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Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth?

Page 54

by Alan Weisman


  Brown, J. M. “ ‘Fresh-Squeezed Water’: Desalination Debate Raises Financial, Environmental and Philosophical Concerns.” Santa Cruz Sentinel, September 27, 2012.

  Chaudhury, K., A. K. Bhattacharyya, and S. K. Guha. “Studies on the Membrane Integrity of Human Sperm Treated with a New Injectable Male Contraceptive.” Human Reproduction, vol. 19, no. 8 (Spring 2004): 1826–30.

  Clinkenbeard, Jon. “The Best Birth Control in the World Is for Men.” Techcitment.com, March 26, 2012. http://techcitement.com/culture.

  Cohen, Joel E. “Meat.” First Annual Malthus Lecture for Population Reference Bureau and the International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, March 2010.

  Dewan, Shaila. “Georgia Claims a Sliver of the Tennessee River.” New York Times, February 22, 2008.

  Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., et al. “Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.” Endocrine Reviews (2009) 30(4):293–342.

  “Difference Engine: Waste Not, Want Not.” Economist, January 20, 2012.

  Doherty, Leo F., Jason G. Bromer, Yuping Zhou, Tamir S. Aldad, Hugh S. Taylor. “In Utero Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol (DES) or Bisphenol-A (BPA) Increases EZH2 Expression in the Mammary Gland: An Epigenetic Mechanism Linking Endocrine Disruptors to Breast Cancer.” Hormones and Cancer, June 2010, 1(3):146-55

  Draper Jr., William H. “Oral History Interview with General William H. Draper Jr.,” by Jerry N. Hess. Harry S. Truman Library, January 11, 1972. http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/draperw.htm.

  Eaton, Sam. “Antarctica Warming Raises Sea Level Rise Risk.” World, January 28, 2013.

  _______.“Sea Levels May Rise Faster than Expected.” World, December 6, 2011.

  Edwards, Haley Sweetland. “From Abortion to Contraception.” Latitude (blog), New York Times, July 20, 2012. http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/from-abortion-to-contraception-in-georgia.

  Erb, Karl-Heinz, Andreas Mayer, Thomas Kastner, Kristine-Elena Sallet, and Helmut Haberl. “The Impact of Industrial Grain Fed Livestock Production on Food Security: An Extended Literature Review.” Institute of Social Ecology, February 2012. http://www.uni-klu.ac.at/socec.

  Field, Christopher. Testimony to the House Energy and Commerce Committee Climate Science Hearing, Carnegie Institution for Science, March 8, 2011.

  “Finally, the Promise of Male Birth Control in a Pill: Compound Makes Mice Reversibly Infertile.” ScienceDaily, August 16, 2012. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120816121950.htm.

  Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. “2009 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals.” Accessed at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/UCM231851.pdf.

  Foster, J. C. “The Deer of Kaibab: Federal-State Conflict in Arizona.” Arizona and the West, vol. 12, no. 3 (1970): 255–68.

  Goodland, Robert, and Jeff Anhang. “Livestock and Climate Change.” World Watch Magazine, vol. 22, no. 6 (November/December, 2009): 10–19.

  Gwynne, S. C. “The Last Drop.” Texas Monthly, February 2008.

  Hallmayer, Joachim, Sue Cleveland, Andrea Torres, et al. “Genetic Heritability and Shared Environmental Factors Among Twin Pairs With Autism.” Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 68, no. 11 (2011): 1095–102.

  Hansen, James, Ken Caldeira, and Eelco Rohling. “Paleoclimate Record Points Toward Potential Rapid Climate Changes.” American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting (slide presentation), San Francisco, December 6, 2011. http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/608352ma in_AGU_paleo_final.pdf.

  Harvey, Fiona. “Artificial Meat Could Slice Emissions, Say Scientists.” Guardian (UK), June 20, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jun/20/artificial-meat-emissions.

  Hay, William W. “Could Estimates of the Rate of Future Sea-Level Rise Be Too Low?” Presentation to Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Session No. 14, November 4, 2012.

  Hertel, Thomas W., Marshall B. Burke, and David B. Lobell. “The Poverty Implications of Climate-Induced Crop Yield Changes by 2030.” Global Trade Analysis Project, Working Paper No. 59, 2010.

  Hickman, Leo. “Why I’d Happily Eat Lab-Grown Meat.” Guardian (UK), November 30, 2009.

  Hinck, J. E., V. S. Blazer, C. J. Schmitt, D. M. Papoulias, and D. E. Tillitt. “Widespread Occurrence of Intersex in Black Basses (Micropterus spp.) from U.S. Rivers, 1995–2004.” Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 95, no. 1 (October 2009): 60–70.

  Hinrichson, D., and B. Robey. “Population and Environment: the Global Challenge.” Population Reports, series M, no. 15. Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population, and Information Program, Fall 2009.

  Howden, Daniel. “Toxic Chemicals Blamed for the Disappearance of Arctic Bays.” Independent, September 12, 2007.

  Hungerford, C. R. “Response of Kaibab Mule Deer to Management of Summer Range.” Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 34, no. 4 (October 1970): 852–62.

  Joshi, Manoj, Ed Hawkins, Rowan Sutton, Jason Lowe, and David Frame. “Projections of When Temperature Change Will Exceed 2 [deg]C Above Pre-industrial Levels.” Nature Climate Change 1, no. 8 (November 2011): 407–12.

  Karman, Harvey, and Malcolm Potts. “Very Early Abortion Using Syringe as Vacuum Source.” Lancet, vol. 300, no. 7786 (May 1972): 1051–52.

  Koneswaran, G., Nierenberg, D. “Global farm animal production and global warming: impacting and mitigating climate change.” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008; 116: 578–582.

  La Jacono, S. “Establishment and Modification of National Forest Boundaries: A Chronological Record, 1891–1973.” U.S. Forest Service, Division of Engineering, 1973.

  Lewis, Marlo. “House Energy and Commerce Climate Science Hearing: Is U.S. Corn Doomed?” GlobalWarming.org (blog), March 11, 2011. http://www.globalwarming.org/2011/03/11/house-energy-and-commerce-climate-science-hearing-Is-u-s-corn-doomed.

  Lewis, Tanya. “Sea Level Rise Overflowing Estimates: Feedback Mechanisms Are Speeding Up Ice Melt.” Science News, November 8, 2012.

  Lobell, D. B., W. Schlenker, and J. Costa-Roberts. “Climate Trends and Global Crop Production Since 1980.” Science, vol. 333, no. 6042 (July 2011): 616–20.

  Marcott, Shaun A., Jeremy D. Shakun, Peter U. Clark, and Alan C. Mix. “A Reconstruction of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11,300 Years.” Science, vol. 339, no. 6124 (March 2013): 1198–201.

  Matzuk, Martin M., et al. “Small-Molecule Inhibition of BRDT for Male Contraception.” Cell, vol. 150, no. 4 (August 2012): 673–84.

  McGrath, Matt. “Climate Change ‘May Shrink Fish.’ ” BBC World Service, September 30, 2012.

  McKenna, Maryn. “Update: Farm Animals Get 80 Percent of Antibiotics Sold in U.S.” Wired, Science Blog, December 24, 2010. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/12/news-update-farm-animals-get-80-of-antibiotics-sold-in-us.

  McKibben, Bill. “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.” Rolling Stone, July 19, 2012.

  Meinshausen, Malte, et al. “Greenhouse-Gas Emission Targets for Limiting Global Warming to 2°C.” Nature, vol. 458: 1158–62. April 30, 2009.

  Mellon, Margaret, Charles Benbrook, and Karen Lutz Benbrook. “Hogging It: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock.” Union of Concerned Scientists, January 2001. http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/industrial-agriculture/hogging-it-estimates-of.html.

  Nicholls, R. J., et al. “Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes: Exposure Estimates.” OECD Environment Working Papers, OECD Publishing, no. 1, November 19, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/011766488208.

  Onishi, Norimitsu. “Arid Australia Sips Seawater, but at a Cost.” New York Times, July 10, 2010.

  Parry, Wynne. “2 Degrees of Warming a Recipe for Disaster, NASA Scientist Says.” LiveScience, December 6, 2011. http://www.livescience.com/17340-agu-climate-sensitivity-nasa-hansen.html.

  Peters, Glen P., Robbie M. Andrew, Tom Boden, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe
Ciais, Corinne Le Quéré, Gregg Marland, Michael R. Raupach, and Charlie Wilson. “The Challenge to Keep Global Warming Below 2 °C.” Nature Climate Change, vol. 3 (January 2013). www.nature.com/natureclimatechange.

  Philpott, Tom. “Attack of the Monsanto Superinsects.” Mother Jones, August 30, 2011.

  _______.“The Meat Industry Now Consumes Four-Fifths of All Antibiotics.” Mother Jones, February 8, 2013.

  Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics. “Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided.” A report for the World Bank, November 2012. http://climatechange.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/Turn_Down_the_heat_Why_a_4_degree_centrigrade_warmer_world_must_be_avoided.pdf.

  Potts, Malcolm. “Abortion Perspectives.” The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, vol. 15 (June 2010): 157–59.

  _______.“Global Population Growth—Is It Sustainable?” Presented to the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee, October 22, 2007. Science in Parliament, vol. 65, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 18–19.

  Prins, Gail S. “Endocrine disruptors and prostate cancer risk.” Endocrine-Related Cancer, vol. 15 (2008) 649–56.

  Rettner, Rachael. “Steak Made from Human Excrement: Is It Safe?” MyHealthNewsDaily.com, June 17, 2011. http://www.myhealthnewsdaily.com/1400-poop-meat-safety.html.

  Richards, Gwendolyn. “Him or Herring? Chemicals Causing ‘Gender-Bending’ Fish in Alberta.” Calgary Herald, July 29, 2010.

  Roosevelt, Theodore. “A Cougar Hunt on the Rim of the Grand Canyon.” Outlook, October 4, 1913: 259–65.

  Sansoucy, R. “Livestock: A Driving Force for Food Security and Sustainable Development.” World Animal Review Series (FAO), 1995: 5–17. http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8180T/V8180T00.htm.

  Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim. “Global Warming: Stop Worrying, Start Panicking?” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, vol. 105, no. 38 (September 23, 2008): 14239–40.

  Schlenker, Wolfram, and Michael J. Roberts. “Estimating the Impact of Climate Change on Crop Yields: The Importance of Nonlinear Temperature Effects.” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 13799, February 2008. http://www.nber.org/papers/w13799.

  _______.“Nonlinear Temperature Effects Indicate Severe Damages to U.S. Crop Yields Under Climate Change.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, vol. 106, no. 37 (2009): 15594–98.

  Singh, Susheela, and Jacqueline E. Darroch. “Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services—Estimates for 2012.” Guttmacher Institute. http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/AIU-2012-estimates.pdf.

  Sohn, Emily. “More Hermaphrodite Fish in U.S. Rivers.” Discovery News, September 15, 2009. http://news.discovery.com/animals/whales-dolphins.

  “Soybean Demand Continues to Drive Production.” Worldwatch Institute, http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5442.

  “Soy Facts.” Soyatech, http://www.soyatech.com/soy_facts.htm.

  Squires, Rosie. “Male Pill a Step Closer to Reality.” Advertiser (Australia), August 17, 2012.

  “The State of World Population 2012.” UN Population Fund (UNFPA), November 14, 2012.

  Steinfeld, H., et al. “Livestock’s long shadow: environmental issues and options.” LEAD/FAO publication, Rome, 2006.

  Tash, Joseph S., et al. “Gamendazole, an Orally Active Indazole Carboxylic Acid Male Contraceptive Agent, Targets HSP90AB1 (HSP90BETA) and EEF1A1 (eEF1A), and Stimulates Il1a Transcription in Rat Sertoli Cells.” Biology of Reproduction, vol. 78, no. 6 (June 2008): 1139–52.

  Tavernise, Sabrina. “Farm Use of Antibiotics Defies Scrutiny.” New York Times, September 3, 2012.

  Thornton, Philip K. “Livestock Production: Recent Trends, Future Prospects.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences, vol. 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 2853–67. http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/2853.full.

  “The U.S. Government and International Family Planning and Reproductive Health Fact Sheet.” Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Menlo Park (CA), with Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, April 2012.

  Vidal, John. “One Quarter of US Grain Crops Fed to Cars—Not People, New Figures Show.” Guardian (UK), January 22, 2010.

  Weisman, Alan. “Endgame.” Dispatches, August 2009.

  _______.“Three Planetary Futures.” Vanity Fair, April 21, 2008. http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/04/envirofuture200804?currentPage=1.

  Weiss, Kenneth R. “Tinderbox of Youth: Runaway Population Growth Often Fuels Youth-Driven Uprisings.” Los Angeles Times, July 22, 2012.

  Wilonsky, Robert. “Thanks to Drought, Houston’s Drinking More of Dallas’s Wastewater Than Ever Before.” Unfair Park (blog), Dallas Observer, December 21, 2011. http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2011/12/thanks_to_drought_houstons_dri.php.

  Wise, Amber, Kacie O’Brien, and Tracey Woodruff. “Are Oral Contraceptives a Significant Contributor to the Estrogenicity of Drinking Water?” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45 (2011): 51–60.

  Woo, Elaine. “Creator of Device for Safer Abortions; Harvey Karman, 1924–2008.” Los Angeles Times (obituary), May 18, 2008.

  Young, C. C. “Defining the Range: Carrying Capacity in the History of Wildlife Biology and Ecology.” Journal of the History of Biology, vol. 31, no. 1 (1998): 61–83.

  Chapter Seventeen and Author’s Epilogue: The World With Fewer of Us and Epilogue

  BOOKS

  Cincotta, Richard P., Robert Engelman, and Daniele Anastasion. The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Conflict After the Cold War. Washington, DC: Population Action International, 2003.

  Cohen, Joel E. How Many People Can the Earth Support? New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995.

  Ehrlich, Paul R., and Ilkka Hanski, eds. On the Wings of Checkerspots: A Model System for Population Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  Gilding, Paul. The Great Disruption: Why the Climate Crisis Will Bring on the End of Shopping and the Birth of a New World. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2011.

  Klare, Michael T. The Race for What’s Left: The Global Scramble for the World’s Last Resources. London: Macmillan, 2012.

  Myers, N., and J. Simon. Scarcity or Abundance: A Debate on the Environment. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1994.

  Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

  ARTICLES

  “ ‘233 million women’ lacking contraception in 2015.” Agence France-Presse, March 11, 2013.

  Alkema, Leontine, et al. “National, regional, and global rates and trends in contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning between 1990 and 2015: a systematic and comprehensive analysis.” Lancet, March 12, 2013.

  Ashford-Grooms, Meghan. “ ‘Mexico City Policy’ or No, U.S. Aid Can’t Be Used on Abortion.” Austin American Statesman, July 1, 2011.

  “Bangladesh’s Population Stands at 164.4 Million: UNFPA.” Asia Pulse, October 21, 2010.

  Barnosky, Anthony D., Elizabeth A. Hadly, Jordi Bascompte, et al. “Approaching a State Shift in Earth’s Biosphere.” Nature, vol. 486 (June 7, 2012): 52–58.

  _______, Nicholas Matzke, Susumu Tomiya, et al. “Has the Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived?” Nature, vol. 471 (March 2011): 51–57.

  Bartoli, Gretta, Bärbel Hönisch, and Richard Zeebe. “Atmospheric CO2 decline during the Pliocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations.” Paleoceanography, vol. 26, no. 4 (December 2011).

  “Bay Checkerspot Butterfly: Euphydryas Editha Bayensis.” EPA Endangered Species Facts. Office of Pesticide Programs, February 2010. http://www.epa.gov/espp.

  “Biography: George H. W. Bush.” PBS American Experience documentary series. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/bush-george.

  Bonebrake, Timothy C., et al. “Avian Diversity at Jasper Ridge: Exploring Dynamics Across Habitats and Through the Decades.” https://lbreapps.stanford.edu/searsville/Biology%20studies/StateofPreserve-BirdsDraft1a.pdf.

&nb
sp; Boyce, Daniel G., Marlon R. Lewis, and Boris Worm.”Global Phytoplankton Decline over the Past Century.” Nature, vol. 466, no. 7306 (July 2010): 591–96.

  Bradsher, Keith. “Rain and Snowfall Ease Drought in China.” New York Times, March 7, 2011.

  Brill, Richard. “Earth’s Carrying Capacity Is an Inescapable Fact.” Honolulu Star-Advertiser, November 5, 2010.

  Bump, Philip. “The Arctic Could Be Ice-Free by 2016.” Grist, September 18, 2012.

  Cabal, Luisa. “Regressive Contraception Policies ‘Failing Women’ in EU.” Public Service Europe, March 23, 2012. http://www.publicserviceeurope.com/article/1694.

  Cafaro, Philip. “Climate Ethics and Population Policy.” WIREs Climate Change, vol. 3 (2012): 45–61. doi: 10.1002/wcc.153.

  Campbell, Martha. “Why the Silence on Population?” Population Environment, vol. 28 (2007): 237–46.

  Carpenter, Stephen R. “Phosphorus: Approaching Fundamental Limits?” Stockholm Water Front Magazine, no. 2 (2011): 4.

  Childers, Daniel L., Jessica Corman, Mark Edwards, and James J. Elser. “Sustainability Challenges of Phosphorus and Food: Solutions from Closing the Human Phosphorus Cycle.” BioScience, vol. 61, no. 2 (2011): 117–24.

  Cincotta, Richard P., Jennifer Wisnewski, and Robert Engelman. “Human Population in the Biodiversity Hotspots.” Nature, vol. 404 (April 27, 2000): 990–92.

  Cizik, Rev. Richard, and Rev. Debra W. Haffner. “Shared Commitment to Women and Children,” On Faith, Washington Post, March 3, 2011. http://onfaith.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/guestvoices.

  “Climate Change: Local Governments Should Wait.” South Dade Matters, February 9, 2012. http://southdadematters.com/tag/sea-level-rise.

  Cohen, Susan A. “The United States and the United Nations Population Fund: A Rocky Relationship.” The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, vol. 2, no. 1 (February 1999).

  Coleman, Les. “Alarming Climate Change Effects on FL.” Public News Service, November 21, 2011. http://www.publicnewsservice.org/index.php?/content/article/23338-1.

  “Consumption Driving ‘Unprecedented’ Environment Damage: UN.” Agence France-Presse. June 6, 2012.

 

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