Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography

by Charles Moore

  CHAPTER 19: NOT FOR TURNING

  1. Hoskyns to PM, 19 June 1980, The National Archives (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) PREM 19/172. 2. Interview with Clive Priestley. 3. Ibid. 4. See Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, HarperCollins, 1993, p. 90. 5. Interview with Sir John Chilcot. 6. Interview with Sir Peter de la Billière. 7. Interview with Clive Priestley. 8. Ibid. 9. Private information. 10. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 48. 11. Interview with Sir Robin Ibbs. 12. Interview with Lord Armstrong of Ilminster. 13. Interview with Clive Priestley. 14. Ibid. 15. Ian Gilmour, Dancing with Dogma: Britain under Thatcherism, Simon & Schuster, 1992, p. 21. 16. Ibid. 17. Interview with Robin Day, Panorama (BBC1), 25 Feb. 1980 (Christopher Collins, ed., Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000). 18. Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 13 Mar. 1980. 19. Interview, The Jimmy Young Programme (BBC Radio 2), 30 Apr. 1980 (Collins, ed., Complete Public Statements). 20. Lawson to PM, 22 Feb. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, The Prime Minister’s Meeting with Professor Milton Friedman on 27 February 1980 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 21. Private information. 22. Text of Milton Friedman’s evidence to the Treasury Select Committee, as reprinted in the Observer, 6 July 1980. 23. Memo of meeting between PM and Gordon Pepper, 18 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/33. 24. Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 26 Mar. 1980. 25. Interview with Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach. 26. Monthly Economic Brief CSO, 31 July 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/173. 27. Speech to Press Association annual luncheon, 11 June 1980 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104377). 28. John Hoskyns, Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution, Aurum Press, 2000, p. 187. 29. Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 17 June 1980. 30. Ibid. 31. Interview with Lord Mayhew. 32. Ibid. 33. Armstrong to Wass, 25 Apr. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/172. 34. Armstrong to PM, 2 May 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/172. 35. Hoskyns, Just in Time, p. 200. 36. Interview with Sir Douglas Wass. 37. Interview with Lord Burns. 38. Ibid. 39. All quotations from Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 3 July 1980. 40. Ibid., 10 July 1980. 41. Hugo Young, The Hugo Young Papers: Thirty Years of British Politics – Off the Record, Allen Lane, 2008, p. 152. 42. Interview with Lord Burns. 43. Sunday Times, 1 Aug. 1980 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104214). 44. Interview with People Weekly, 30 July 1980. 45. Macmillan to PM, 20 Aug. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/173. 46. Interview with Lady Wakeham. 47. Interview with Dame Mary Morrison. 48. Interview with Lord Gowrie. 49. Interview with Richard and Veronique Bowdler-Raynar. 50. Private information. 51. Pattison to PM, 2 Sept. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/173. 52. Interview with Lord Burns. 53. Ibid. 54. Ibid. 55. Hoskyns, Just in Time, p. 228. 56. Ibid., p. 230. 57. Ibid. 58. Ibid., p. 231. 59. Speech to Conservative Party conference, Brighton, 10 Oct. 1980 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104431). 60. Hoskyns, Just in Time, p. 231. 61. Speech to Conservative Party conference, Brighton, 10 Oct. 1980 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104431). 62. Hoskyns to PM, 24 Oct. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/174. 63. PM to Lankester, 24 Oct. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/174. 64. Lankester to Chancellor’s private office, 13 Nov. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/174. 65. Ibid. 66. Ibid. 67. Young, The Hugo Young Papers, p. 157. 68. Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 30 Oct. 1980. 69. Interview with Sir John Hoskyns. 70. Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 13 Nov. 1980. 71. Ibid. 72. Ibid. 73. Guardian, 19 Nov. 1980. 74. Geoffrey Howe, A Conflict of Loyalty, Macmillan, 1994, p. 190. 75. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 129. 76. W. F. Deedes, diary (unpublished), 23 Dec. 1980. 77. Howe to PM, 31 Dec. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/174. 78. Ingham digest, 29 Dec. 1980, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 3/5/2. 79. Interview with People Weekly, 30 July 1980 (Collins, ed., Complete Public Statements). 80. Ingham to Pym, 26 Jan. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Economic Policy: Economic Strategy: Pay and Prices (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 81. Interview with Sir Robert Wade-Gery. 82. Ibid. 83. Wiggins to Whitmore, 25 Apr. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/181 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 84. Note by Secretaries to E Committee, 12 June 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/181 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 85. Ibid. 86. Howell, Strategy for Coal for E Committee, 10 Sept, 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Financial Position of the Coal Industry: Mineworkers’ Pay (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 87. Ingham digest, 13 Nov. 1980, THCR 3/5/2. 88. Note of Meeting with PM and Ezra, 29 Jan. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Financial Position of the Coal Industry: Mineworkers’ Pay (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 89. Ingham to PM, 13 Feb. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Financial Position of the Coal Industry: Mineworkers’ Pay (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 90. Interviews with Lord Howell of Guildford and Michael Portillo. 91. Interview with Lord Howell of Guildford. 92. Ingham to PM, 19 Feb. 1981, Financial Position of the Coal Industry: Mineworkers’ Pay (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 93. Ingham digest, 19 Feb. 1981, THCR 3/5/3. 94. Lankester to West, 20 Feb. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Financial Position of the Coal Industry: Mineworkers’ Pay (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 95. Daily Telegraph, 20 Feb. 1981. 96. Interview with Richard Allen. 97. Reagan and Thatcher telephone conversation, 21 Jan. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: UK/USA Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 98. Thomas to PM, 26 Jan. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: UK/USA Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 99. Thomas to Berthoud, 24 July 1980, TNA: PRO FCO 82/1017. 100. Speech at the Pilgrims’ Dinner, London, 29 Jan. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104557). 101. Reagan to Thatcher, 2 Feb. 1981, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher Cables [1], Box 34, Exec Sec, NSC: Head of State File, Reagan Library, Simi Valley CA. 102. Interview with Richard Allen. 103. Haig to President, ‘Visit of Prime Minister Thatcher’, 5. Official Working Visit of Prime Minister Thatcher of United Kingdom 02/26/1981 (6 of 8), Box 4, Charles Tyson Files, Reagan Library. 104. Allen to Reagan, ‘Your meeting with Prime Minister Thatcher (Thursday, 26 February)’, Papers of Jim Rentschler. 105. Anson to Lankester, 21 Jan. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: UK/USA Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 106. Herbert Stein, Presidential Economics: The Making of Economic Policy from Roosevelt to Clinton, 3rd rev. edn, AEI Press, 1994, p. 233. 107. Interview with James Baker. 108. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 158. 109. Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham. 110. Interview with Paul Volcker. 111. Sprinkel to Regan, 24 Feb. 1981, Box 185, Papers of Don Regan, Library of Congress, Washington DC. 112. ‘UK Domestic Economic Policy’, Department of State Briefing Paper, 17 Feb. 1981, released by the US State Department Archive under FOIA Case #200505131. 113. Interview with Harvey Thomas. 114. Interview with Paul Volcker. 115. Memo for the President from Richard V. Allen, 24 Feb. 1981, Papers of Jim Rentschler. 116. The Times, 26 Feb. 1981. 117. New York Times, 27 Feb. 1981. 118. Remarks on arriving at the White House, 26 Feb. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104576). 119. Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, HarperCollins, 2007, 26 Feb. 1981, p. 5. 120. Financial Times, 27 Feb. 1981. 121. Conference for Washington Press Club, 26 Feb. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104578). 122. Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, 27 Feb. 1981, p. 5. 123. Interview with Jim Rentschler. 124. Ibid. 125. See Nicholas Henderson, Mandarin: The Diaries of an Ambassador 1969–1982, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994, p. 383. 126. Speech at British embassy dinner for President Reagan, 27 Feb. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104581). 127. Ibid., Reagan’s reply. 128. Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, 27 Feb. 1981, p. 5. 129. Henderson, Mandarin, p. 388. 130. Ibid. 131. Ibid. 132. Interview with Sir Nicholas Henderson. 133. Interview with Kenneth Adelman. 134. Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, 27 Feb. 1981, p. 5. 135. PM to Henderson, 5 Mar. 1981, TNA: PRO PREM 19/600. 136. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 137. Interview with Lord Carrington. 138. Thatcher to Reagan, 5 Mar. 1981, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher, Box 35, Exec Sec, NSC: Head of State File, Reagan Library. 139. Hoskyns to PM, 11 Nov. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/174. 140. Hoskyns to PM, 20 Nov. 1980, TNA: PR
O PREM 19/174. 141. The Times, 26 Jan. 1981. 142. Interview with Lord Owen. 143. Ibid. 144. Interview with Sir Robin Ibbs. 145. Interview with Andrew Duguid. 146. Interview with Sir John Hoskyns. 147. Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11, Bantam, 1992, p. 64. 148. Ibid., p. 65. 149. Nigel Lawson, speech to the Zurich Society of Economics, 14 Jan. 1981. 150. Hoskyns, Just in Time, p. 260. 151. Ibid.

  CHAPTER 20: RUSSIA … AND REAGAN

  1. Lever to Cartledge, 8 May 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Soviet Union: Misc (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 2. Interview with Lord Carrington. 3. PM to Conquest, 6 June 1979, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 2/6/2/38. 4. PM to Conquest, 26 June 1978, THCR 2/6/2/38. 5. Robert Conquest, Present Danger: Towards a Foreign Policy, Hoover Institution Press, 1979. 6. Interview with Robert Conquest. 7. Conquest to PM, 30 July 1979, THCR 2/6/2/38. 8. Conquest to PM, 28 Aug. 1979, THCR 2/6/2/38. 9. Conquest to PM, 12 Dec. 1979, THCR 2/6/2/38. 10. Thomas to PM, ‘The Office of Prime Minister: a historical note’, Oct. 1980, THCR 2/6/1/254. 11. Conquest to Gow, 12 Apr. 1983, THCR 2/6/2/38. 12. Interview with Robert Conquest. 13. Ryder to PM, 3 Oct. 1979, THCR 2/6/2/38. 14. Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore. 15. Interview with Sir Michael Alexander, 25 Nov. 1998, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge. 16. Interview with Lord Carrington. 17. Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite. 18. Rodric Braithwaite, Across the Moscow River: The World Turned Upside Down, Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 51–2. 19. Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum. 20. Mallaby to Gillmore, ‘Positions of Strength in Arms Control Negotiations’, 6 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO FCO 28/3865. 21. Interview with Sir John Coles. 22. 181220z Jul 79, RAC NLC-31-145-7-2-8, Carter Library, Atlanta GA. 23. Interview with Lord Carrington. 24. Brzezinski to President, ‘Thoughts on Thatcher: Foreign Policy Implications of the Tory Triumph’, RAC NLC-6-77-2-8-1, Carter Library. 25. Carter to Thatcher, 11 May 1979, The National Archives (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) FCO 82/978-980. 26. Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore. 27. Thatcher to Carter, 15 June 1979, TNA: PRO FCO 82/978-980. 28. Partial record of Thatcher Discussion with Schmidt, 11 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/15. 29. Cartledge to Lever, 13 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/15. 30. Note of Giscard d’Estaing/Thatcher meeting, 19 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/15. 31. Cartledge to Lever, 25 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/15. 32. Thatcher to Carter, 28 July 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/15. 33. Speech to Conservative Party conference, 12 Oct. 1979 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104147). 34. Winston Churchill Memorial Lecture, Luxembourg, 18 Oct. 1979 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104149). 35. Interview with Lord Parkinson. 36. Cartledge to FCO, 27 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/124. 37. Daily Telegraph, 4 July 1979. 38. Band to Fall, ‘Kosygin’s Invitation to the Prime Minister’, 6 July 1979, TNA: PRO FCO 28/3880. 39. Band to Fall, ‘Invitation to the Prime Minister’, 3 Aug. 1979, TNA: PRO FCO 28/3865. 40. Extract from record of meeting of Carter and Thatcher, 17 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/134. 41. Thatcher to Brezhnev, 29 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/134. 42. Conquest to Ryder, 4 Jan. 1980, THCR 2/6/2/35. 43. Note for the Record, meeting with Lunkov, 3 Jan. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/134. 44. Interview with Sir Michael Alexander, 25 Nov. 1998, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge. 45. Carrington to PM, 2 Jan. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/134. 46. Alexander to Walden, 3 Jan. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/134. 47. Alexander to Lyne, 8 Jan. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/135. 48. OD Minutes, 22 Jan. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Afghanistan: Internal Situation: Soviet Military Intervention (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 49. Brzezinski to Carter, 29 Jan. 1980, Plains File Box 2, Carter Library. 50. Interview with Zbigniew Brzezinski. 51. Hansard, HC Deb 28 Jan. 1980 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104298). 52. Brzezinski to Henderson, 11 Feb. 1980, CO65, CO167, WHCF-Subject File, Carter Library. 53. Time, 4 Jan. 1980. 54. PM to Follows, 19 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/374. 55. PM to Duke of Edinburgh, 30 Apr. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/375. 56. Note on Carrington report on journey to Turkey, Pakistan etc., 19 Jan. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/135. 57. Record of conversation between Thatcher and Schmidt, 25 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/136. 58. Record of discussion between Thatcher and Schmidt, 8 March 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/137. 59. Giscard d’Estaing to Thatcher, 26 June 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Afghanistan: Internal Situation: Soviet Military Intervention (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 60. Speech to party conference, 10 Oct. 1980 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104431). 61. Thomas C. Reed, At the Abyss: An Insider’s History of the Cold War, Presidio Press, 2004, pp. 234–5. 62. Interview with Sir Christopher Mallaby. 63. Interview with Lord Carrington. 64. Interview with Edwin Meese. 65. Ronald Reagan, 29 Jan. 1981, The President’s News Conference, Public Papers of the Presidents, The American Presidency Project, University of California. 66. Press conference for Association of American Correspondents in London, 16 Feb. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104570). 67. James Rentschler, ‘A Reason to Get Up in the Morning: A Cold Warrior Remembers’, unpublished memoir, p. 578. 68. Summary of President’s meeting with Prime Minister Thatcher, 26 Feb. 1981, Reagan Memcons (2), Box 48, Exec sec, NSC: Subject File, Reagan Library. 69. Ibid. 70. Speech accepting the Donovan Award, New York, 28 Feb. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104584). 71. Interview with Lord Carrington. 72. Speech accepting the Donovan Award, 28 Feb. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104584). 73. Alexander to Walden, 9 Mar. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers: Soviet Union: UK/Soviet Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 74. Walden to Alexander, 30 Jan. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers: Soviet Union: UK/Soviet Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 75. Walden to Alexander, 18 Mar. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers: Soviet Union: UK/Soviet Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 76. Interview with Sir Murdo Maclean. 77. Interview with Richard Perle. 78. Interview with Richard Allen. 79. ‘East–West Relations’, 11 Feb. 1981, Department of State Briefing Paper, Released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200505131. 80. Interview with General Alexander Haig 81. ‘Security/Arms Control Issues’, 17 Feb. 1981, Department of State Briefing Paper, released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200505131. 82. Interview with Jim Rentschler. See also Rentschler to Allen, ‘Thatcher Visit: Talking Points for the Press’, 20 Feb. 1981, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher Visit, 02/25/1981–02/28/1981 (1), RAC Box 1, Exec Sec, NSC: VIP Visits, Reagan Library, Simi Valley CA. 83. Interview with Jim Rentschler. 84. Haig to Reagan, ‘The Atlantic Alliance’, 29 Apr. 1981, NSC 00008 30 April 81 (3/3), Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Box 91282, Reagan Library. 85. Interview with Richard Perle. 86. Hansard, HC Deb 19 Nov. 1981 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104745). 87. Ibid., 18 Mar. 1982 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104896). 88. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, HarperCollins, 1993, p. 472. 89. Interview with Ken Adelman. 90. Interview with Richard Allen. 91. Ronald Reagan, An American Life: The Autobiography, Simon & Schuster, 1990, p. 550. 92. Interview with David Aaron. 93. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, pp. 245–6. 94. Interviews with Lord Carrington and Sir Michael Palliser. 95. Interview with Jim Thomson. 96. Sec. Def. Meeting with UK MOD John Nott, 11 Mar. 1981, 20 Mar. 1981, 1981 UK 1, Box 666, Papers of Caspar Weinberger, Library of Congress. 97. Interview with Sir John Nott. 98. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 99. ‘Extract from Record, PM + S/S Defence’, 10 Feb. 1981, TNA: PRO PREM 19/417. 100. Ibid. 101. Perle to Weinberger, Joint US/UK Review of Defense Program, 13 Oct. 1981, 1981 UK 7, Box 666, Papers of Caspar Weinberger. 102. Interview with Richard Perle. 103. Interview with Richard Allen. 104. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 248. 105. 110900z Mar 82, ‘Message from the Prime Minister to President Reagan’, 11 Mar. 1982, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher, Box 36, Exec Sec, NSC: Head of State File, Reagan Library. 106. Record of a conversation between PM and Waldheim, 20 May 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Afghanistan: Internal Situation: Soviet Military Intervention (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 107. Record of conversation between Thatcher and Kisiel, 9 Dec. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Pol
and: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 108. Ibid. 109. Thatcher to Carter, 8 Dec. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 110. Record of conversation between Thatcher and Haig, 10 Apr. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: UK/US Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 111. Richards to Alexander, 13 Nov. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, PM’s Tours: Suggestion that PM might visit Poland in 1982 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 112. Reagan to Thatcher, 19 Dec. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 113. Record of conversation between Carrington and PM, 20 Dec. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 114. Thatcher to Reagan, 22 Dec. 1981, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher, Box 35, Exec Sec, NSC: Head of State File, Reagan Library. 115. National Security Council Minutes, 6 July 1981, NSC 00016, Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Box 91282, Reagan Library. 116. National Security Council Minutes, 22 Dec. 1981, NSC 00034, Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Box 91283, Reagan Library. 117. Thatcher draft reply to Reagan letter of 24 Dec. 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 118. Thatcher to Reagan, 8 Jan. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 119. Record of conversation between Thatcher and Haig, 29 Jan. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 120. Haig to Reagan, 29 Jan. 1982, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher, Box 35, Exec Sec, NSC: Head of State File, Reagan Library. 121. Thatcher to Reagan, 29 Jan. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Poland: Situation and Relations (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 122. Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, HarperCollins, 2007, 30 Jan. 1982, p. 66. 123. ‘Terms of Reference for High-Level USG Mission to Europe on Soviet Sanctions’, 26 Feb. 1982, NSC 00043 02/26/83, Box 91283, Exec Sec, NSC: NSC Meeting Files, Reagan Library. 124. Reed, At the Abyss, p. 227. 125. NSDD 32, 20 May 1982, cited in Peter Schweizer, Reagan’s War: The Epic Story of his Forty-Year Struggle and Final Triumph over Communism, Doubleday, 2002, pp. 154–5. 126. Interview with Roger Robinson. 127. Coles to PM, 12 Feb. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: Visits to UK by Presidents of the US (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 128. Ibid. 129. Whitmore to Fall, 11 Mar. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: Visits to UK by Presidents of the US (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 130. Whitmore to Halliday, 15 Mar. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: Visits to UK by Presidents of the US (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 131. 221706z Mar 82, ‘Presidential Visit to London: Thatcher decision on venue for speech’, 22 Mar. 1982, UK (09/01/1981–03/31/1982) [4], Box 20, Exec Sec, NSC: Country File, Reagan Library. 132. Henderson telegram no. 948, 18 Mar. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: Visits to UK by Presidents of the US (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 133. Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, 24 May 1982, p. 86. 134. Interview with Jim Hooley. 135. Ronald Reagan: Address to Members of the British Parliament, 8 June 1982, The Public Papers of the Presidents, The American Presidency Project, University of California. 136. Speech at lunch for US President, 8 June 1982 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104957). 137. Text of speech at lunch for US President, 8 June 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, USA: Visits to UK by Presidents of the US (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 138. Haig to Reagan, 8 June 1982, UK (04/01/1982–07/31/1982) [6], Box 20, Exec Sec, NSC: Country File, Reagan Library. 139. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 244. 140. Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore. 141. 250049z Jun 82, ‘Official-Informal: Thatcher Visit’, 25 June 1982, released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200600789. 142. Interview with Judge William Clark. 143. Interview with Thomas Niles. 144. Interview with Bud McFarlane. 145. Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore. 146. See Hansard, HC Deb 1 July 1982 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104986). 147. Thatcher to Reagan, 30 July 1982, UK: Prime Minister Thatcher, Box 35, Exec Sec, NSC: Head of State File, Reagan Library. 148. Interview with Roger Robinson. 149. Interview with George Shultz. 150. Ibid. 151. George Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993, p. 141. 152. Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite. 153. Thatcher to Reagan, 12 Nov. 1982, THCR 3/1/26. 154. Draft condolence letter, 10 Nov. 1982, Prime Minister’s Papers, Deaths: The Death of President Brezhnev (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).