national standards, development of
National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO)
National Youth Administration
New Deal
New England Kitchen (NEK)
New York City public schools; and fast-food model
New York state
Nixon, Richard
nondiscrimination, in school lunch program
nutrition education; for school children
nutrition equivalents
nutrition guidelines, federal
“nutrition in the national defense” campaign
nutritionists
nutrition reformers. See food reform
nutrition research
nutrition science; development of; and food reform. See also food reform
nutrition standards, international
nutrition substitution theory
obesity
Ockey, William C.
Offer, Avner
Office of Civilian Defense
Ogden Corporation
Operation Breadbasket
Orshansky, Mollie
overeating
Paarlberg, Don
Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs)
Parran, Thomas
Peabody Women’s College
“penny milk” program
Perkins, Carl
Perkins, Milo
Perryman, John
Phillips, Velma
physicians, and documentation of malnutrition
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
pizza, as menu item
Pizza Hut
Poage, William Robert
Poor People’s Campaign
Poppendieck, Janet
pouring rights contracts
poverty: culture of; discovery of; as focus of school lunch program; measurement of; rural. See also antipoverty movement
poverty line
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.
Powell amendment
prison food service
privatization, of school lunch programs
Progressive Era, and food reform
“protective foods,”
public/private partnership, for school lunch
program
Pucinski, Roman
racial inequality, in school lunch programs
racial issues, in school lunch politics. See also civil rights movement
racial segregation
Rankin, John Elliot
RDAs
Reagan, President Ronald
Reagan administration budget cuts
recipes, standardized
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Red Cross
Remsberg, Charles
Republican party
Reuter, Richard W.
Rhode Island, and privatization
Richards, Ellen
Richmond, Julius
right to candy
right to lunch
Rizley, Ross
Roberts, Lydia
Robins, Florence
Roosevelt, President Franklin D.
Rose, Mary Swartz
Rossiter, Margaret
Rumford Kitchen
Russell, Richard
Sabath, Adolph J.
Sanchez, George
Scheuer, James
Schnittker, John A.
School Breakfast Program
school cooks
school food service. See also American School Food Service Association (ASFSA); food-service industry
school lunch: institutionalization of; as public policy
school lunch bureaucracy. See also USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
school lunch contracts, federal
school lunches: and obesity problem; reduced portions. See also fastfood industry; junk food school lunch menus
school lunch programs: early efforts; local initiatives; and surplus marketing strategy; as welfare program. See also National School Lunch Program (1946) school lunchroom
school lunch workers. See also food-service industry school milk program
school nutrition campaigns
Sebrell, William H.
Service Systems Corporation
Shanholtzer, Phil
Shapiro, Laura
Sheingate, Adam D.
Sheppard-Towner Act
Sheraton, Mimi
Skocpol, Theda
Smith, Ellison “Cotton Ed,”
Smith-Hughes Act
Smith-Lever Act (1914)
socialism
Social Security
Social Security Act (1935)
social stigma, in free lunch programs
social work
Sodexho
soft drinks and snacks, in schools
Soil Conservation Service
South Carolina
southern Democrats
Special Milk Program (1954)
Stanford University
states, and school lunch programs; administration; funding; National School Lunch Program; privatization; school lunch contracts
states’ rights
Stiebeling, Hazel
Stockman, David
surplus commodities. See also USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
Surplus Marketing Administration (SMA)
surplus marketing strategy, New Deal
Sysco Corporation
Taber, John
Taco Bell
Taft, Robert A.
Texas
Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford of Bavaria)
Thompson, Dorothy
Tolley, Howard Ross
Truman, President Harry
United Auto Workers
universal child health
universal child nutrition
university home economics departments
University of Chicago
urbanization
USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture); Agricultural Extension Division; Agricultural Research Service; Bureau of Agricultural Research; Bureau of Home Economics; CARE packages for school lunch; and Coordinating Committee on School Lunches; and eligibility standards; Farm Security Administration; focus on food programs; Food and Nutrition Service; and free lunch mandate; “National Food Guide,”; and National School Lunch Program; Office of Markets (Bureau of Markets, Office of Farm Management, Bureau of Crop Estimates); oversight role; and public/private partnership; school lunch bureaucracy; and school lunch contracts; and school lunch programs abroad; standards for free lunch programs; and surplus commodities; and surplus marketing strategy; and welfare policy
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee
U.S. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs
U.S. War Department
U.S. War Food Administration (WFA)
vending machines, in schools
Vernon, James
Virginia
vitamins, discovery of
Voorhis, Jerry
Wagner, Robert
Walt Disney Company
War Food Administration (WFA)
Warner, Lloyd
War on Poverty
Washam, John
Washington, D. C., school district
Washington state
Waters, Alice
weight loss
welfare policy
welfare programs; development of
welfare rights movement welfare system
Whalen, Frank P.
White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health (1969)
White House National Nutrition Conference for Defense (1941)
WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) Program
Widtsoe, Rose
Wilkard, Claude R.
Williams, Faith
Williamson, Harold F.
Wilson, Milburn Lincoln
Winn, Agnes
Women in Community Service
women reformers
Women’s Bureau
women’s campaign, for fre
e lunch program women scientists
Women’s Joint Congressional Committee
women’s organizations, as providers of school lunches
Worboys, Michael
work, as “payment” for free lunch
working class, and food reform
working mothers
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
World War I
World War II
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA). See also Committee on School Lunch Participation
POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICA
Civil Defense Begins at Home: Militarization Meets Everyday Life in the Fifties by Laura McEnaney
Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy by Mary L. Dudziak
Divided We Stand: American Workers and the Struggle for Black Equality by Bruce Nelson
Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy, and the Poor in Twentieth-Century U.S. History by Alice O’Connor
Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right by Lisa McGirr
The Politics ofWhiteness: Race, Workers, and Culture in the Modern South by Michelle Brattain
State ofthe Union: A Century ofAmerican Labor by Nelson Lichtenstein
Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution by Alan Dawley
Dead on Arrival: The Politics ofHealth Care in Twentieth-Century America by Colin Gordon
For All These Rights: Business, Labor, and the Shaping of America’s Public-Private Welfare State by Jennifer Klein
The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon by Robert D. Johnston
American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland by Robert O. Self
The Other Women’s Movement: Workplace Justice and Social Rights in Modern America by Dorothy Sue Cobble
Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America by Mae M. Ngai
More Equal than Others: America from Nixon to the New Century by Godfrey Hodgson
Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley by Margaret Pugh O’Mara
Labor Rights Are Civil Rights: Mexican American Workers in Twentieth-Century America by Zaragosa Vargas
Pocketbook Politics: Economic Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America by Meg Jacobs
Taken Hostage: The Iran Hostage Crisis and America’s First Encounter with Radical Islam by David Farber
Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s by Gil Troy
Defending America: Military Culture and the Cold War Court-Martial by Elizabeth Lutes Hillman
Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman’s Crusade by Donald T. Critchlow
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism by Kevin M. Kruse
The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South by Matthew D. Lassiter
Troubling the Waters: Black-Jewish Relations in the American Century by Cheryl Lynn Greenberg
In Search of Another Country: Mississippi and the Conservative Counterrevolution by Joseph H. Crespino
The Shifting Grounds of Race: Black and Japanese Americans in the Making of Multiethnic Los Angeles by Scott Kurashige
School Lunch Politics: The Surprising History of America’s Favorite Welfare Program by Susan Levine
Trucking Country: The Road to America’s Wal-Mart Economy by Shane Hamilton
The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America by Margot Canaday
Little Rock: Race and Resistance at Central High School by Karen Anderson
School Lunch Politics Page 37
