Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2

by Michael Burlingame

  150. Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983), 21 (diary entry for 10 Mar. 1861).

  151. Washington Post, 12 Mar. 1893, 2.

  152. Crawford, ed., Russell’s Civil War, 162 (diary entry for 3 Nov. 1861).

  153. A. K. McClure to Alonzo Rothschild, Philadelphia, 9 May 1907, Lincoln Contemporaries Collection, LMF.

  154. Keckley, Behind the Scenes, 101.

  155. Clipping from the New York Commercial Gazette, 9 Jan. 1887, J. G. Randall Papers, DLC; Washington correspondence by Vidette, 11 Dec. 1861, New York Commercial Advertiser, 13 Dec. 1861; reminiscences of John Palmer Usher, unidentified clipping, Otto Eisenschiml Papers, University of Iowa.

  156. Ernest d’Hauterive, ed., “Voyage du Prince Napoleon aux Etats-Unis, 1861,” Revue de Paris 40 (1933): 259 (diary entry for 6 Aug. 1861).

  157. Crawford, ed., Russell’s Civil War, 185 (diary entry for 23 Nov. 1861).

  158. Russell to John T. Delane, Quebec, 11 Feb. 1862, ibid., 222.

  159. James W. Nesmith to his wife, Washington, 5 Feb. 1862, photocopy, J. G. Randall Papers, DLC.

  160. E. S. Denison to Dudley C. Denison, Washington, 15 Feb. 1864, George S. Denison Papers, DLC.

  161. An unidentified New York paper copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 30 Oct. 1864.

  162. Edward Atkinson to his wife, Washington, [26 Feb. 1865], Atkinson Papers, MHi.

  163. Washington correspondence by Mary Clemmer Ames, 8 Jan., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 11 Jan. 1862.

  164. Washington correspondence by E. H. Arr., 9 Feb., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 20 Feb. 1864.

  165. Mrs. James A. Mulligan told this to Maria Lydig Daly. Daly, Diary of a Union Lady, 1861–1865, ed. Harold Earl Hammond (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1962), 87 (entry for 20 Dec. 1861).

  166. Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel Phillips Lee, Washington, 1 Mar. 1862, in Laas, ed., Wartime Washington, 104.

  167. Lydia Maria Child to Mary Elizabeth Preston Stearns, Wayland, Massachusetts 15 Dec. 1861, Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817–1880, ed. Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982), 400; Child to John Greenleaf Whittier, Wayland, Massachusetts, 22 Sept. 1861, Child Papers, Microfiche edition, ed., Patricia G. Holland and Milton Meltzer.

  168. Lydia Maria Child to Lucy Searle, Wayland, Massachusetts 11 Oct. 1861, Lydia Maria Child Letters, Samuel J. May Antislavery Collection, Cornell University.

  169. A. Oakey Hall to Thurlow Weed, New York, 17 Aug. 1861, Weed Papers, University of Rochester.

  170. Robert C. Winthrop, Jr., to P. P. Ellis, Boston, 10 Oct. 1861, Winthrop Family Papers, MHi.

  171. Henry W. Bellows to Joseph Bellows, New York, 1 Feb. 1862, Henry W. Bellows Papers, MHi.

  172. Hannah Matthews to Mrs. A. H. Pidge, Washington, 31 Jan. 1864, Schuyler Colfax Papers, Northern Indiana Center for History, South Bend.

  173. Julia Taft Bayne, Tad Lincoln’s Father (1924; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001), 3.

  174. James H. Campbell to his wife, Juliet Lewis Campbell, Washington, 28 Jan. 1863, Campbell Papers, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  175. Julia Trumbull to Lyman Trumbull, Kingston, NY, 26 Sept. 1861, Trumbull Family Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  176. Fanny Seward diary, entry for 9 Sept. 1861, in Patricia Carley Johnson, ed., “Sensitivity and Civil War: The Selected Diaries and Papers, 1858–1868, of Frances Adeline Seward” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester, 1963), 360–361.

  177. Diary of William T. Coggeshall, 7 Dec. 1861, in Freda Postle Koch, Colonel Coggeshall: The Man Who Saved Lincoln (Columbus, Ohio: Poko Press, 1985), 61; A. H[omer] B[yington] to Sydney [Howard Gay], Washington, 23 Mar. [1864], Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  178. Undated, unsigned manuscript in the hand of John Hay, J. W. Schuckers Papers, DLC.

  179. Wikoff gave the information to Simon P. Hanscom, who filed the story which appeared on December 3.

  180. Washington correspondence, 14 Feb., New York Tribune, 15 Feb. 1862; Wikoff’s narrative of events, dated 20 Feb., New York Herald, 3 Mar. 1862.

  181. Orville H. Browning manuscript diary, IHi, 3 Mar. 1862; Washington correspondence, 14, 15 Feb., Chicago Tribune, 15 and 20 Feb. 1862; Washington correspondence, 13 Feb., New York Tribune, New York Herald, 14 Feb. 1862.

  182. A. K. McClure to Alonzo Rothschild, Philadelphia, 9 May 1907, Lincoln Contemporaries Collection, LMF.

  183. Frank Maloy Anderson, The Mystery of “A Public Man”: A Historical Detective Story (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1948), 126–128.

  184. Forney, Anecdotes of Public Men (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1873), 366.

  185. George Gibbs to John Austin Stevens, Washington, 3, 16 Oct. 1861, Stevens Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  186. Davis to his wife Sarah, St. Louis, 15 Dec. 1861, Davis Family Papers, IHi.

  187. Henry Smith to Charles Henry Ray and Joseph Medill, [Washington], 4 Nov. 1861, Ray Papers, CSmH. See also Adam Gurowski to Horace Greeley, Washington, 1 Oct. 1861, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.

  188. Hawley to Charles Dudley Warner, n.p., n.d., in Arthur L. Shipman, ed., “Letters of Joseph R. Hawley,” typescript dated 1929, p. 387, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford.

  189. Washington correspondence, 21 Oct. 1861, Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 25 Oct. 1861, Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 120.

  190. Olmsted to Mary Perkins Olmsted, Washington, 28 Sept. 1861, McLaughlin et al., eds., Papers of Olmsted, 4:207.

  191. Wool to his wife, Baltimore, 28 Sept. 1862, Wool Papers, New York State Library, Albany.

  192. A. Mann, Jr., to E. B. Washburne, New York, 1 May 1862, Washburne Papers, DLC.

  193. Daly, Diary of a Union Lady, 86 (entry for 19 Dec. 1861).

  194. Fessenden to Elizabeth Warriner, Washington, 1 Dec. 1861, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.

  195. Philo S. Shelton to Thurlow Weed, Boston, 7 Feb. 1862, Weed Papers, University of Rochester.

  196. Matthew Hale Smith, Sunshine and Shadow in New York (Hartford, CT: Burr, 1868), 285–289; C. A. Dana to J. S. Pike, New York, 4 Jan. 1862, Pike Papers, University of Maine; Washington correspondence, 11 Feb., New York World, 12 Feb. 1862.

  197. T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington, 27 Oct. 1862, Barlow Papers, CSmH.

  198. Washington correspondence, 2 Mar., Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 Mar. 1862.

  199. George Gibbs to John Austin Stevens, Washington, 16 Oct. 1861, Stevens Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  200. U.S. Senate, 59th Congress, 2nd Session, Report 69 (1903); Watt, “Declaration for Invalid Pension,” 25 Aug. 1890, and Jane M. Watt, “Dependent Widow’s Declaration for Pension,” 29 Jan. 1892, Pension Records, National Archives; Watt to General [name indecipherable], Washington, 16 Jan. 1861; Watt to Lorenzo Thomas, 10 Sept. and 3 Dec. 1861, Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Letters Received, Main Series, Record Group 94, ibid.; Watt’s service record, ibid.

  201. John B. Blake, commissioner, to John Watt, Washington, 10 June 1858, copy, enclosing “a copy of the decision of the Secretary of the Interior upon the charges preferred against you by Mr. John Saunders,” and Blake to Watt, Washington, 5 July 1859, copy, Records of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, letters sent, vols. 13 and 14, Record Group 42, Microcopy 371, reel 7, National Archives.

  202. New York Tribune, 28 Jan. 1862.

  203. Washington correspondence, 14 Oct., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 19 Oct. 1861; Mary Todd Lincoln to John F. Potter, Washington, 13 Sept. 1861, in Turner and Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln, 104; Potter, journal entry for 15 Sept. 1861, Potter Papers, Wisconsin State Historical Society.

  204. C. A. Dana to J. S. Pike, New York, 8 Nov. 1861, Pike Pa
pers, University of Maine.

  205. Washington correspondence, 6 Oct., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 12 Oct. 1861.

  206. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 2 Sept., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 7 Sept. 1861.

  207. Orville H. Browning, manuscript diary, IHi, 3 Mar. 1862.

  208. C. A. Dana to J. S. Pike, New York, 8 Nov. 1861, Pike Papers, University of Maine.

  209. New York Commercial Advertiser, 4 Oct. 1867.

  210. Upperman to Caleb B. Smith, Washington, 21 Oct. 1861, copy, Records of the U.S. Senate, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, 37th Congress, Record Group 46, National Archives; Financial Records of the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, Record Group 42, entry 19, box 13, ibid.; records of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, letters sent, vols. 13 and 14, Record Group 42, Microcopy 371, reel 7, ibid.

  211. Caleb B. Smith to W. H. Seward, Washington, 27 Oct. 1861, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.

  212. Memo by Smith, Washington, 11 Dec. 1861, Records of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, Letters Received, Record Group 42, volume 37, microcopy 371, reel 7, National Archives.

  213. Upperman to Foot, Washington, 6 Dec. 1861, Records of the U.S. Senate, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, 37th Congress, Record Group 46, National Archives.

  214. New York Commercial Advertiser, 4 Oct. 1867.

  215. Pennsylvania Congressman Benjamin Boyer, a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, told this story to Maryland journalist William Glenn. Bayly Ellen Marks and Mark Norton Schatz, eds., Between North and South: A Maryland Journalist Views the Civil War, the Narrative of William Wilkins Glenn, 1861–1869 (Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1976), 175–176, 296 (entries for 16 Mar. 1865 and 4 Oct. 1867).

  216. Benjamin B. French to Lincoln, Washington, 1 Apr. 1864, AL MSS DLC.

  217. Lincoln to Whittlesey, Washington, 11 Mar. 1862, Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 17 (1996):52.

  218. Undated, unsigned manuscript in the hand of John Hay, J. W. Schuckers Papers, DLC.

  219. John Hay diary, 13 Feb. 1867, RPB.

  220. Washington correspondence, 16 Oct., New York Tribune, 17 Oct. 1867.

  221. George W. Adams to [David Goodman] Croly, Washington, 7 Oct. 1867, Manton Marble Papers, DLC.

  222. Orville H. Browning diary, 3 July 1873 IHi; John Hay diary, 13 Feb. 1867, RPB.

  223. D. P. Holloway to John Watt, Washington, 14 Mar. 1862, copy, AL MSS DLC.

  224. Orville H. Browning diary, 3 Mar. 1862 IHi. In the Ward Hill Lamon Papers at the Henry E. Huntington Library is the following document, dated on its folder [Feb. 1] 1863:

  “His Excellency

  Abraham Lincoln

  Due to John Watt

  1863

  To Commissary stores for the use of the President[’]s House $361.00

  the items and vouchers for this sum of money are in the hand [of] Genl Simm Draper

  To Cash sent to Mrs Lincoln from this city [Washington?] to Mrs L by a draft at her request $350.00

  the authority to send the same to Mrs Lincoln to New York is also in the hand of Mr Draper

  To Cash paid Mrs Lincoln Hotel bill in Boston, receipt in Mr Lincoln[’s] hand 15.00

  To Cash handed Mrs Lincoln NY 10[.00]

  $736.00

  Mr. Watts presents this account with reluctance & never intended to present it for payment and departs from his purpose originally intended as the wishes of the Hon Secretary Smith has [sic] not been carried out by Mr Newton the head of the Agriculture bureau in not compensation [compensating] him for time and services in his visit to Europe for that Bureau, as that has not been done Mr Watts feels bound to present the above bill for payment as he cannot afford now to lose it. Mr Watts parted with the vouchers refer[re]d to with the understanding that the account would be promptly paid.”

  225. Watt to Cameron, n.p., n.d., Turner and Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln, 103n.

  226. Davis to his wife, St. Louis, 19, 23 February 1862, David Davis Papers, IHi.

  227. Washington correspondence by “Iowa,” 4 Feb. 1862, Burlington, Iowa, Hawk-Eye, 8 Feb. 1862, p. 2, c. 3; Marks and Schatz, eds., Narrative of William Watkins Glenn, 176 (4 Oct. 1867).

  228. New York correspondence by “Metropolitan,” 9 Oct. 1867, Boston Post, 11 Oct. 1867.

  229. Marks and Schatz, eds., Narrative of William Wilkins Glenn, 176 (4 Oct. 1867).

  230. C. A. Dana to J. S. Pike, New York, 8 Nov. 1861, Pike Papers, University of Maine.

  231. Harry E. Pratt and Earnest E. East, “Mrs. Lincoln Refurbishes the White House,” Lincoln Herald 47 (1945): 13–22.

  232. Bill for $6,858 from William H. Carryl & Bro., 31 July 1861, First Auditor’s Records, Miscellaneous Records, Treasury Department, Record Group 217, no. 143610, National Archives.

  233. I have conflated two of French’s accounts of this conversation. Burlingame, Inner World of Lincoln, 299–300, and French, Witness to the Young Republic, ed. Cole and McDonough, 382.

  234. James R. Doolittle to his wife Mary, Washington, 16 Feb. 1862, Doolittle Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

  235. B. B. French to his son Frank, Washington, 13 Apr. 1862, French Family Papers, DLC.

  236. Washington correspondence, 7 Feb., New York Tribune, 8 Feb. 1862.

  237. James R. Doolittle to his wife Mary, Washington, 16 Feb. 1862, Doolittle Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

  238. Russell, Diary, 28 (entry for 30 Mar. 1861).

  239. Indianapolis Journal, 12 Feb. 1862.

  240. An unidentified New York paper copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 30 Oct. 1864; Davis to his wife Sarah, Washington, 25 Dec. 1862, Davis Papers, IHi.

  241. Allen Peskin, “Putting the ‘Baboon’ to Rest: Observations of a Radical Republican on Lincoln’s Funeral Train,” Lincoln Herald 27 (1979):77.

  242. Jean Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (New York: W.W. Norton, 1987), 192.

  243. Letter by “Polly P. Perkins,” Observatory Hill, East District, 1 Oct., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 19 Oct. 1861.

  244. E. Miller to Amanda Hanna, Crawfordsville, Indiana, 2 Mar. 1862, Robert B. Hanna Family Papers, Indiana Historical Society.

  245. B. B. French to his son Frank, Washington, 9 July 1865, 3 Jan. 1866, French Family Papers, DLC.

  246. French, Witness to the Young Republic, ed. Cole and McDonough, 479 (entry for 24 May 1865).

  247. Washington correspondence, 2 Feb., New York Herald, 3 Feb. 1862.

  248. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 6 Feb., Boston Evening Journal, 8 Feb. 1862; Washington correspondence, 4 Feb., Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 Feb. 1862.

  249. Washington correspondence n.d. [ca. 2 Feb.], New York Evening Express, 3 Feb. 1862.

  250. William O. Stoddard, “Recollections of a Checkered Lifetime,” typescript, Stoddard Papers, Detroit Public Library, 2 vols., 2:346–348, 366.

  251. B. B. French to his son Frank, Washington, 2 Feb., 13 Mar. 1862, French Family Papers, DLC.

  252. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 6 Feb., Boston Evening Journal, 8 Feb. 1862.

  253. New York Herald, 5 Feb. 1862.

  254. Mrs. Henry A. Wise to her father, Edward Everett, Washington, 2 Mar. 1862, Everett Papers, MHi.

  255. Washington correspondence by Miriam [Mrs. John A. Kasson], 26 June, Iowa State Register (Des Moines), 8 July 1862.

  256. Washington correspondence, 10 Mar., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 15 Mar. 1862.

  257. Washington correspondence, 26 Aug., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 31 Aug. 1861.

  258. Henry L. Dawes to his wife, Washington, 29 Jan. 1862, Dawes Papers, DLC.

  259. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 5 Feb., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 8 Feb. 1862; Washington correspondence by Ben: Perely Poore, 2 Feb., Boston Evening Journal, 4 Feb. 1862; Hans L. Trefousse, Benjamin Franklin Wade, Radical Republican
from Ohio (New York: Twayne, 1963), 167.

  260. Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch, 9 Feb. 1862.

  261. Cincinnati Commercial, 10 Feb. 1862.

  262. Cincinnati Gazette, n.d., copied in the New York Evening Express, 11 Feb. 1862.

  263. Washington correspondence by Mary Clemmer Ames, 25 Feb., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 1 Mar. 1862.

  264. Indianapolis Journal, 8 Feb. 1862.

  265. Wendell Phillips, speech in Hartford, 21 Feb. 1862, Chicago Times, 28 Feb. 1862.

  266. A. K. McClure to Alonzo Rothschild, Philadelphia, 9 May 1907, Lincoln Contemporaries Collection, LMF.

  Chapter 26. “I Expect to Maintain This Contest Until Successful, or Till I Die”

  1. William O. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. 6,” New York Citizen, 22 Sept. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 166.

  2. New York World, 15 Jan., 13 Mar. 1862.

  3. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 1835–1875 (4 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1952), 3:188, 204 (entries for 23 Oct. 1861 and 29 Jan. 1862).

  4. John Pendleton Kennedy to Robert C. Winthrop, Baltimore, 16 Feb. 1862, Winthrop Family Papers, MHi.

  5. Howard K. Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866 (Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1930, vol. IV; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), 218 (entry for 31 Dec. 1861).

  6. Trumbull to Yates, Washington, 6 Feb. 1862, L. U. Reavis Papers, ICHi.

  7. Yates to Trumbull, Springfield, 14 Feb. 1862, Lyman Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  8. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 22 Jan., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 24 Jan. 1862.

  9. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 1 Jan., Boston Journal, 3 Jan. 1862.

  10. “Notes at Washington” by S[amuel] B[owles], Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 27 Mar. 1862.

  11. Philadelphia Press, 21 Apr. 1862.

  12. Providence Journal, 13 Mar. 1862.

  13. Maria Lydig Daly, Diary of a Union Lady, 1861–1865, ed. Harold Earl Hammond (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1962), 135–136 (entry for 22 May 1862).