60. Lakhdar Brahimi, conversation with author, April 28, 1994
61. Guardian, April 29, 1994
62. André Brink (ed.), April 27: One Year Later
63. Mandela, comments on text
64. Long Walk, p. 747
65. Ibid.
66. Time, April 13, 1998
67. Long Walk, p. 750
68. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 340
69. Sunday Telegraph, May 1, 1994
34 Governing
1. Nelson Mandela Speaks, p. 252
2. Star & S.A. Times, April 1, 1998
3. [Johannesburg] Sunday Times, Feb. 25, 1996
4. Mandela, comments on text
5. Mandela, interview with John Carlin, Independent, June 8, 1994
6. Hansard, South Africa, Feb. 12, 1997
7. de Klerk, op. cit., pp. 338–9, 346
8. BBC News, Oct. 31, 1997
9. John Doubleday, telephone conversation with author, Jan. 10, 1996
10. Independent, March 8, 1995
11. Author’s interview with a cabinet member
12. Molobi, interview with author, June 26, 1998
13. Independent, March 8, 1995
14. Ibid., May 7, 1995
15. Winnie Mandela, interview with author, Oct. 22, 1996
16. C. Menell, op. cit.
17. Ibid.
18. See Drum, Johannesburg, Feb. 1996
19. Matanzima, interview with author, Feb. 24, 1997
20. Holomisa, interview with author, Jan. 19, 1997
21. Author’s conversations in Umtata, Feb. 4, 1996
22. Financial Times, Aug. 18, 1994
23. At the annual Commonwealth party in London in March 1987 the Queen warmly greeted Archbishop Tutu, who was then at odds with Mrs. Thatcher’s government.
24. Private information
25. Kathrada, Star, July 17, 1998
26. Mail & Guardian, Nov. 7, 1997
35 The Glorified Perch
1. David Beresford, Observer, May 5, 1996
2. Sisulu, interview with author, Nov. 1995
3. Mandela, speech in Pietermaritzburg, March 13, 1993; Nelson Mandela Speaks, p. 229
4. Mandela, opening speech to 49th ANC Conference, Bloemfontein, Dec. 17, 1994
5. Mandela, closing speech, ibid., Dec. 22, 1994
6. Mandela, speech at birthday party, Pretoria, July 20, 1996
7. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 342
8. Mandela, interview in Time, May 16, 1994
9. Asmal, interview with author, Jan. 26, 1996
10. Mandela, speech at memorial tribute to Joe Slovo, May 4, 1996
11. Mandela, interview with Keller, New York Times, Sept. 12, 1994
12. Pallo Jordan, interview with author, Feb. 12, 1998
13. Asmal, interview in [Johannesburg] Sunday Times, July 19, 1998
14. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 344
15. Author’s interview with Cabinet member
16. Asmal, conversation with author, March 19, 1997
17. Maharaj, interview with author, Feb. 12, 1998
18. Bizos, interview with author, Dec. 19, 1997
19. Author’s interview with Cabinet member
20. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 244
21. New York Times, Sept. 12, 1994
22. Author’s interview with Cabinet member; de Klerk, op. cit., p. 350
23. de Klerk, conversation with author, June 19, 1995
24. [Johannesburg] Sunday Times, Nov. 26, 1995
25. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 352
26. Buthelezi, interview with author, Feb. 10, 1998
27. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 353
28. Tutu, speech to Commonwealth Press Union, Cape Town, Oct. 15, 1996
29. New York Times, Sept. 12, 1994
30. Frene Ginwala, interview with author, Oct. 11, 1996
31. New York Times, Sept. 12, 1994
32. Mandela, lecture to Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, May 12, 1987
33. de Klerk and Ramaphosa, speeches to Parliament, Oct. 10, 1996
34. Mandela, interview with author, Feb. 11, 1998
35. Author’s interview with Cabinet member
36. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 345
37. Mandela, interview in Time, June 14, 1993
38. Frank Chikane, speech to Commonwealth editors, Cape Town, Oct. 10, 1996
39. Independent, June 1994
40. [Johannesburg] Star, August 1, 1997, quoting Transparency International
41. Tutu, conversation with author, Feb. 17, 1998
42. Independent, March 18, 1999
43. Cape Argus, Feb. 7, 1997
44. Financial Times, May 9, 1996
45. Raymond Louw, Southern African Report, Johannesburg, Jan. 12, 1996
46. Mandela, speech to Parliament, Feb. 7, 1997
47. See Mandela, speech to ANC Conference, Dec. 16, 1997
36 Forgiving
1. Denis Goldberg, conversation with author, Jan. 2, 1999
2. Anthony Lewis, New York Times magazine, March 2, 1997
3. Mandela, interview with author, Feb. 24, 1997
4. Alexander, interview with author, Oct. 14, 1996
5. Rich Mkhondo, Reporting South Africa, p. 65
6. Nelson Mandela Speaks, p. 229
7. Independent, Aug. 18, 1994
8. P. W. Botha, interview with author, March 2, 1998
9. Willemse, interview with author, Oct. 21, 1996
10. C. Menell, op. cit.
11. Amina Cachalia, in Madiba, op. cit., p. 76
12. Ibid., p. 80
13. Guardian, Nov. 24, 1995
14. Gregory, interview with author, July 26, 1998; Kathrada, interview, Oct. 16, 1996
15. Mandela, interview with author, April 28, 1994
16. Star, July 17, 1998
17. Mandela, speech to Parliament, Feb. 9, 1996
18. Naidoo and Sachs, op. cit., p. 21
19. Mandela, interview with Anthony Lewis, New York Times, March 2, 1997
20. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 346
21. Mail & Guardian, Aug. 14, 1998
22. Independent International, Dec. 22, 1998
23. Mandela, press conference, Cape Town, Feb. 12, 1990
24. Author’s talks with ANC officials, Nov. 18, 1991
25. [Johannesburg] Star, Feb. 15, 1994; T. Mbeki, conversation with editors, Feb. 17, 1998
26. Mandela to National Editors, Nov. 1, 1996; Rhodes Journalism Review, Grahamstown, Dec. 1996
27. Star, Dec. 20, 1997
28. Motlana, conversation with author, Feb. 2, 1996
29. Business Day, Dec. 19, 1997
30. Mandela, speech to ANC Conference, Dec. 16, 1997
31. Star & S.A. Times, Nov. 6, 1996
32. Independent, Oct. 1, 1996
33. Rhodes Journalism Review, Nov. 1997
34. Report by Peter Sullivan, June 11, 1997
35. Rhodes Journalism Review, Nov. 1997
36. Mandela, speech to ANC Conference, Dec. 16, 1997
37. Hustler magazine [South Africa], Vol. 4, No. 1
38. Cape Argus, Feb. 6, 1998; Jakes Gerwel, conversation with author, Feb. 13, 1998
39. Mandela, speech to ANC Conference, Dec. 16, 1997
40. Rhodes Journalism Review, Dec. 1996
41. Sunday Independent, Dec. 6, 1998
42. Kader Asmal et al., Reconciliation Through Truth, p. 18
43. Esther Waugh, conversation with author, July 28, 1998
44. Gillian Slovo, in Guardian, Oct. 11, 1998
45. de Klerk, op. cit., pp. 369–72
46. TRC Report, Vol. 1, p. 126
47. Independent, Nov. 5, 1996
48. Guardian, May 13, 1997
49. Ibid., March 31, 1998
50. Ibid., Oct. 15, 1997
51. Ibid., Oct. 16, 1997
52. The Times, Aug. 22, 1996
53. Star & S.A. Times, May 21, 1997
54. Private information
55. Mail & Guardian, April 17, 1998
>
56. TRC Report, Vol. 5, p. 225
57. Ibid., pp. 225–6
58. Sunday Independent, Nov. 8, 1998
59. Mail & Guardian, Oct. 30, 1998
60. Financial Times, Oct. 31, 1998
61. International Herald Tribune, Nov. 2, 1998
62. The Times, Nov. 2, 1998
63. Financial Times, Dec. 4, 1998
64. Mandela, interview with John Carlin, Sunday Independent, Dec. 6, 1998
65. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
66. Sunday Independent, Dec. 6, 1998
67. Graça Machel, interview with author, Feb. 22, 1998
37 Withdrawing
1. Mandela, comments on text
2. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 355; Mandela, comments on text
3. de Klerk, letter to author, Dec. 1997
4. Leon Wessels, interview with author, Feb. 27, 1998
5. Roelof Meyer, conversation with author, Feb. 17, 1998
6. de Klerk, letter to author, Dec. 1996
7. de Klerk, op. cit., p. 365
8. Independent, May 10, 1996; Mandela, speech in Pretoria, July 20, 1996
9. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
10. Thabo Mbeki, conversation with author, Oct. 18, 1996
11. Sisulu, interview with Houser and Shore, op. cit.
12. Buthelezi, interview with author, Feb. 10, 1998
13. Mandela, lecture to Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, May 12, 1997
14. Mandela, speech at birthday party, Pretoria, July 20, 1996
15. [Johannesburg] Sunday Times, Feb. 25, 1996
16. Mandela, interview with author, July 25, 1996
17. Mail & Guardian, Oct. 11, 1996
18. Ramaphosa, conversation with author, May 21, 1996
19. Mandela, comments on text
20. Winnie Mandela, interview with author, Oct. 22, 1996
21. Star, Nov. 17, 1997
22. Ibid., Nov. 20, 1997
23. Bridgland, op. cit., p. 69
24. Lady (Emma) Nicholson, conversation with author, Sept. 30, 1997
25. Star, Nov. 17, 1997
26. Winnie Mandela, testimony to TRC, April 12, 1997, pp. 2197, 2390, 2217, 2249, 2408–12
27. Citizen, Dec. 18, 1997
28. Business Day, Dec. 18, 1997
29. Citizen, Dec. 18, 1997
30. Daily Telegraph, Dec. 18, 1997; Independent, Dec. 18, 1997; Observer, Dec. 21, 1997
31. Thabo Mbeki, speech to ANC Conference, Dec. 16, 1997
32. Sowetan, Dec. 18, 1997
33. Mandela, speech to ANC Conference, Mafikeng, Dec. 20, 1997
34. Mandela, breakfast talk at Rockefeller Center, New York, Sept. 1998
35. Thabo Mbeki, Africa: The Time Has Come, p. 76
38 Graça
1. Fatima Meer, interview with author, July 27, 1996
2. Star, Aug. 20, 1995
3. Ibid.
4. Star & S.A. Times, April 3, 1996
5. Kathrada, in Star, July 17, 1998
6. Guardian, July 8, 1997
7. Observer, Sept. 17, 1995
8. Graça Machel, interview with author, Feb. 22, 1998
9. Winnie Mandela, interview with author, Oct. 22, 1996
10. Independent, Jan. 14, 1998
11. Eastern Province Herald, March 3, 1996
12. Mark Gevisser, in Vogue, August 1997
13. Mandela, TV interview with Allister Sparks, SABC, Feb. 8, 1998
14. Andrew Young, talk at Johannesburg City Hall, Feb. 19, 1998
15. Graça Machel, interview with author, Feb. 22, 1998
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. [Johannesburg] Sunday Times, July 19, 1998
19. Kathrada, in Star, July 17, 1998; Kathrada, comments on text
20. Graça Machel, interview with author, Feb. 22, 1998
39 Mandela’s World
1. Wole Soyinka, Times Higher Education Supplement, Dec. 2, 1994
2. Mail & Guardian, Oct. 16, 1998
3. Mandela, interview with author, Aug. 8, 1997
4. Foreign Affairs, Nov. 1993
5. Mandela, interview with John Carlin, Sunday Independent, Dec. 6, 1998
6. Star & S.A. Times, May 21, 1997
7. Cape Times, Feb. 24, 1997
8. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
9. Independent, Nov. 21, 1995
10. Mandela, interview with author, Nov. 27, 1995
11. Observer, Nov. 26, 1995
12. Duodo, Mail & Guardian, Nov. 13, 1998
13. Sunday Independent, Sept. 20, 1997
14. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
15. T. Mbeki, Africa: The Time Has Come, p. 292
16. Star & S.A. Times, Sept. 16, 1998
17. Sunday Independent, Sept. 6, 1998; Star & S.A. Times, Sept. 16, 1998
18. Mail & Guardian, Sept. 8, 1995
19. Mandela, lecture to Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, May 12, 1887
20. Mandela, speech to Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, July 11, 1997
21. Sunday Independent, August 3, 1997
22. Jonathan Hyslop, “The African Renaissance Meets the Asian Renaissance? The Malaysian Impact on Contemporary South Africa”
23. Barbara Masakela, interview with author, Oct. 26, 1996
24. Sunday Independent, Nov. 24, 1996
25. International Herald Tribune, Jan. 16, 1997
26. Mandela, speech on Robben Island, Feb. 11, 1996
27. Star, Sept. 5, 6, 1996
28. Cape Times, Jan. 23, 1992
29. Daily Telegraph, Oct. 23, 1997; The Times, Oct. 23, 1997; International Herald Tribune, Oct. 24, 1997
30. Guardian, Oct. 30, 1997
31. Guardian, Oct. 28, 1997
32. New Republic, Nov. 17, 1997
33. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
34. Daily Telegraph, March 20, 1999; private information
35. Bill Clinton, transcript of speech at White House, Sept. 22, 1998
36. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
37. International Herald Tribune, March 27, 1997
38. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
39. International Herald Tribune, March 30, 1998; private information
40. Mandela and Clinton, speeches at White House, Sept. 22, 1998; Sunday Independent, Sept. 27, 1998
41. The Times, July 10, 1996
42. Financial Times, Nov. 9, 1998; Glenys Kinnock, Nov. 24, 1998; Financial Times, March 26, 1999
43. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
44. Clinton, transcript of speech at White House, Sept. 22, 1998
40 Mandela’s Country
1. Mandela, speech to Parliament, Feb. 5, 1999
2. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
3. Adam et al., Comrades in Business, pp. 165–6
4. Ibid., p. 201; see also Stanley Uys, in Times Literary Supplement, Nov. 14, 1997
5. Tom Lodge, in Indicator, Johannesburg, Autumn 1995
6. Guardian, Jan. 30, 1998
7. Mandela, interview with author, Feb. 24, 1997
8. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
9. Ibid.
10. Mandela, speech to Parliament, Feb. 5, 1999
11. Mail & Guardian, April 30, 1998
12. Financial Times, June 27, 1998
13. See International Herald Tribune, July 15, 1998
14. Mandela, speech to Parliament, Feb. 5, 1999
15. Mail & Guardian, July 3, 1998; Sunday Independent, July 5, 1998
16. Mandela, speech to Johannesburg Press Club, Feb. 22, 1991; Nelson Mandela Speaks, p. 83
17. Interview with Robert Gephard of U.S. State Department, Star, August 7, 1998
18. International Herald Tribune, July 17, 1998
19. Dullah Omar, interview with author, Feb. 12, 1997
20. Star & S.A. Times, Sept. 24, 1997
2
1. Sunday Independent, Sept. 13, 1998
22. Star & S.A. Times, Oct. 21, Nov. 25, 1998
23. Sunday Independent, Dec. 6, 1998
24. Ibid., Sept. 13, 1998
25. Mandela, speech to Parliament, Feb. 5, 1999
26. Economist, June 6, 1996; Sunday Independent, Sept. 20, 1998
27. Star & S.A. Times, Sept. 23, 1998
28. The Times, Sept. 14, 1998
29. Sunday Independent, Sept. 20, 1998
30. Sunday Times, Nov. 22, 1998; David Paton’s letter appeared in the Johannesburg Sunday Independent, March 21, 1999, but was not accepted by the Sunday Times
31. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
32. Mandela, interview with author, Feb. 11, 1998
33. Mail & Guardian, April 30, 1998
34. Sunday Independent, March 29, April 9, 1998; Mail & Guardian, April 12, 1998
35. Mail & Guardian, March 27, 1998
36. Ibid., April 9, 1998
37. Guardian, April 7, 1997
38. South African Institute of Race Relations, South African Survey 1997–1998
39. Guardian, March 15, 1999
40. Mandela, speech to Parliament, March 26, 1999
41 Image and Reality
1. Long Walk, p. 385
2. Brian Walden, BBC TV, Feb. 3, 1998; for S.A. reactions see Cape Argus, Feb. 5, 1998
3. Mandela, interview with author, Jan. 21, 1999
4. Slovo, interview for Menell and Gibson, Mandela (film)
Select Bibliography
BY NELSON MANDELA
Long Walk to Freedom (revised edition), Abacus, London, 1995
No Easy Walk to Freedom (ed. Ruth First), Heinemann, London, 1965
The Struggle Is My Life, International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, London, 1978
Nelson Mandela Speaks: Forging a Democratic, Nonracial South Africa, David Philip, Johannesburg, 1994
“We Defy,” Drum, August 1952
Articles in Liberation and Fighting Talk, Johannesburg, 1953–59
Africa Diary (unpublished, Brenthurst Library), 1962
Trial speech, first draft, 1962 (Cullen Library, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg)
Brief Notes in the Event of a Death Sentence, 1964 (Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London)
Jail Memoir (unpublished), 1975–76
“National Liberation” (unpublished essay), 1977
“Black Consciousness Movement” (unpublished essay), 1978
Conversations with Richard Stengel for Long Walk to Freedom, 1994
Mandela Page 84
