catawba Indians
Catlin, George
Charles X, king of France
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
Chase, Salmon
Cherokee Nation: forced migration of; Indian Removal Act and; Jackson’s attitude toward; Supreme Court and
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Cherokee Phoenix
Chesapeake and Ohio (C & 0) Canal
Chickasaw Indians
Child, David
Child, Lydia Maria
Chippewa Indians
Choctaw Indians
cholera epidemic
Christian theology
Civil War
Clark, William
Clay, Edward William
Clay, Henry; Anti-Masons and; Bank of the United States supported by; colonization and; presidential candidacy of; tariff supported by
Clayton, Augustin S.
coexistence, racial
Cole, Thomas
Coles, Edward
colonization of blacks, see removal of blacks
Confessions of a Magdalen
Confessions of Nat Turner, The (Gray)
Congregationalists, see Calvinists
Congress, U.S.; Bank of United States and; Indian removal and; nullification and; slavery and; tariffs and; see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
Considerations on the Currency and Banking System (Gallatin)
Constitution, U.S.; Bank of the United States and; Indians and; nullification and; slavery and; states’ rights and; tariffs and
Constitutional Whig
conversion, religious
Cooper, Peter
Correspondence Between General Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, The (United States Telegraph)
Course of Empire, The (Cole)
Crawford, William
Cuisco, Sagan
Darwin, Charles
Davis, Jefferson
Davis, Phineas
debt, imprisonment for
Declaration of Independence
Democracy in America (Tocqueville)
Democrats
Dew, Thomas
domesticity, ideal of
Domestic Manners of the Americans (Trollope)
Donelson, Emily
“Downfall of Mother Bank, The” (cartoon)
Drayton, William
Dripps, Isaac
Duponceau, Peter
Eaton, John
Eaton, Margaret O’Neale Timberlake
eclipse of 1831
education, universal
Ely, Ezra Stiles
emancipation; gradual; immediate; preparation for; see also free blacks
Emancipation Proclamation
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Erie Canal
evangelical Protestantism, see revivalism
Evans, George Henry
Everett, Alexander
Everett, Edward
executive branch of Government
“Exhibition of Cabinet Pictures” (lithograph)
Federalist Papers, The
Federalists
Fidler, Isaac
Finney, Charles Grandison
Floyd, John
Force Bill (1833)
Fourth of July (steamship)
1831 Page 27
