18. Lafayette Foster interviewed by John G. Nicolay, 23 October 1878, ibid., 53.
19. George Sewall Boutwell, Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs (2 vols.; New York: McClure, Phillips, 1902), 2:29
20. Josiah Bushnell Grinnell, Men and Events of Forty Years: Autobiographical Reminiscences of an Active Career from 1850 to 1890 (Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891), 173.
21. Edwards Pierrepont to Lincoln, New York, 24 Nov. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
22. Colfax to Chase, Washington, 5 Dec. 1864, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
23. Washington correspondence, New York Independent, n.d., copied in the National Anti-Slavery Standard, 17 Dec. 1864.
24. John B. Alley in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 582; Henry Wilson, conversation with John G. Nicolay, Washington, 1 Apr. 1874, in Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 85.
25. J. W. Schuckers, The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase (New York: Appleton, 1874), 487.
26. Francis B. Carpenter, The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months at the White House (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 219.
27. Noah Brooks, Statesmen (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1893), 170; Brooks, Abraham Lincoln and the Downfall of American Slavery (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1895), 439.
28. John D. Defrees to Josiah G. Holland, Washington, 8 Aug. 1865, in Allen C. Guelzo, “Holland’s Informants: The Construction of Josiah Holland’s ‘Life of Abraham Lincoln,’ ” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 23 (2002):46–47.
29. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:181 (entry for 26 Nov. 1864).
30. Undated memo by Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar enclosed in Hoar to James Ford Rhodes, Concord, 9 Feb. 1894, Rhodes Papers, MHi.
31. J. W. Schuckers to Evarts, 11 June 1875, in Brainerd Dyer, The Public Career of William M. Evarts (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1933), 157n; Boutwell, Reminiscences, 2:29.
32. Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser, 9 Dec. 1864, in Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996), 15.
33. Boutwell, Reminiscences, 2:29.
34. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 217 (entry for 1 July 1864).
35. Fessenden to Chase, 20 Oct. 1864, in Schuckers, Chase, 510.
36. New York Tribune, 7 Dec. 1864; George Wood to Chase, Washington, 21 Nov. 1864, Chase Papers, DLC.
37. Truman Woodruff to Chase, St. Louis, 7 Dec. 1864, Chase Papers, DLC.
38. R. D. Musser to Chase, Nashville, Tennessee, 8 Dec. 1864, ibid.
39. Richard Smith told this to Enoch T. Carson. Carson to Chase, Cincinnati, 7 Dec. 1864, ibid.
40. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 8 Dec. 1864, Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 166.
41. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:196 (entry for 15 Dec. 1864); Virginia Fox diary, 10 Dec. 1864, Levi Woodbury Papers, DLC.
42. Blair to Samuel J. Tilden, Washington, 5 June 1868, in John Bigelow, ed., Letters and Literary Memorials of Samuel J. Tilden (2 vols.; New York: Harper, 1908), 1:233; Dana to James Shepherd Pike, Washington, 12 Dec. 1864, Pike Papers, University of Maine.
43. Chase to Lincoln, Washington, 6 Dec. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
44. Hay to [Charles S.] Spencer, Washington, 25 Nov. [1864], in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 101.
45. Lincoln to Mrs. Bixby, Washington, 21 Nov. 1864, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 8:116–117; Michael Burlingame, “The Authorship of the Bixby Letter,” in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 169–184.
46. Randall and Current, Last Full Measure, 48.
47. Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (4 vols.; New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1939), 3:669; Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1954), 640.
48. David A. Anderson, ed., The Literary Works of Abraham Lincoln (Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1970), vi.
49. Herbert Joseph Edwards and John Erskine Hankins, Lincoln the Writer: The Development of His Literary Style (University of Maine Studies, second series, no. 76; Orono: University of Maine, 1962), 90, 92.
50. Daniel Kilham Dodge, “The Emotional and Intellectual Side of Lincoln,” typescript enclosed in Dodge to David Kinley, Urbana, Illinois, 17 Feb. 1924, Dodge Papers, Lincoln Shrine, A. K. Smiley Public Library, Red-lands, California.
51. Burlingame, “The Authorship of the Bixby Letter,” 171.
52. Philadelphia Age, n.d., copied in the Columbus, Ohio, Crisis, 16 Dec. 1864.
53. Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1868), 121–122.
54. Katherine Helm, The True Story of Mary, Wife of Lincoln (New York: Harper, 1928), 227, 229–230.
55. Lincoln to Grant, Washington, 19 Jan. 1865, CWL, 8:223.
56. Grant to Lincoln, Annapolis Junction, Maryland, 21 Jan. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
57. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:693 (entry for 14 Nov. 1864).
58. H. P. H. Bromwell’s reminiscences in the Denver Tribune, 18 May 1879.
59. Dix to Lincoln, New York, 14 Feb. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
60. New York Times, 16 Dece. 1864.
61. CWL, 8:141.
62. Isaac N. Arnold, “Abraham Lincoln: A Paper Read Before the Royal Historical Society, London, June 16th, 1881” (pamphlet; Chicago: Fergus Printing Company, 1881), 28.
63. Charles Francis Adams to his son, London, 24 Mar. 1865, Adams Papers, MHi.
64. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 211 (entry for 24 June 1864).
65. Boston Commonwealth, 24 Dec. 1864.
66. New York Times, 20 Dec. 1864.
67. CWL, 8:151–152.
68. New York Independent, 8 Dec. 1864.
69. Reuben D. Mussey to Lincoln, Nashville, 9 Dec. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
70. Oliver Johnson to Lincoln, New York, 7 Dec. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
71. Stanton to Grant, 3 Mar. 1865, John Y. Simon, ed., The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967-), 14:91.
72. CWL, 8:152.
73. Elizabeth Cady Stanton to Susan B. Anthony, New York, 8 Dec. 1864, Theodore Stanton and Harriot Stanton Blatch, eds., Elizabeth Cady Stanton as Revealed in Her Letters, Diary and Reminiscences (2 vols.; New York: Harper and Brothers, 1922), 2:103.
74. Julius Rockwell to David Davis, Pittsfield, 7 Dec. 1864; Samuel F. Miller to David Davis, Washington, 21 Dec. 1864, David Davis Papers, IHi.
75. Washington correspondence, 7 Dec. 1864, Sacramento Daily Union, 11 Jan. 1865, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 150–151; Brooks to George Witherle, Washington, 10 Dec. 1864, ibid., 155.
76. Washington correspondence by Noah Brooks, 10 Jan., Sacramento Daily Union, 22 Feb. 1865, ibid., 157.
77. James Grant Wilson, “Recollections of Lincoln,” Putnam’s Magazine, Feb. 1909:529.
78. Washington correspondence by Noah Brooks, 22 Mar., Sacramento Daily Union, 19 Apr. 1865, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 175–176.
79. Henry B. Anthony to Lincoln, Providence, 24 Aug. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
80. Lincoln to Hackett, Washington, 2 Nov. 1863, CWL, 6:558–559.
81. Hay, “Life in the White House in the Time of Lincoln,” Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 136.
82. Henry to his wife, Washington, 13 Mar. 1865, Henry Papers, IHi.
83. Carpenter, Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln, 276.
84. Forbes to Henry W. Bellows, Boston, 13 Dec. 1861, Bellows Papers, MHi
85. Samuel Hooper to Chase, Washington, 10 Mar.
1865, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
86. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 249 (entry for 11 Nov. 1864).
87. Hugh McCulloch to his wife, Washington, 2 Oct. 1864, Hugh McCulloch Papers, InU.
88. Hugh McCulloch, Men and Measures of Half a Century: Sketches and Comments (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1888), 193.
89. CWL, 8:149; Rollins in Osborn H. Oldroyd, ed., The Lincoln Memorial: Album-Immortelles (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1882), 492–493.
90. Corbin to Lincoln, Washington, 8 Dec. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
91. Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel Phillips Lee, Washington, 2 Feb. 1865, Virginia Jeans Laas, ed., Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), 472.
92. David Lindsey, “Sunset” Cox: Irrepressible Democrat (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1959), 93.
93. Samuel S. Cox, Union-Disunion-Reunion: Three Decades of Federal Legislation, 1855–1885 (Washington, DC: J. M. Stoddart, 1885), 310.
94. John Jay Janney, “Talking with the President: Four Interviews with Abraham Lincoln,” Civil War Times Illustrated 26 (Sept. 1987): 34.
95. Samuel S. Cox, Eight Years in Congress: From 1857 to 1865 (New York: Appleton, 1865), 398.
96. Seward, “The Situation and the Duty: Speech of William H. Seward at Auburn, N.Y., 31 October 1868” (pamphlet; Washington, DC: Philp and Solomons, 1868), 23.
97. Ashley to Lincoln, Washington, 25 Dec. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
98. Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, 180 (9 Jan. 1865).
99. Isaac N. Arnold, The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery (Chicago: Clarke, 1866), 469.
100. Herrick to Seward, New York, 8 Aug. 1865, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
101. Nicolay, memorandum, 18 Jan. 1865, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 171.
102. Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, 530 (31 Jan. 1865).
103. George H. Yeaman to Lincoln, Owensboro, Kentucky, 13 Jan. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
104. Robert W. Latham to Seward, Washington, 9 Jan. 1865, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
105. Blair to Andrew Johnson, 16 June 1865, LeRoy P. Graf and Ralph W. Haskins, eds., The Papers of Andrew Johnson (16 vols.; Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1967–2000), 8:247.
106. Lincoln to Ashley, Washington, 31 Jan. 1865, CWL, 8:248.
107. Elizabeth Peabody to Horace Mann, Jr., [mid Feb. 1865], in Arlin Turner, ed., “Elizabeth Peabody Visits Lincoln, February 1865,” New England Quarterly 48 (Mar. 1975):119–120.
108. Cornelius Cole to his wife, Washington, 31 Jan. 1865, in Memoirs of Cornelius Cole, Ex-Senator of the United States from California (New York: McLoughlin Brothers, 1908), 220.
109. Schurz to his wife, Washington, 1 Feb. 1865, in Joseph Schafer, ed., Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869 (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1928), 314–315.
110. Martin B. Pasternak, Rise Now and Fly to Arms: The Life of Henry Highland Garnet (New York: Garland, 1995), 120.
111. Isaac N. Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1885), 366.
112. Garrison to Lincoln, Boston, 13 Feb. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
113. The Liberator (Boston), 10 Feb. 1865.
114. Chamberlain letter to the editor, New York, 22 Sept. 1883, New York Tribune, 4 Nov. 1883.
115. John Murray Forbes to Garrison, Boston, 18 Jan. 1865, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
116. CWL, 8:254–255.
117. William Ernest Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics (2 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1933), 2:303; Blair to Greeley, Silver Spring, [20?] December 1864, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library; Lincoln to Blair, Washington, 18 Jan. 1865, CWL, 8:220–221.
118. Carl Sandburg’s notes of an interview with Joseph Fifer, [1923], Sandburg-Barrett Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago.
119. Thomas E. Schott, Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), 442.
120. Chandler to his wife, Washington, 25 Jan. 1865, Chandler Papers, DLC.
121. Washington correspondence, 8 Feb., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, n.d., copied in the New York World, 11 Feb. 1865.
122. Joseph Medill to Lincoln, Washington, 15 Jan. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
123. Henry Ward Beecher in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 249–250.
124. Henry Ward Beecher to Lincoln, Brooklyn, 4 Feb. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
125. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:231–232 (entry for 30 Jan. 1865).
126. New York Herald, 23 Jan. 1865.
127. Lincoln to Seward, Washington, 31 Jan. 1865, CWL, 8:250–251.
128. Lincoln to Grant, Washington, 1 Feb. 1865, CWL, 8:252.
129. Grant to Lincoln, City Point, 1 Feb. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
130. [Singleton] to [Beverly Tucker?], [11?] Sept. 1864, Clement C. Clay Correspondence, Record Group 109, National Archives, in Ludwell Johnson, “Lincoln’s Solution to the Problem of Peace Terms, 1864–1865,” Journal of Southern History 34 (1968):579.
131. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:694, 695 (entries for 24 and 26 Nov. 1864).
132. Singleton interviewed by John E. Wilkie, Chicago Times, 26 Dec. 1885.
133. New York Times, 12 Feb. 1928.
134. Alexander Long to Greeley, Washington, 11 Jan. 1865, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.
135. Washington correspondence, 1 Feb., New York Tribune, 2 Feb. 1865; Jewett to the editor of the New York Tribune, Washington, 4 Feb., New York Tribune, 6 Feb. 1865.
136. Washington correspondence, 1 Feb., Cincinnati Gazette, 2 Feb. 1865.
137. Reminiscences of Stephens given to Evan P. Howell in 1882, in Howell to Henry Watterson, n.p., n.d, in the Louisville Courier-Journal, n.d., copied in an unidentified clipping, LMF.
138. Washington correspondence, 22 Feb., by Van [D. W. Bartlett], Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 25 Feb. 1865.
139. Reminiscences of Stephens given to Evan P. Howell in 1882, in Howell to Henry Watterson, n.p., n.d, in the Louisville Courier-Journal, n.d., copied in an unidentified clipping, LMF.
140. Stephens’s account of the conference, given shortly after its conclusion, to the editor of a newspaper in his hometown, Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel, 7 June 1865.
141. Alexander H. Stephens, A Constitutional View of the Late War between the States: Its Causes, Character, Conduct and Results, Presented in a Series of Colloquies at Liberty Hall (2 vols.; Philadelphia: National Publishing Company, 1868–1870), 2:600, 601, 608.
142. John A. Campbell, Reminiscences and Documents Relating to the Civil War during the Year 1865 (Baltimore, MD: John Murphy, 1887), 12–13.
143. Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel, 7 June 1865.
144. Stephens, Constitutional View, 2:612.
145. Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel, 7 June 1865.
146. Washington correspondence, 22 Feb. by Van [D. W. Bartlett], Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 25 Feb. 1865.
147. Stephens, Constitutional View, 2:617.
148. John Eaton, Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War with Special Reference to the Work for the Contrabands and Freedmen of the Mississippi Valley (New York: Longmans, Green, 1907), 89.
149. William J. Cooper, Jefferson Davis, American (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 513.
150. Richmond Dispatch, 7 Feb. 1865, in Edward McPherson, The Political History of the United States of America During the Great Rebellion (Washington: Philp and Solomons, 1865), 572.
151. John A. Campbell to Benjamin R. Curtis, Fort Pulsaki, Georgia, 20 July 1865, Century Magazine, Oct. 1889, 952.
152. Singleton interviewed by John E. Wilkie, Chicago Times, 26 Dec. 1885.
153. Chandler to his wife, Washington, 6, 10 Feb. 1865, Chandler Papers, DLC.
154. Message to Congress, [5 Feb. 1865], CWL, 8:261.
155. John Palmer
Usher interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 11 Oct. 1877, Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 66.
156. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:237 (entry for 6 Feb. 1865).
157. John Palmer Usher interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 11 Oct. 1877, Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 66.
158. Memo by Fessenden on a summons to a cabinet meeting dated Washington, 5 Feb. 1865, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
159. Message to the House of Representatives, 10 Feb. 1865, CWL, 8:284–285.
160. Washington correspondence, 12 February, Sacramento Daily Union, 22 Mar. 1865, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 163.
161. Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, 733 (10 Feb. 1865).
162. Franklin B. Sanborn to Moncure D. Conway, Concord, Massachusetts, 19 Feb. 1865, Conway Papers, Columbia University.
163. George L. Stearns to Moncure D. Conway, Boston, 13 Mar. 1865, ibid.
164. May to Richard Webb, Boston, 2 Jan. 1865, May Papers, Boston Public Library.
165. Richmond Sentinel, 6 Feb. 1865, in George C. Rable, The Confederate Republic: A Revolution against Politics (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 292.
166. Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson: Their Plan of Reconstruction and the Resumption of National Authority,” Galaxy 13 (Apr. 1872), 522.
167. Sara Pryor, My Day: Reminiscences of a Long Life (New York: Macmillan, 1909), 251.
168. Weldon in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 212–213.
169. Edward Atkinson to his wife, Washington, 5 July 1864, Atkinson Papers, MHi; Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:66 (entry for 5 July 1864).
170. Lincoln to Canby, Washington, 12 Dec. 1864, CWL, 8:164.
171. John Murray Forbes to Edward Atkinson, Washington, 8 Mar. 1865, Atkinson Papers, MHi.
172. Morgan to Thurlow Weed, Washington, 29 May 1864, Weed Papers, Rochester University.
173. C. A. Dana to J. S. Pike, Washington, 10 May 1865, Pike Papers, University of Maine.
174. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 2:5 (entry for 1 Feb. 1865).
175. Lincoln to Grant, Washington, 7 Feb. 1865, CWL, 8:267.
176. Grant to Stanton, City Point, 8 Mar. 1865, in Simon, ed., Grant Papers, 14:113.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 180
