The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King

by Mortimer, Ian

  WC: L. C. Hector & Barbara Harvey, The Westminster Chronicle 1381–1394 (Oxford, 1982)

  J. Webb (ed.), ‘Metrical History’, Archaeologia, 20 (1824), pp. 13–239

  Nigel Wilkins, ‘Music and poetry at court: England and France in the Late Middle Ages’, in EEC, pp. 183–204

  B. Wilkinson, ‘The Deposition of Richard II and the Accession of Henry IV’, EHR, 54 (1939), pp. 215–39

  Benjamin Williams (ed.), Chronicque de la Traïson et Mort de Richart Deux Roy Dengleterre (1846)

  George Williams (ed.), Official Correspondence of Thomas Bekyngton (2 vols, 1872)

  Edmund Wright, ‘Henry IV, the Commons and the recovery of royal finance in 1407’, in Rowena Archer and Simon Walker (eds), Rulers and Ruled in Late Medieval England (1995), pp. 71–80

  H. G. Wright, ‘Richard II and the Death of the Duke of Gloucester’, EHR, 47 (1932), pp. 276–80

  H. G. Wright, ‘The Protestation of Richard II in the Tower in September, 1399’, BJRL, 23 (1939), pp. 151–65

  Thomas Wright (ed.), Political Poems and Songs Relating to English History (2 vols, 1859–61)

  Wylie: James Hamilton Wylie, A History of England under Henry the Fourth (4 vols, 1884–98)

  James Hamilton Wylie, ‘Dispensation of John XXIII for a son of Henry IV “propter defectum natalium”’, EHR, 19 (1904), pp. 96–7

  Alfred Benjamin Wyon and Allan Wyon, The Great Seals of England (1887)

  INDEX

  The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.

  Dates in brackets after the name relate to lifespan; dates after titles and offices relate to date of entitlement or appointment; date spans are only given for those whose title or office proved to be temporary.

  Abergavenny: 236

  Aberystwyth: 284, 314, 319, 328

  Abingdon: 277, 288, 289

  Abyssinia, emperor of: 111

  Ackroyd, Peter, biographer: 10

  Acre: 89

  Aderstone, John: 409

  Adriatic: 109

  Agincourt, battle of (1415): 165, 198, 274

  Alayn, John: 407

  Albany, duke of: see Stewart, Robert

  Albert III (1349–1395), duke of Austria (1365): 108, 109

  Albertini, the: 110

  Alcobasso, Pietro d’, physician: 383, 443

  Aleyn, John: 407

  Algezir: 127

  Allerthorpe, Lauence (d. 1406?), canon of London, treasurer (1401–2): 237, 241, 248

  Allerton: 294

  Alnwick: 304

  Alps, the: 108

  Amiens: 103

  Angouleme: 256

  Annandale: 53

  Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394), queen of England (1382): 6, 42, 55, 99, 102, 106, 107, 117, 121, 125, 128, 136, 144, 219, 359, 394, 403

  Anne of Burgundy (1404–1432), daughter of duke of Burgundy: 342

  annuities: see Henry IV

  antipope: see Benedict XIII; John XXIII

  Appellants: see Lords Appellant, Counter-Appellants

  Appleby: 80

  Appleton, William: 14, 18

  Aquitaine: see Gascony

  Aquitaine, dukes of: John of Gaunt; Louis of France; prince of: see Edward of Woodstock

  Aragon: 341, 439

  archers, archery: 14, 16, 18, 95, 97, 227, 253, 266, 292, 341, 375, 409; see also Cheshire archers

  Ardres: 134, 245

  Armagh, archbishop of: see Colton, John

  Armagnacs: 337, 341, 346, 439; see also Charles, duke of Orléans

  armour: 15, 29, 42, 56, 74, 82, 88, 92, 99, 103, 117, 155, 156, 206, 253, 273, 292, 398, 403

  Arneswald: 106

  Arnoldstein: 108

  Arthur, legendary king of Britain: 21, 22, 231

  Arthur (1187–1203), duke of Brittany (1187): 30, 389, 417

  Arundel: 409

  Arundel, countess of: see Mortimer, Philippa; earls of: see Fitzalan

  Arundel, Joan (d. 1419), countess of Hereford (1361): 26, 39, 64, 102, 118, 208, 370, 403

  Arundel, John (1364–1390), Lord Arundel (1379): 26, 33

  Arundel, Sir Richard (d. 1419), chamber knight: 327

  Arundel, Thomas (d. 1413), bishop of Ely (1373–88), archbishop of York (1388–96), archbishop of Canterbury (1396–7, 1399–1414), chancellor (1386–9, 1391–6, 1407–10, 1412–3): 26, 64, 66, 67, 70, 76, 83, 99, 136, 140, 144, 179, 182, 187, 195, 197, 203, 204, 206, 207, 233, 236, 247, 254, 280, 282, 286, 287, 295, 322, 329, 331, 346, 347, 356, 361, 367, 416, 427, 437; arguments with Prince Henry, and with Bishop Beaufort: 313, 327, 334, 344, 346, 347, 437; as chancellor (1407–9): 312, 321, 327, 335, 434; as chancellor (1411–13): 341, 437; as executor of Henry’s two wills (1409, 1413): 324, 350; dispute with the University of Oxford: 335, 339, 437; in exile (1397–9): 168, 169

  Aston, Sir Richard: 292

  astrolabe: 154, 302

  Auberoche, battle of (1345): 23

  Aubridgecourt: see d’Aubridgecourt

  Audley, Lady: see Beaumont, Elizabeth

  Aumale, dukes of: see Edward of York; Thomas of Woodstock

  Austria: 105, 111; duke of: see Albert III

  Avignon: 247, 254

  Avon, River: 315

  Aylesbury: 249

  Bablock Hythe: 74

  Babraham: 377

  Bache, Simon: 64, 395

  Badby, John (d. 1410), heretic: 236, 331, 423, 443

  Baginton: 156, 276

  Bagot, Sir William (d. 1407): 76, 81, 143, 149, 150, 156, 162, 163, 168, 199, 368, 384, 398, 399, 411, 414

  Balquet, Thomas: 400

  Balshalf, William: 249, 250

  Baltic Sea: 94, 105

  Bamburgh: 99

  Banbury: 72, 73, 397

  Bangor: 227; bishops of: see Byford, Llywelyn; Nicholls, Benedict

  Bardney Abbey: 46, 303, 309, 324, 377, 431

  Bardolf, Sir Robert: 49

  Bardolph, Thomas (d. 1408), Lord Bardolph (1386–1406): 293, 304, 310, 319, 320

  Barley: 377

  Bate, Thomas: 391

  Bath, Order of the: 194

  Bath and Wells, bishop of: see Bowet, Henry

  Battlefield Church: see Shrewsbury

  Bayezid (d. 1403), sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1389): 131, 135, 162, 231

  Bealknap, Robert (d. 1401), justice: 69, 77

  Beauchamp, John (c. 1319–1388), lord of Holt (1327), Lord Beauchamp, baron of Kidderminster (1387): 49, 66, 78, 82, 83, 398

  Beauchamp, Richard (1382–1439), earl of Warwick (1401): 277, 334, 342, 439

  Beauchamp, Roger: 90

  Beauchamp, Thomas (1314–1369), earl of Warwick (1315): 40, 90

  Beauchamp, Thomas (d. 1401), earl of Warwick (1369): 26, 52, 70, 74, 82, 90, 94, 102, 119, 139, 142, 144, 145, 189, 194, 199, 201, 202, 205, 399, 409, 421; see also Lords Appellant

  Beauchamp, William (d. 1411), Lord Beauchamp of Bergavenny (1392): 90, 202

  Beaufort, Henry (d. 1447), bishop of Lincoln (1398–1404), bishop of Winchester (1404), chancellor (1403–5), later cardinal (1426): 28, 133, 177, 254, 259, 260, 261, 278, 280, 282, 287, 313, 317, 322, 328, 329, 331, 334, 338, 340, 342, 436; arguments with Archbishop Arundel: see Arundel, Thomas; arguments with nephew: see Thomas of Lancaster

  Beaufort, Joan (d. 1440), countess of Westmorland (1396): 28, 102, 133, 313

  Beaufort, John (d. 1410), earl of Somerset (1397), marquis of Dorset (1397–9): 28, 45, 61, 76, 88, 89, 133, 142, 145, 151, 176, 194, 203, 205, 227, 247, 254, 259, 282, 287, 289, 313, 317, 327, 333, 338, 411; see also Counter-Appellants; deprived of marquisate (1399): 204

  Beaufort, Thomas (d. 1426), earl of Dorset (1412), chancellor (1410–11), later duke of Exeter (1416): 28, 117, 133, 295, 296, 313, 329, 331, 338, 343

  Beaumaris Castle: 178

  Beaumont, Elizabeth (d. 1400), Lady Audley of Heleigh (1386): 118

  Beaumont, Isabella (d. 1361), countess
(later duchess) of Lancaster: 25

  Beaumont, John (d. 1396), Lord Beaumont (1369): 33, 80, 81, 86, 87, 99

  Beaumont, Henry (d. 1413), Lord Beaumont (1396): 332

  Bedford: 175

  Benedict XIII (c. 1328–1423), antipope (1394), prev known as Pedro de Luna: 247

  Berck: 346

  Bergavenny, Lord: see Beauchamp, William

  Bergerac, battle of (1345): 23

  Berkeley Castle: 175, 176, 200, 416

  Berkeley, Thomas (1353–1417), Lord Berkeley (1361): 175, 208, 254

  Berkhamsted: 291, 328, 381, 426, 430

  Bernard, John: 249, 250, 409

  Berners, Sir James (1348–1388): 78, 398

  Berry, duke of: see John

  Berwick: 226, 295, 303, 304, 321, 347

  Berwick Field (near Shrewsbury): 268

  Betrayal and Death of Richard II, The (Chronicque de la Traïson et Mori de Richart Deux Roy Dengleterre): 212, 215

  Beverley: 117, 380, 405

  bezoar: 147, 302

  Biggs, Douglas, historian: 8, 380, 434

  Billingford, James: 201

  Bingley, William, minstrel: 347, 407

  biography: 4, 7

  Birdsnest Lodge: 321

  Bishopthorpe: 58, 295, 296, 314, 380, 435

  Blackheam: 14, 230, 260

  Blanche of Brittany (c. 1396–1418): 259

  Blanche of Lancaster (d. 1368), duchess of Lancaster (1362): 24, 25, 29, 39, 40, 44, 121, 163, 386, 390, 425

  Blanche of Lancaster (d. 1380), Lady Wake (1316): 26, 27

  Blanche of Lancaster (1392–1409): 99, 116, 231, 245, 247, 261, 326, 359, 372

  Blanchet, Pierre: 211, 213

  Blaye: 317

  Blockley: 73

  Blount, Sir Thomas (d. 1400): 82, 206, 209, 419

  Blount, Sir Walter (d. 1403): 269, 272, 273, 428, 442

  Blowet, Hugh: 241

  Blyth: 379

  Bodmin: 259

  Boemius: 114

  Bohemia: 87, 88, 105, 111; king of: see Wenceslas

  Bohun, Eleanor (d. 1399), countess of Buckingham (1377), duchess of Gloucester (1385): 39, 101, 102, 118, 130, 138, 371, 403, 441

  Bohun, Humphrey (1342–1373), earl of Hereford (1361): 26, 39, 90, 94

  Bohun, Humphrey (1382–1399), duke of Gloucester (1397): 42, 168, 371

  Bohun, Mary (c. 1369–1394), countess of Derby (1381): 6, 26, 39, 44, 46, 47, 62, 64, 69, 71, 76, 80, 92, 94, 99, 101, 116, 120, 127, 138, 159, 182, 260, 356, 365, 370, 372, 392, 395, 401, 402, 405, 406, 413, 441, 443, 444

  Boke of Nurture: 127

  Bolingbroke: 19, 25, 92, 93

  Bologna: 383

  Bolton, John: 400

  Boniface IX (1356–1404), pope (1389), prev known as Piero Tomacelli: 85, 133, 134, 150, 247

  books: 40, 41, 45, 46, 50, 128, 220, 224, 309, 322, 392, 413

  Bordeaux: 19, 26, 29, 128, 256

  Boroughbridge, battle of (1322): 20

  Boston: 92, 93

  Boucicaut: see Maingre, Jean le

  Boulogne: 170

  Bourbon, duchess of: see Mary of Berry; duke of: see Louis

  Bourchier, John (d. 1400), Lord Bourchier (1349): 99

  Bourg: 317, 318

  Bourges: 346

  Bourton-on-the-Hill: 73

  Bowet, Henry (d. 1423), bishop of Bath and Wells (1401–7), archbishop of York (1407), treasurer (1402): 160, 241, 248, 255, 331, 336, 341, 343, 350, 439

  Brabant, duke of: see John III

  Bradmore, John (d. 1412), surgeon: 383

  Bradon: 124

  Brailes: 73

  Bramham Moor, battle of (1408): 320, 321, 381

  Brandenburg: 94

  Braniewo: 94

  Brantingham, Thomas (d. 1394), bishop of Exeter (1370): 55

  Braybrooke, Robert (d. 1404), bishop of London (1381): 204, 254

  Brecon, lordship of: 89, 277

  Brentford: 147, 151, 411

  Brembre, Sir Nicholas (d. 1388): 71, 72, 77, 78, 102

  Breslau: 106

  Brétigny, Treaty of (1360): 21

  Breux, Sir John: 90

  Brian, Sir Guy (d. 1386): 49

  Bridlington Priory: 172, 173, 380

  Bridport: 260

  Brigstock Park: 125

  Brinton, Thomas (d. 1389), bishop of Rochester (1373): 14

  Bristol: 153, 175, 176, 207, 227, 236, 277, 328, 331, 411

  Brittany, Bretons: 29, 170, 245, 259, 277, 341, 425, 439; duke of: see Montfort, John de; duchess of: see joan of Navarre

  Broadwell: 73

  Brother, John: 407

  Brounflete, Sir Thomas (d. 1430), controller of the household (1401–3), treasurer of the household (1408–13): 234

  Brown, Alfred Lawson, historian: 8

  Bruce: see Robert I

  Bruges: 30

  Brunswick, duke of: see Otto

  Brut, The: 22, 212, 263, 271, 374

  Bryn Glas, battle of (1402): 251

  Brynsford: 391

  Bubwith, Nicholas (d. 1424), Henry’s secretary (1402), keeper of the privy seal (1405—6), bishop of London (1406–7), bishop of Bam and Wells (1407): 331, 334, 341

  Buckingham, earl of: see Thomas of Woodstock; countess of: see Bohun, Eleanor

  Bucton, Sir Peter: 94, 104, 108, 109, 199, 215, 401, 421

  Burbach, John: 188

  Burghersh, Sir Barmolomew: 22, 389

  Burgundians: see John the Fearless

  Burgundy, duchess of: see Margaret of Flanders; duke of: see Philip the Bold; John the Fearless

  Burley, Sir Simon (d. 1388): 48, 54, 66, 78, 138, 144, 148, 391, 398; failed creation as earl of Huntingdon: 58, 60, 61

  Burnell, Sir Hugh (d. 1420), Lord Burnell (1383): 227, 228, 334

  Burton, Thomas: 13, 29

  Burton-on-Trent: 266, 378, 379, 426

  Bury St Edmunds: 124, 250, 377

  Bussy, Sir John (d. 1399): 118, 134, 140, 150, 151, 176

  Buder, James (d. 1405), earl of Ormond (1382): 60

  Buder, James (1392–1452), earl of Ormond (1405): 345

  Butterwick, John: 16

  Buxeille, Alan: 391

  Byford, Llywelyn, bishop of Bangor (c. 1405–8): 291, 320

  Byzantium, emperor of: see Manuel II

  Calais: 26, 29, 35, 53, 89, 91, 100, 103, 125, 133, 134, 138, 139, 143, 145, 153, 155, 160, 200, 201, 203, 216, 232, 242, 245, 246, 254, 292, 307, 310, 313, 329, 337, 346, 347, 403, 408, 410, 415, 418, 424

  Calder: 380

  Calf, John: 250

  Calverley, John (d. 1403): 442

  Cambridge: 45, 249, 336, 399; see also parliaments

  Cambridge, countess of: see Isabella of Castile; earl of: see Edmund of Langley

  cannon: see guns and gunpowder

  Canterbury: 13, 14, 111, 116, 129, 302, 342, 346, 350; archbishops of: see Arundel, Thomas; Courtenay William; Sudbury, Simon; Walden, Roger; Cathedral: 197, 323, 333, 360, 385; chapel of St Edward the Confessor at: 324, 325, 359; duke of: see Edmund of Langley

  Canterbury Tales: 127

  Capgrave, John (1393–1464), prior of Lynn (1453): 46, 79, 268, 349, 350, 356, 374

  Cardiff: 207, 277, 289

  Cardigan: 240, 242

  Carinthia: 108

  Carlisle, bishop of: see Merks, Thomas

  Carmarthen: 177, 276, 277, 305

  Carnarvon Castle: 178, 227, 242, 277

  Castile: 14, 21, 27, 61, 62, 72, 84, 87, 89, 105, 159, 170, 384; kings of: see Enrique de Trastámara; John of Gaunt; Pedro the Cruel

  Castle Rising: 377

  Catalina (d. 1418), queen of Castile (1388): 28, 84, 162, 197

  Catterick, John (d. 1419), later bishop of St David’s (1414–15), bishop of Lichfield (1415–19) and bishop of Exeter (1419): 318

  Cawood: 315, 380, 435

  Challoners (Chalons), Robert (d. 1444), chamber knight: 160

  chancellors under Richard II: see Arundel, Thomas; de la Pole, Michael; Scrope, Richard; Stafford, Edmund; Sudbury, Simon

  chanc
ellors under Henry IV: see Arundel, Thomas; Beaufort, Henry; Beaufort, Thomas; Langley, Thomas; Scarle, John; Stafford, Edmund

  Channel, the: 56, 103, 138

  Charlemagne: 231

  Charles II, ‘the Bad’ (1332–1387), king of Navarre (1349): 245

  Charles III (1361–1425), king of Navarre (1387): 138, 259

  Charles VI (1368–1422), king of France (1380): 89, 90, 103, 117, 118, 133, 160, 161, 163, 169, 180, 210, 211, 213, 218, 229, 230, 242, 247, 249, 342, 421

  Charles (1394–1465), duke of Orléans (1407): 285, 337, 346

  Charlton, John (1362–1401), Lord Charlton (1374): 240

  Chateau Neuf, lord of: 284

  Chaucer, Geoffrey (d. 1400), poet: 24, 25, 27, 45, 127, 177, 182, 315, 360, 418

  Chaucer, Philippa (d. 1387?): 27

  Chaucer, Sir Thomas (d. 1434), speaker, chief butler (1402–13): 315, 316, 330, 339

  Chelmeswyk, Richard: 151

  Cheltenham: 289

  Chertsey: 326

  Cheshire archers: 123, 139, 174, 177, 189, 190, 266, 268, 270, 271, 272, 274, 375, 409

  Cheshire Rising: 117, 123, 124

  Chester: 72, 73, 178, 201, 227, 238, 252, 266

  Cheyne, Sir John: 311, 327

  Chichele, Henry (d. 1443), bishop of St David’s (1408), later archbishop of Canterbury (1414): 331, 334

  Chipping Camden: 73

  Chipping Norton: 73

  Chirkland: 226

  Chivalry, Court of: 153, 241

  Chronicque de la Traïson et Mori de Richart Deux Roy Dengleterre: see Betrayal and Death of Richard II, The

  Cistercians, the: 284

  Cirencester: 208, 259, 318, 434

  Clanvowe, Sir John (c. 1341–1391): 391

  Clarence, dukes of: see Lionel of Antwerp; Thomas of Lancaster

  Clarendon, Sir Roger (d. 1402): 250, 259

  Clarendon Palace: 259, 399

  Clerkenwell: 15, 16, 326

  Cleveland: 294

  Clifford, Louis: 391

  Clifford, Richard (d. 1421), keeper of the privy seal (1397–1401), bishop of Worcester (1401–7), bishop of London (1407): 205, 331, 346

  Clifford, Thomas (d. 1391), Lord Clifford (1389): 86, 87, 99, 404

  Clifford, Sir William: 285, 294

  Clifton, Sir John (d. 1403): 94, 95, 402, 442

  Clifton, Nicholas: 123, 124, 400

  Clifton, Thomas: 400

  Clipstone: 392

  clock, portable: 92

  close stools: 128

  cloth, clothes: 15, 41, 76, 79, 80, 122, 127, 128, 133, 142, 156, 188, 194, 232, 345, 347, 386, 398, 444

  Cobham, John (d. 1408), Lord Cobham (1355): 102, 142, 144, 145, 150, 189, 201, 410

  Cockayne, John (d. 1403): 442

  Cockermouth Castle: 303