Wondrous Beauty: The Life and Adventures of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte
Page 20
10 “filled with astonishment”: Ibid.
11 She engaged in battles: The Dialogue is lost.
12 “Her nature is suspicious”: Saffell, Bonaparte-Patterson Marriage, p. 233; Didier, Life and Letters, pp. 274, 277–78.
13 “She passed away quietly”: Didier, Life and Letters, pp. 277–80.
Conclusion “I Have Lived Alone and I Will Die Alone”
1 “I have lived”: Quoted in Helen Jean Burn, Betsy Bonaparte (Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2010), p. 246.
Epilogue The American Bonapartes
1 “an honest-to-goodness”: This and following quotes from “Charles J. Bonaparte, Founder of the FBI,” Italian Historical Society of America, accessed October 8, 2013, http://www.italianhistorical.org/page61.html.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Archives of Maryland, Sessions Laws, 1812
Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte Papers, Maryland Historical Society
Jerome Bonaparte Papers, Maryland Historical Society
William Patterson Papers, Maryland History Society
Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte Papers, Maryland Historical Society
Elbridge Gerry Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society
Papers of Dolley Madison, Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman
Books
Abrantes, Laure Junot. At the Court of Napoleon: Memoirs of the Duchesse d’Abrantes. Gloucestershire, U.K.: Windrush Press, 1991.
Allgor, Catherine. Parlor Politics: In Which the Ladies of Washington Help Build a City and a Government. Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2000.
Armstrong, Thomas. The Cabinet Career of Robert Smith, 1801–1811. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 1991.
_____. Politics, Diplomacy, and Intrigue in the Early Republic. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 1992.
Beirne, Francis F. The Amiable Baltimoreans. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.
Bierman, John. Napoleon III and His Carnival Empire. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.
Bishop, Joseph Bucklin. Charles Joseph Bonaparte: His Life and Public Services. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922.
Bourguignon-Frasseto, Claude. Betsy Bonaparte: The Belle of Baltimore. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2003.
Brooks, Geraldine. Dames and Daughters of the Young Republic. General Books, 2009.
Burn, Helen Jean. Betsy Bonaparte. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2010.
Callcott, Margaret Law, ed. Mistress of Riversdale: The Plantation Letters of Rosalie Stier Calvert, 1795–1821. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Davis, Matthew L. Memoirs of Aaron Burr, vol. 2. Charleston, S.C.: Nabu Press, 2010.
Davis, Richard Beale, ed. [Sir August John Foster, Bart.] Jefferson’s America: Notes on the United States of America. San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1954.
Didier, Eugene Lemoine. The Life and Letters of Madame Bonaparte. Chestnut Hill, Mass.: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005; replica of 1879 edition, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London.
Dixon, William Hepworth, ed. Lady Morgan Memoirs: Autobiography, Diaries and Correspondence, vol. 2. 2nd ed., London, 1863.
Ford, Paul Leicester, ed. The Works of Thomas Jefferson in Twelve Volumes. Vol. 10, Correspondence and Papers, 1803–1807. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904–5.
Foreman, Amanda. Georgiana: Duchess of Devonshire. New York: Random House, 2000.
Fraser, Flora. Pauline Bonaparte: Venus of Empire. New York: Knopf, 2009.
Goodman, Dena. The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Howland, Richard Hubbard. The Architecture of Baltimore. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1953.
Hunt, Gaillard, ed. The First Forty Years of Washington Society, Portrayed by the Family Letters of Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard) from the Collection of Her Grandson, J. Henley Smith. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1906.
Earl of Ilchester, ed. The Journal of the Hon. Henry Edward Fox, 1818–1830. London: Butterworth, 1923.
Jackson, Sir George. Diary and Letters of Sir George Jackson, 1809–1816. London, 1873, 2 vols.
Kale, Steven. French Salons: High Society and Political Stability from the Old Regime to the Revolution of 1848. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
Kircheisen, F. M. Memoirs of Napoleon the First. Compiled from His Writings. New York: Duffield & Company, 1929.
Madson, Axel. John Jacob Astor: America’s First Multimillionaire. New York: Wiley, 2001.
Mason, Amelia Ruth Gere. The Women of the French Salons. New York: Century, 1891.
McCartney, Clarence Edward, and Gordon Dorrance. The Bonapartes in America. Philadelphia: Dorrance & Company, 1939.
Mitchell, Sidney. A Family Lawsuit: The Romantic Story of Elisabeth Patterson and Jerome Bonaparte. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1958.
Oddie, E. M. The Bonapartes in the New World. London: Elkin Mathews and Marrot, 1932.
Pancake, John. Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business, 1782–1839. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1972.
Peacock, Virginia Tatnall. Famous American Belles of the Nineteenth Century. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press. Reissued, University, 2011.
Saffell, William Thomas Roberts. The Bonaparte-Patterson Marriage in 1803. General Books, 2009.
Sergeant, Philip Walsingham. Jerome Bonaparte: The Burlesque Napoleon; Being the Story of the Life and Kingship of the Youngest Brother of Napoleon the Great. Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 2005.
Sioussat, Annie Leakin. Old Baltimore. New York: Macmillan & Company, 1931.
Stowe, William W. Going Abroad: European Travel in Nineteenth Century American Culture. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994.
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_____. The Man Who Had Been King: The American Exile of Napoleon’s
Brother Joseph. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
Tucker, Spencer C., and Frank T. Reuter. Injured Honor: The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, June 22, 1807. Annapolis, Md.: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1996.
Wake, Jehanne. Sisters of Fortune: Marianne, Bess, Louisa, and Emily Caton, 1788–1874. London: Chatto & Windus, 2010.
Articles
Kilbride, Daniel. “Travel, Ritual, and National Identity: Planters on the European Tour, 1820–1860.” The Journal of Southern History 69, no. 3 (August 2003), 549–84.
Lewis, Charlene Boyer. “Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte: ‘Ill Suited for the Life of a Columbian’s Modest Wife.” Journal of Women’s History 18, no. 2 (2006), 33–62.
_____. “Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte: A Woman Between Two Worlds,” in L. Sadosky et al., Old World, New World: America and Europe in the Age of Jefferson. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.
Quynn, Dorothy MacKay. “The Marriage of Betsy Bonaparte and Jerome Bonaparte.” Unpublished manuscript, Maryland Historical Society.
_____. “The Truth About Betsy Patterson.” May 1953. Unpublished manuscript, Maryland Historical Society.
Sung, Carolyn Hoover. “Catherine Mitchill’s Letters from Washington, 1806–1812,” Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress 34 (July 1977), 182–84.
A Note About the Author
Carol Berkin received her A.B. from Barnard College and her M.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. She taught at Baruch College from 1972 to 2008 and has taught at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York since 1983. She is currently Baruch Presidential Professor of History. Berkin is the author of Civil War Wives, Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence, A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution, Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of an American Loyalist, and First Generations:
Women in Colonial America, and numerous articles and reviews. She lives in New York City and Guilford, Connecticut.
Other titles by Carol Berkin available in eBook format
Civil War Wives • 978-0-307-27293-5
Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence • 978-0-307-42749-6
For more information, please visit www.aaknopf.com
Betsy’s father, William Patterson, in his early thirties, by noted English artist Robert Edge Pine. Posed as a prosperous young merchant, Patterson joined General Horatio Gates, George II, and Maryland’s Charles Carroll as one of Pine’s elite subjects.
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
In 1806 Gilbert Stuart painted three aspects of the beautiful young Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte. Fifty years later, George D’Almaine created this pastel copy of Stuart’s famous portrait.
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Girolamo Buonaparte, born on the island of Corsica, later known as Jérôme Bonaparte, was the youngest brother of Napoleon I. This watercolor portrait of Jérôme in his naval uniform, painted by Francesco Emanuele Scotto, was probably completed in 1806, when Jérôme was twenty-one years old.
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Edward Patterson, brother of Betsy, painted by the self-taught artist William Edward West around 1839. Edward, born in 1789, was Betsy’s confidant and favorite sibling. Although a talented pianist, Edward gave up any musical ambition to join his father’s shipping business.
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Pauline Bonaparte, the Princess Borghese, the sister of Napoleon I and Jérôme Bonaparte, reputed to be the most beautiful woman in Europe as well as one of the most libertine. Born in 1780, she died in Rome at the age of forty-four of pulmonary tuberculosis.
(Photograph: Walter Marc. © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. Chateaux de Malmaison et Bois-Preau, Rueil-Malmaison, France)
Around 1817, Flemish painter and miniaturist François Kinsoen completed this oil painting of the thirty-two-year-old Betsy Bonaparte. Between 1808 and 1813, Kinsoen had been the official court painter for Betsy’s former husband, Jérôme, King of Westphalia.
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Jérôme Bonaparte at sixteen years old and beginning his career as an officer in the French navy. Oil portrait.
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Arthur Wellesley, first Duke of Wellington, was forty-five years old when Sir Thomas Lawrence painted this portrait in 1814, only a few months before the Battle of Waterloo.
(Wellington Museum, London)
Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte in his midforties. Daguerreotype, photographer unknown. “Bo” was born in England and grew up in Baltimore, where he lived until his death in 1870. In 1829 he married the heiress Susan May Williams. Their two sons, Jerome (known as Junior) and Charles, were Betsy’s only grandchildren. (Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, Jr., older son of Betsy’s only child, “Bo,” was around twenty when he sat for this portrait. He graduated from West Point Academy in 1852 but resigned his commission in 1854 and went on to serve with distinction in the army of his cousin, Napoleon III of France. (Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Charles Joseph Bonaparte and his wife, Ellen Channing Day Bonaparte
(Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society)
Jeanne-Françoise Julie Adélaïde Récamier was twenty-three when she sat for this uncompleted portrait by Jacques-Louis David in 1800. (The Louvre)
Jérôme Bonaparte.
Portrait by Sophie Lienard.
Also by Carol Berkin
Civil War Wives:
The Lives & Times of Angelina Grimké Weld,
Varina Howell Davis & Julia Dent Grant
Revolutionary Mothers:
Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence
A Brilliant Solution:
Inventing the American Constitution
First Generations:
Women in Colonial America
Jonathan Sewall:
Odyssey of an American Loyalist