Mandela
Page 81
16. Mandela to Richard Stengel
17. Mandela, letter to Amanda Kwadi, Orlando, May 12, 1986
18. Jail Memoir
19. SAIRR, A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, 1977, p. 119
20. Star, April 26, 1977; New York Times, April 27, 1977
21. South African Panorama, July 1977
22. Amnesty International, Political Imprisonment in South Africa, p. 83; The Times, April 26, 1977
23. The Times, April 26, 1977; Maharaj, comments on text
24. J. Schadeberg, op. cit., p. 27
25. Lodge and Nasson, op. cit., p. 308
26. Lekota, interview with author, Feb. 8, 1997
27. Lekota, op. cit., p. ii
28. Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997
29. J. Schadeberg, op. cit., p. 45
30. Kathrada, interview with author, Jan. 26, 1996
31. Sunday Independent, June 25, 1995
32. Nair, interview with author, Feb. 20, 1997
33. Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997
34. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., p. 297
35. Sunday Independent, June 25, 1995
36. Mandela, “Message on the Death of Themba Harry Gwala,” June 20, 1995; Sisulu, interview with author, Nov. 25, 1996
37. G. Mbeki, Learning from Robben Island, op. cit., pp. vii, xxi
38. Morobe, interview with author, Feb. 7, 1997
39. G. Mbeki, Learning from Robben Island, op. cit., p. xxiii
40. Buntman, op. cit., p. 187
41. Kathrada, interview with author, Nov. 27, 1995
42. Sisulu, interview with author, Jan. 25, 1996
43. Long Walk, p. 510
44. Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997
45. Kathrada, op. cit.; G. Mbeki, Learning from Robben Island, op. cit., pp. 178–80
46. Kathrada, op. cit.
47. G. Mbeki, Learning from Robben Island, op. cit., pp. 178–87
48. Ibid., pp. 187, 196
49. Kathrada, op. cit.
50. G. Mbeki, Learning from Robben Island, op. cit., p. xxiii
51. Kathrada, interview with author, Jan. 31, 1996
52. G. Mbeki, Learning from Robben Island, op. cit., p. xxii
53. Kathrada, interview with author, Feb. 7, 1997
54. Kathrada, op. cit.; Sechaba, July 1969
55. Long Walk, p. 580; Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997
56. Seakhoa, interview with author, Nov. 29, 1995
57. Sisulu, interview with author, Jan. 25, 1996
58. Kathrada, op. cit.; Mandela, covering note to Kathrada, Summary
59. Venkatrathnam, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film)
60. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., p. 57
61. Oscar Wilde, “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” (1898)
62. Weekly Mail, Oct. 20, 1989; Kathrada, letter to Eddie Daniels, July 22, 1989
63. Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997
64. Lekota, interview with author, Feb. 8, 1997
65. Seakhoa, interview with author, Nov. 29, 1995
66. Motlana, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film); Motlana, interview with author, June 26, 1997; W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 130
67. W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 131
68. Frank Schmidt et al., ICRC Report on Visit to Robben Island, March 29–April 2, 1977
69. Mandela to Richard Stengel
70. Motlana, interview with author, Oct. 19, 1996
71. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, May 27, 1979, Sept. 2, 1979
72. Long Walk, p. 601
73. Mandela, letter to Sheila Weinberg, 1978; Mandela, letter to “Our Dear Reggie” (Tambo), 1978
74. New York Times, July 19, 1978; United Nations Centre Against Apartheid Notes and Documents, “Observance of Mr. Nelson R. Mandela’s Sixtieth Birthday,” August 1978
75. The Times, July 19, 1978
76. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, June 1, 1980; Long Walk, p. 585
77. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, March 1, 1981
78. Long Walk, p. 595; Mandela, letter to Sheila Weinberg, 1978
79. Sunday Independent, June 25, 1995
80. Mandela, letter to Nthato Motlana, 1980
81. Maharaj, interview with author, March 16, 1999
82. Mandela, “Black Consciousness Movement,” op. cit.
83. Jannie Roux, letter to Minister of Prisons, June 12, 1980 (Prison Records)
84. “Security Prisoner Nelson Mandela: Background,” Feb. 12, 1981 (Justice Archive)
85. H. J. Coetsee, “Nelson Mandela,” March 23, 1981 (Justice Archive)
21 A Family Apart: 1977–1980
1. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, undated and Jan. 21, 1979
2. Buntman, op. cit., p. 247
3. Benson, Nelson Mandela, pp. 187, 165
4. W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 116; Motlana, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film)
5. W. Mandela, op. cit., pp. 116–17
6. Kathrada, comments on text; Gregory, op. cit., p. 170–1
7. Long Walk, p. 586
8. Mandela, letter to Zindzi Mandela, Sept. 4, 1977
9. Mandela to Richard Stengel
10. W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 127
11. Benson, Nelson Mandela, p. 170
12. Ibid., pp. 68–9
13. Meer, op. cit., p. 306
14. Mandela to Richard Stengel
15. Allister Sparks, Tomorrow Is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution, pp. 17–20
16. Mandela, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film); Long Walk, p. 590
17. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, June 26, 1977, June 10, 1979, Oct. 1, 1979
18. W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 137
19. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, Jan. 21, 1979, June 29, 1980, Dec. 1, 1976
20. Observer, Jan. 1982
21. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, May 6, 1979, July 21, 1979, Feb. 3, 1980, June 28, 1980, April 15, 1980
22. Mandela, letter to Zindzi Mandela, Sept. 4, 1977
23. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, Sept. 2, 1979
24. Benson, Nelson Mandela, pp. 185–6
25. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, June 1, 1980
26. Kuzwayo, op. cit., p. 247
27. Observer, Jan. 1982; Gilbey, op. cit., p. 134
28. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, Sept. 9, 1979
29. Kathrada, Star, July 17, 1998
30. Mandela, letter to Zindzi Mandela, Sept. 4, 1977
31. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, July 29, 1979
32. Long Walk, p. 588
33. Mandela, letter to Zeni Mandela, Oct. 30, 1977; Long Walk, p. 589
34. Mandela, letter to Helen Joseph, Oct. 15, 1978
35. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, Sept. 26, 1979
36. W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 136
37. Mandela, letter to a friend, Jan. 1, 1976
38. Mandela, letters to Zindzi Mandela, Oct. 30, 1977, March 5, 1978, Sept. 4, 1977
39. Zindzi Mandela, Black As I Am, p. 14
40. Mandela, letter to Zindzi Mandela, Jan. 27, 1980
41. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, May 6, 1979
42. Mandela, letters to Zindzi Mandela, Dec. 1979, Feb. 3, 1979, March 25, 1979
43. Independent on Sunday, Jan. 3, 1993
44. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, Feb. 10, 1980, June 1, 1980
45. Meer, op. cit., p. 371
46. Mandela, letters to Maki Mandela, Dec. 31, 1978, Feb. 1979, June 8, 1978
47. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, Nov. 19, 1978
48. Mandela, letters to Maki Mandela, Dec. 31, 1978, Nov. 26, 1978, June 8, 1978
49. The Times, Nov. 3, 1998
50. Mandela, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film)
51. Ibid.
52. Mandela, letter to W. Mandela, undated
53. Mkawanazi, Weekly Mail, August 23, 1987
22 Prison Within a Prison: 1978–1982
<
br /> 1. Mandela, letter to Sheila Weinberg, 1978
2. Mandela, letter to Rhadi Singh, 1979
3. Mandela, letter to A. Tambo, Dec. 7, 1980
4. Mandela, letter to O. Tambo, 1978
5. Sisulu, “National Liberation” (unpublished essay), 1977
6. Mandela and Raymond Mhlaba, letter to “Reggie” (O. Tambo), 1978
7. Long Walk, p. 484; Venkatrathnam, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film)
8. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., p. 256
9. Mandela, letter to A. Tambo, Dec. 1, 1980
10. Mandela, letter to Dr. Michael Kelly, 1980
11. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., p. 675
12. Lodge, op. cit., p. 351
13. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., pp. 256, 264–5
14. Lodge, op. cit., p. 352
15. Mandela, letter to Chief Buthelezi, 1978; Mandela and Raymond Mhlaba, letter to “Reggie” (O. Tambo), 1978
16. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., pp. 257, 273–4, 79–80
17. [Johannesburg] Sunday Post, April 30, 1980
18. Mandela, letter to Bishop Tutu, 1980
19. Mandela, letter to Dr. Gkubule, 1980
20. Mandela, letter to Sam Buti, 1980
21. Mandela, letter to Morenaka, 1980
22. Mandela, letter to Dr. Masire, July 1980
23. Mandela, letter to Mrs. Bhalla, Aug. 3, 1980
24. Tambo, op. cit., p. 197; Dingake, op. cit., p. 170
25. Mandela, letter to A. Tambo, 1980
26. S.A. Consul General, Glasgow, report, “Nelson Mandela: Freedom of the City of Glasgow,” to Director-General Foreign Affairs and Information, Pretoria, Feb. 8, 1981 (Justice Archive)
27. Mandela, letter to Dr. Michael Kelly, 1980
28. UN and Apartheid, op. cit., pp. 39, 347; Security Council Resolution: The Question of South Africa (S/RES/417 [1977]), Oct. 31, 1977
29. Black and Gold, p. 125
30. David Owen, Face the Future, p. 144; David Scott, Ambassador in Black and White: Thirty Years of Changing Africa, p. 195
31. O’Meara, op. cit., pp. 229–49
32. Mandela, “National Liberation,” op. cit.
33. Sisulu, “National Liberation,” op. cit.
34. “The Black Labor Problem: South Africa’s Achilles Heel” (declassified CIA document), Africa Review, Sept. 2, 1980
35. Mandela, letter to Dr. Michael Kelly, 1980
36. Sechaba, Fourth Quarter, 1977
37. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., pp. 302, 304–5, 724
38. [Johannesburg] Sunday Post, March 9, 1980; Long Walk, p. 602–3
39. Benson, Nelson Mandela, p. 182
40. [Johannesburg] Sunday Express, April 20, 1980
41. Benson, Nelson Mandela, p. 184
42. Report on Mandela, stamped by Secretary of the State Security Council, May 18, 1982; see also file on the “Free Mandela” campaign (Prison Records, Vol. 22)
43. Benson, Nelson Mandela, p. 183
44. Guardian, June 11, 1980; Morning Star, June 11, 1980
45. Karis and Gerhart, Vol. 5, op. cit., p. 305
46. Mandela, letters to O. Tambo, 1980, 1981
47. Lodge, op. cit., pp. 339–40
48. Sir Charles Powell, conversation with author, Oct. 3, 1996
49. Chester Crocker, High Noon in Southern Africa: Making Peace in a Rough Neighborhood, pp. 328, 66; Jacob Heilbrunn, “Apologists Without Remorse: American Conservatives on South Africa,” American Prospect, Jan.–Feb. 1998
50. P. W. Botha, interview with author, March 2, 1998
51. David Lamb, The Africans, p. 109
52. Kathrada, interview with author, Jan. 31, 1996
53. Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997
54. Mandela, letter to Zindzi Mandela, July 10, 1978
55. Jail Memoir
56. Molobi, interview with author, June 27, 1997; Kathrada, comments on text
57. Davidson, interview with author, Oct. 15, 1996
58. Sisulu, “National Liberation,” op. cit.
23 Insurrection: 1982–1985
1. W. Mandela, op. cit., p. 142
2. Kathrada, letter to Genghis (Eddie Daniels’ dog), July 22, 1989
3. Long Walk, p. 613
4. W. Mandela, op. cit., pp. 141–2
5. Buntman, op. cit., p. 319
6. Kathrada, letter to Essop Jassat, June 2, 1985
7. Kathrada, letter to Sonia Bunting, undated
8. Helen Suzman, letter to Kobie Coetsee, July 4, 1982 (Prison Records)
9. Ismail Ayob, letter to Minister of Prisons, August 16, 1983; Mandela, letter to Head of Prison, Feb. 2, 1988 (Prison Records)
10. Mandela, letter to Fatima Meer, June 1983
11. Mandela, letter to Lwezi Vintela, Feb. 6, 1984
12. Mandela, letter to Brigadier Munro, Feb. 25, 1983
13. Long Walk, pp. 614–15
14. Mandela, letter to Lionel Ngakane, June 11, 1984
15. Kathrada, letter to Zohra, Sept. 1985
16. Mandela, letter to Mrs. Perlman, Sept. 5, 1983
17. Mandela, letter to Peter Storey, June 11, 1984
18. Mandela, letter to Stephen Naidoo, March 4, 1985
19. Mandela, letter to Sheikh Gabier, March 4, 1985; Ahmed Kathrada, comments on text
20. Mandela, letter to Sister Bernard Ncube, undated
21. Mandela, letter to Kepu Mkentane, Feb. 25, 1987
22. Amina Cachalia, letter to Mandela, undated; Mandela, letters to Amina Cachalia, May 29, 1983, March 1, 1988
23. Mandela, letter to Kepu Mkentane, April 24, 1984
24. Mandela, letter to Barney Ngakane, June 11, 1984
25. Mandela, letter to Joy, Feb. 17, 1986
26. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, March 31, 1983, May 13, 1985
27. Mandela, letter to Adelaide Joseph, Feb. 25, 1985
28. Mandela, letter to Arthur Glickman, Jan. 31, 1985
29. Mandela, letter to Effie Schultz, April 1, 1985
30. Mandela, letter to Lionel Ngakane, June 11, 1984
31. Mandela, letter to a friend, May 17, 1983
32. Mandela, letter to Connie Njongwe, May 14, 1984
33. Mandela, letter to Mary Benson, May 13, 1985
34. Mandela, letter to Adie Joseph, Feb. 25, 1985
35. Mandela, letter to Helen Joseph, April 1, 1987
36. G. Mbeki, Sunset at Midday, p. 50; Buntman, op. cit., p. 247
37. Jeremy Seekings, “What Was the United Democratic Front?” (unpublished seminar paper), 1994; see also Jeremy Seekings, “The Fragile Front: The United Democratic Front and the Referendum Issue, 1983–84” (unpublished seminar paper), 1993
38. Lodge and Nasson, op. cit., p. 51
39. Sisulu, interview with Houser and Shore, op. cit.
40. Mbeki, Sunset at Midday, p. 54
41. Black and Gold, pp. 151–2
42. Sechaba, May 1984; Heribert Adam and Kogila Moodley, South Africa Without Apartheid: Dismantling Racial Domination, p. 250
43. Long Walk, p. 618
44. Seekings, “What Was the United Democratic Front?,” op. cit.
45. Mandela, letters to Benjamin Pogrund, Jan. 30, 1984, Oct. 22, 1985; Pogrund, interview with author, Oct. 22, 1996
46. H. W. van der Merwe, Report on Visit to Nelson Mandela, Oct. 11, 1984 (University of Cape Town Archive)
47. Nicholas Bethell, Mail on Sunday, Jan. 27, 1985; Nicholas Bethell, Spies and Other Secrets, pp. 211–15, 218, 220
48. Samuel Dash, New York Times, July 17, 1985
49. Mandela, letter to Samuel Dash, May 12, 1986
50. General Willemse, minute to Minister of Prisons, April–May 1985 (Prison Records)
51. Black and Gold, p. 160
52. Message of the NEC of the ANC, Jan. 8, 1985
53. Sisulu, interview with author, Jan. 25, 1996
54. Harry Oppenheimer, conversation with author, Aug. 8, 1997
55. Sparks, op. cit., pp. 49
–50
56. Mandela, “I Am Not Prepared to Sell the Birthright of the People to Be Free,” Feb. 10, 1985, in Johns and Hunt Davis, op. cit., pp. 214–5
57. Lekota, op. cit., p. 194
58. Oliver Tambo, letter to Mandela, undated
59. Allister Sparks, The Death of Apartheid (film, 1994, directed by Mick Gold)
60. Black and Gold, p. 161
61. Mail & Guardian, Feb. 2, 1996
62. Mandela, letter to Kaiser Matanzima, Dec. 29, 1984
63. Mandela, letter to Fatima Meer, Feb. 25, 1985
64. Mandela, letter to Kaiser Matanzima, May 19, 1986
65. Kaiser Matanzima, letter to Mandela, Sept. 19, 1986
66. Leach, South Africa: No Easy Path to Peace, p. 174
67. Black and Gold, p. 178
68. George Soros, conversation with author, June 30, 1998
69. Black and Gold, p. 32
70. Mandela, interview with author, Feb. 21, 1990
71. Sisulu, interview with author, Feb. 9, 1990
72. The Sampson Letter, Feb. 4, 1986
73. Crocker, op. cit., p. 275
74. New York Times, Aug. 16, 1995
75. Roelof F. (Pik) Botha, “His South Africa Connection,” in Hans d’Orville (ed.), Leadership for Africa: In Honor of Olusegun Obasanjo on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, p. 57; Black and Gold, p. 32
76. F. W. de Klerk, letter to author, Dec. 9, 1996; P. W. Botha, interview with author, March 2, 1998
77. Public Opinion, August 1985
78. Star, Aug. 22, 1985
79. Washington Times, Aug. 22, 1985
80. Black and Gold, pp. 33, 193–5, 198–200
81. Ibid., p. 40
82. Powell, conversation with author, Oct. 3, 1996
83. See also Geoffrey Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 479
84. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 515; Powell, conversation with author, Jan. 7, 1997; P. W. Botha, interview with author, March 2, 1998
85. Sparks, op. cit., p. 33; Howe, op. cit., p. 483
86. Kathrada, letter to Zohra, Sept. 28, 1985
87. Kathrada, letter to Shehneez Meer, Feb. 23, 1986
88. Gregory, op. cit., pp. 250, 156; Motlana, interview with author, June 27, 1996
89. Sparks, op. cit., pp. 21, 24–25, 32
90. Mandela, letter to Ayesha, March 19, 1996
91. Mandela, letter to Connie Njongwe, May 12, 1986
92. Adam and Moodley, op. cit., p. 282
93. Weekly Mail, Dec. 6, 1985, Feb. 7–14, 1986
94. Kathrada, letter to Shehneez Meer, Feb. 23, 1986
95. Mandela, letters to W. Mandela, Feb. 2, 1986, April 4, 1986