154. Edward McPherson, The Political History of the United States of America During the Great Rebellion (Washington, DC: Philp & Solomons, 1865), 364.
155. Thomas Clark, Reminiscences (New York: T. Whittaker, 1895), 142.
156. Washington correspondence by “Rhode Island,” 18 Oct., Providence Journal, 21 Oct. 1861.
157. Stanton to Benjamin Butler, Washington, 17 Nov. 1863, OR, II, 6:528.
158. W.A. Croffut, ed., Fifty Years in Camp and Field: The Diary of Major-General Ethan Allen Hitchcock, U.S.A. (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1909), 458.
159. Nicolay memorandum, 14 Dec. 1863, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 122.
160. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 207–208 (entry for 17 June 1864).
161. John Sherman, Recollections of Forty Years in the House, Senate and Cabinet: An Autobiography (2 vols.; Chicago: Werner, 1895), 1:324.
162. Lincoln to John Brough and Samuel P. Heintzelman, Washington, 20 June 1864, CWL, 7:402.
163. Speech of Congressman Robert Mallory at Lexington, n.d., Illinois State Register, Springfield 4 Nov. 1864.
164. Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, North Shore, New York, 1 Sept. 1864, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.
165. Fenton in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American, 1886), 69.
166. Lincoln to Chase, Washington, 28 June 1864, CWL, 7:414.
167. Weed to Lincoln, Albany, 18 Oct. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
168. Lincoln to Weed, Washington, 14 Oct. 1864, CWL, 6:513–514.
169. Weed to David Davis, New York, 29 Mar. 1864, David Davis Papers, IHi.
170. Ibid.
171. Weed to David Davis, Albany, 15 Mar. [1864], ibid.
172. Weed to David Davis, Albany, 24 Mar. [1864], ibid.
173. David Davis to Weed, Washington, 21 Mar. 1864, Weed Papers, University of Rochester; same to same, Washington, 4 Apr. 1864, Davis Papers, IHi.
174. Lincoln to Weed, Washington, 25 Mar. 1864, CWL, 7:268.
175. Nicolay to Lincoln, New York, 30 Mar. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 132–133.
176. Barney to Chase, New York, 5 Sept. 1864, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Barney to Fessenden, New York, 31 Aug. 1864, Fessenden Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society.
177. John Murray Forbes to John A. Andrew, New Bedford, 3 Sept. 1864, Andrew Papers, MHi.
178. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:138 (entry for 5 Sept. 1864).
179. Charles Jones to Raymond, 2 Aug. 1864, Raymond Papers, New York Public Library.
180. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 2:176 (entry for 13 Oct. 1864).
181. Speech by Swett, 22 Oct., Chicago Times, 23 Oct. 1880.
182. E. W. Andrews in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 304.
183. Noah Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 217.
184. Bryant to John Murray Forbes, n.p., n.d., in Hughes, ed., Letters and Recollections of Forbes, 2:101.
185. Ward Hunt to Lincoln, Utica, 9 Aug. 1864, AL MSS DLC; Lincoln to Hunt, Washington, 16 Aug. 1864, CWL, 7:498.
186. Julian in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 232.
187. Memorandum of a conversation, 20 June 1864, CWL, 7:402.
188. Lincoln to Morton McMichael, Washington, 5 Aug. 1864, CWL, 7:481.
189. Swett to Herndon, 1887, Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI] (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 165n.
190. John Hay to James C. Welling, Washington, 25 July 1864, CWL, 7:462.
191. W. D. Gallagher to Salmon P. Chase, Louisville, 11 June 1863, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
192. Lincoln to Albert G. Hodges, Washington, 4 Apr. 1864, CWL, 7:281–282.
193. Lincoln to Eliza Gurney, Washington, 4 Sept. 1864, CWL, 7:535.
194. Undated memo known as the “Meditation on the Divine Will,” probably written in 1864, CWL, 5:403–404.
195. Lincoln to Isaac M. Schemerhorn, Washington, 12 Sept. 1864, CWL, 8:1–2.
196. Speech to the 164th Ohio Regiment, 18 Aug. 1864, CWL, 7:504–505.
197. Speech to the 166th Ohio Regiment, 22 Aug. 1864, CWL, 7:512.
198. Lincoln to John A. J. Creswell, Washington, 17 Mar. 1864, CWL, 7:251.
199. Lincoln to Creswell, Washington, 7 Mar. 1864, CWL, 7:226–227.
200. Lew Wallace, Lew Wallace: An Autobiography (2 vols.; New York: Harper, 1906), 2:670, 672, 684–685; Wallace to his wife, Washington, 13 Mar. 1864, Baltimore, 1 Apr. 1864, Wallace Papers, Indiana Historical Society; Wallace to Benson J. Lossing, Crawfordsville, Indiana, 26 Jan. 1864, ibid.
201. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel F. Du Pont, n.p., 29 Feb. 1864, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.
202. Speech in Baltimore, 18 Apr. 1864, CWL, 7:301–302.
203. William L. W. Seabrook, Maryland’s Great Part in Saving the Union (Westminster, MD.: American Sentinel, 1913), 55–56.
204. Lincoln to Henry W. Hoffman, Washington, 10 Oct. 1864, CWL, 8:41
205. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 230 (entry for 24 Sept. 1864).
206. Child to Eliza Scudder, Wayland, Massachusetts, 14 Nov. 1864, Samuel J. May Collection of Antislavery Papers, Cornell University.
207. Philbrick to Nicolay, Washington, 28 Oct. 1864, Nicolay Papers, DLC.
208. Washington correspondence, 19 Oct., Sacramento Daily Union, 25 Nov. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 138.
209. Washington correspondence, 2 Nov., Sacramento Daily Union, 2 Dec. 1864, ibid., 142.
210. James J. Faran to Alexander Long, Cincinnati, 26 June 1864, Long Papers, Cincinnati Historical Society.
211. CWL, 8:52–53.
212. The American Annual Cyclopedia, 1864, 769.
213. New York Society for the Diffusion of Political Knowledge, Hand-book of the Democracy for 1863 & ’64 (New York, 1863), 2.
214. The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1864 (New York: D. Appleton, 1865), 766.
215. New York Daily News, 18, 25 Oct. 1864.
216. Stoddard, “White House Sketches, No. 11,” New York Citizen, 27 Oct. 1866, in William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 190.
217. Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 211; Mary Lincoln, interview with William H. Herndon, Sept. 1866, HI, 361.
218. E. S. Nadel, “Some Impressions of Lincoln,” Scribner’s Magazine 39 (Mar. 1906):370.
219. New York Evening Post, 1 Nov. 1864.
220. William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times (New York: C. L. Webster, 1890), 55.
221. Lincoln to William T. Sherman, Washington, 19 Sept. 1864, CWL, 8:11.
222. William T. Sherman to John Sherman, 7 July 1863, Sherman Family Papers, DLC.
223. Lincoln to Schurz, Washington, 13 Mar. 1864, CWL. 7:243–244.
224. Carl Schurz to Theodore Petrasch, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 12 Oct. 1864, Joseph Schafer, ed., Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869 (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1928), 306–309.
225. Schurz, The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (3 vols.; New York: McClure, 1907–1908), 3:104–105.
226. Response to a serenade, 19 Oct. 1864, CWL, 8:53.
227. Henry W. Bellows to his son, 2 Nov. 1864, Bellows Papers, MHi.
228. Israel Washburn to Elihu B. Washburne, Portland, 27 July 1864, Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.
229. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 18 Sept. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 160.
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230. George W. Adams to Manton Marble, Washington, 20 Sept. 1864, Marble Papers, DLC; Cameron to William P. Fessenden, Washington, 10 Sept. 1864, Lincoln Collection, Yale University.
231. William D. Kelley to Lincoln, Philadelphia, 30 Sept. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
232. George Boker to Bayard Taylor, 13 Oct. 1864, in Edward Sculley Bradley, George Henry Boker: Poet and Patriot (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1927), 224.
233. James T. Hale to Gideon Welles, Bellefonte, 17 Oct. 1864, Welles Papers, DLC.
234. Charles Sumner, in David Ross Locke, The Struggles (Social, Financial, and Political) of Petroleum V. Nasby (Boston: Richards, 1872), 15.
235. Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), 330.
236. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 240–241 (entry for 11 Oct. 1864).
237. Alexander K. McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times (Philadelphia: Times, 1892), 202.
238. Peck to Singleton, Washington, 14 Oct. 1864, in Harry E. Pratt, ed., Concerning Mr. Lincoln: In Which Abraham Lincoln Is Pictured as He Appeared to Letter Writers of His Time (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1944), 113.
239. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 243 (entry for 8 Nov. 1864).
240. Washington correspondence by Noah Brooks, 17 May, Sacramento Daily Union, 14 June 1865, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 198–199.
241. Washington correspondence, 11 Nov., Sacramento Daily Union, 10 Dec. 1864, ibid., 142–143; Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 244 (entry for 8 Nov. 1864).
242. Washington Post, 24 Sept. 1889.
243. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 245 (entry for 8 Nov. 1864).
244. Washington correspondence, 11 Nov., Sacramento Daily Union, 10 Dec. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 143.
245. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 244 (entry for 8 Nov. 1864).
246. Washington correspondence, 11 Nov. Sacramento Daily Union, 10 Dec. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 143–144.
247. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 246 (entry for 8 Nov. 1864).
248. Washington correspondence, 11 Nov., Sacramento Daily Union, 10 Dec. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 144.
249. CWL, 8:96.
250. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 246 (entry for 8 Nov. 1864).
251. Strasburg, Virginia, dispatch of 8 Nov. 1864, in the Green Mountain Freeman (Montpelier, Vermont), in Emil Rosenblatt, ed., Anti-Rebel: The Civil War Letters of Wilbur Fisk (Croton-on-Hudson: E. Rosenblatt, 1983), 276.
252. Charles Russell Lowell to his wife, near Smithfield, 1 Sept. 1864, in Edward W. Emerson, Life and Letters of Charles Russell Lowell, Captain Sixth United States Cavalry, Colonel Second Massachusetts Cavalry, Brigadier-General United States Volunteers (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1907), 333.
253. James M. McPherson, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 176-177.
254. John Walter Lee to his father, 6 Sept. 1864, in Joseph Allan Frank, With Ballot and Bayonet: The Political Socialization of American Civil War Soldiers (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998), 95.
255. Major Thaddeus H. Capron of 59th Illinois Infantry, “War Diary of Thaddeus H. Capron, 1861–65,” Journal of the Illinois State Society (1919) 12:395 (letter dated East Point, 1 Oct. 1864).
256. Joseph P. Thompson, sermon delivered in New York, 30 Apr. 1865, in Our Martyr President, 191.
257. Washington correspondence, 12 Nov., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 19 Nov. 1864.
258. Washington correspondence, 11 Nov., Sacramento Daily Union, 10 Dec. 1864, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 145.
259. CWL, 8:100–101.
260. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 248 (entry for 11 Nov. 1864).
261. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 9:379; Washington correspondence, 11 Nov., London Times, n.d., copied in the New York Daily News, 20 Dec. 1864.
262. Child to Eliza Scudder, Wayland, Massachusetts, 14 Nov. 1864, Samuel J. May Antislavery Papers Collection, Cornell University.
263. Reply to Maryland Union Committee, 17 Nov. 1864, CWL, 8:113.
264. Washington correspondence, 21 Nov., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 26 Nov. 1864.
265. CWL, 8:149–150.
266. Harper’s Weekly, 19 Nov. 1864.
267. J. W. Geary to his wife, near Savannah, no day of the month indicated, December 1864, in William Alan Blair, ed., A Politician Goes to War: The Civil War Letters of John White Geary (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995), 217.
268. Norton to George Perkins Marsh, Cambridge, 29 Dec. 1864, Marsh Papers, University of Vermont.
269. Chauncey B. Welton to his parents, 13 Oct. 1864, in Christine Dee, ed., Ohio’s War: The Civil War in Documents (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2006), 181.
270. Edward Younger, ed., Inside the Confederate Government: The Diary of Robert Garlick Hill Kean, Head of the Bureau of War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1957), 177 (entry for 20 Nov. 1864).
271. Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins, ed., The Journals of Josiah Gorgas, 1857–1878 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1995), 139 (entry for 17 Nov. 1864).
272. J. W. Geary to his wife, Atlanta, 24 Nov. 1864, in Blair, ed., A Politician Goes to War, 211.
273. Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Mitgang, 198.
274. James M. Winchell, “Three Interviews with President Lincoln,” The Galaxy 16 (1873): 40.
275. CWL, 8:113.
276. Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, ed. Mitgang, 200.
277. Noah Brooks, Abraham Lincoln: The Nation’s Leader in the Great Struggle through which was Maintained the Existence of the United States (Washington, DC: National Tribune, 1909), 403.
278. Dispatch dated 10 September, London Daily News, 27 Sept. 1864, in Allan Nevins, The War for the Union (4 vols.; New York: Scribner, 1959–1971), 4:103, 141–142.
279. Washington correspondence, 2 Nov. 1863, 21 July 1862, New York Examiner, 5 Nov. 1863, 24 July 1862, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 185, 88.
280. Stowe in Littell’s Living Age, 6 Feb. 1864, 284.
281. Phillips to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 23 Apr. 1865, Ida Husted Harper Collection, CSmH.
282. Smith to Lydia Maria Child, 21 Nov. 1864, in Ralph Volney Harlow, Gerrit Smith, Philanthropist and Reformer (New York: H. Holt, 1939), 441.
283. Stone to an unidentified friend, 12 Dec. 1864, in Elinor Rice Hays, Morning Star: A Biography of Lucy Stone, 1818–1893 (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961), 183.
284. Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, New York, 9 Nov. 1864, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.
285. Child to Eliza Scudder, Wayland, Massachusetts, 14 Nov. 1864, Samuel J. May Antislavery Papers Collection, Cornell University.
286. Bradford Wood to Chase, Copenhagen, 29 Dec. 1864, Chase Papers, DLC.
287. Davis to S. F. Du Pont, 28 or 29 Sept. 1864, in Hayes, ed., Du Pont Letters, 3:392.
288. Conway’s article, Fraser’s Magazine, Jan. 1865, in Mary Elizabeth Burtis, Moncure Conway, 1832–1907 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1952), 116.
289. G. S. Hillard to J. F. Fisher, Boston, 21 Feb. 1865, Francis F. Hart Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania; C. H. Brainard to William Lloyd Garrison, Boston, 25 July 1864, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.
290. Grant to Stanton, City Point, 10 Nov. 1864, OR, I, 42, 3:581.
291. CWL, 8:326.
292. Thurlow Weed to Lincoln, New York, 4 Mar. 1865, AL MSS DLC.
293. Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed, 205–206.
Chapter 35. “Let the Thing Be Press
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1. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 76–77, 241 (entries for [July–Aug. 1863], 13 Oct. 1864).
2. John Jay to Chase, New York, 23 Nov. 1864, Chase Papers, DLC.
3. Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), 337.
4. Undated memo by Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar enclosed in Hoar to James Ford Rhodes, Concord, 9 Feb. 1894, Rhodes Papers, MHi.
5. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brown-sword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 2:182 (entry for 26 Nov. 1864).
6. Blair to John A. Andrew, Silver Spring, 19 Nov. 1864, Andrew Papers, MHi.
7. Montgomery Blair to E. D. Morgan, 20 Nov. 1864, Morgan Papers, New-York Historical Society, in Allan Nevins, The War for the Union (4 vols.; New York: Scribner, 1959–1971), 4:118; Charles A. Dana to James Shepherd Pike, Washington, 12 Dec. 1864, Pike Papers, University of Maine.
8. Howard K. Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866 (Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1930, vol. IV; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), 427–428 (entry for 22 Nov. 1864).
9. Coffey in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American Publishing Company, 1886), 197.
10. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols.; New York: Century, 1890), 9:392.
11. Sumner to Lincoln, Boston, 20 Nov. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
12. Colfax to Lincoln, South Bend, Indiana, 23 Oct. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
13. Colfax to Chase, Washington, 5 Dec. 1864, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
14. Albert Smith to Lincoln, Boston, 29 Nov. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
15. Beale ed., Welles Diary, 2:193 (entry for 6 Dec. 1864).
16. Ewing to Lincoln, Washington, 3 Dec. 1864, AL MSS DLC.
17. Henry Wilson interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Washington, 1 Apr. 1874, in Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 85.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 179
