History of the Jews
Page 90
Habiru
Hadera
Hadrian, Emperor
Haganah
Haggai
Hagiogrpha (Ketuvim)
Haifa
Hakamim
halakhah
Halévy, Jacques
Hammerstein, Oscar, I and II
Hammurabi
Hanukkah, Feast of
Harden, Maximilian
Harding, G. L.
Harnack, Adolf von
hasidim, Hasidism
haskalah, Jewish enlightenment
Hasmonean family (Maccabees)
Hazor
Hebrew (language)
Hebrew Union College
‘Hebrews’
Hebron
Hecataeus of Abdera
Hegel, G. W. F.
He-Halutz bureau
Heine, Heinrich
Hellman, Lillian
Henry, Jacob
Heraclitus
Heraclius, Emperor
heresies, Christian
Herod Agrippa
Herod Antipas
Herod the Great
Herodium
Herschel, Abraham Joshua
Herzl, Theodor
Hess, Moses
heter iskah
Heydrich, Reinhard
Hiddushim
Hijaz
Hilberg, Raul
Hilferding, Rudolf
Hillel the Elder (Hillel the Babylonian)
Hillesum, Ettie
Himmler, Heinrich
Hiram, King, of Tyre
Hirsch, Baron Maurice de
Hirsch, Rabbi Samson Raphael
Hirsch, Rabbi Samuel
Hirschel, Hans
Hisdai ibn Shaprut
Histadrut
Hitler, Adolf; orders destruction of Heine’s grave; Lippmann’s view of; his anti-Semitism passim; becomes Chancellor; war a product of his anti-Semitism; and Mussolini; see also Holocaust; Nazis
Hittites
Hiya Rabbah, Rabbi
Hobson, J. A.
Hochberg, Karl
Hoddis, Jacob von
Holdheim, Rabbi Samuel
Holocaust, Final Solution; planned by Hitler; German people’s knowledge of, acquiescence in; Jews worked to death; German industrialists and; Jews systematically killed; first gas chamber; mobile killing groups; death camps; Christian churches and; numbers of those killed; Austrians and; Rumanians and; French and; Italian resistance to; unsuccessful in parts of occupied Europe; Allied governments and; lack of resistance from Jews; Jews of all ages and conditions killed; final stage of; anti-Semitic reactions to; punishment and restitution; state of Israel and; Soviet-Arab attitude to
Homberg, Napthali Herz
Hong Kong
Horowitz, Isaiah ben Abraham ha-Levi
Hosea
Höss, Rudolf
Hungary, Jews in; in Budapest; immigration to Israel from
Hurrians (Horites)
Husaini, Haji Amin al- (Grand Mufti of Jerusalem)
Hyrcanus, John
Hyrcanus II
Ibn Ezra, Abraham
Ibn Shaprut, Hisdai, see Hisdai ibn Shaprut
Ibn Verga, Solomon
Ibn Yahya, Rabbi Joseph
Idumaea
imprisonment
India: immigration to Israel from; Jews in
Innocent III, Pope
Inquisition, Spanish
Iran/Persia (ancient state), see Persia
Iran/Persia (modern state); immigration to Israel from; Jews in
Iraq; immigration to Israel from
Irgun
Isaac (son of Abraham)
Isaac ben Samuel
Isaac the Blind
Isaacs, Sir Rufus
Isabella, Queen, of Castile
Isaiah
Ishmael
Islam, Moslems
Isocrates
Israel, Israelites (ancient people); religion, see Judaism; twelve tribes of; not all Israelites went to Egypt; Exodus from Egypt; Mosaic legal material; both spiritually advanced and primitive; new kind of society: theocracy; conquest of Canaan completed; and kingship; two kingdoms, northern and southern; lost tribes of; see also Jews
Israel (modern state): creation of (see also Zionism); War of Independence; and Arab refugees; frontiers; Jewish immigration to; religious/secular conflict in; origins of; Nasser and Sinai War; Six Day War; Sadat and Yom Kippur War; American support for; political divisions; peace with Egypt; and Hebrew language; education in; marriage in; pursuit of war criminals; population in 1980s; French Jews and; as armed refuge
Israel, Jonathan
Italy: Jews in; Second World War; post-war Jewish population; see also Venice
Ivan IV, Tsar, ‘the Terrible’
Jabneh (Jamnia)
Jabotinsky, Vladimir
Jacob (patriarch)
Jacob ben Asher
Jael
Jaffa
Jamaica, Jews in
James (brother of Jesus)
James I, King, of Aragon
Janua, Peter de
Jason (high-priest)
Jaspers, Karl
Jebusites
Jefferson, Thomas
Jehiel, Rabbi
Jehoiada
Jehoiakim
Jehu, son of Nimshi
Jephthah
Jeremiah
Jericho
Jeroboam
Jerome, St
Jerusalem: captured from Jebusites by David; Temple, see Temple; Solomon’s building works; northerners resettled in, after Assyrian conquest; refortified by Hezekiah; captured by Babylonians; rebuilt after Babylonian exile; population, in third century BC; Hellenization; religious mob; Herod and; revolt of 66 AD; revolt of 132 AD; Hadrian’s rebuilding; Babylonian Jews and; occupied by Persians, then Moslems; population growth in nineteenth century; captured by Allenby in 1918; UN partition plan of 1947; captured by Arab Legion in 1948; Old City captured by Israel in 1967; Camp David proposals; population (late twentieth century)
Jerusalem, Grand Mufti of, see Husaini
Jesus Christ
Jethro
Jewish Agency
Jewish Brigade
Jewish Colonization Association
Jewish Historical Documentation Centre
Jewish Resistance Movement
Jewish Theological Seminary
Jews; Ashkenazi; as businessmen, see money and trade; city dwellers; education, scholarship, see education and scholarship; elect nation; history written by; identity preserved by writings; literature; as migrants, settlers; name for ancestors of; origin of; persecution of, see anti-Semitism; population figures: Herodian period, tenth century, nineteenth century, 1980s; and radical politics; Sephardi; tenacity; three centres; Zionist definition of a Jew; see also Israel; Judaism
Jezebel
jihad
Job
Joel
Johanan ben Torta, Rabbi
Johanan ben Zakkai, Rabbi
John
John the Baptist
John of Capistrano
John Paul II, Pope
Jonah
Jonathan (high-priest)
Jordan; see also Transjordan
Joseph (son of Jacob)
Joseph (tax-farmer)
Joseph II, Emperor
Joseph ben Issac Sambari, see Sambari
Joseph ibn Awkal
Josephus; on Herod’s Temple; supposed deletions from MSS; mentioned
Joshua
Josiah, King, of Judah
Jost, Issac Marcus
Judah (southern kingdom)
Judah, the Galilean
Judah ha-Kohen ben Joseph
Judah Halevi
Judah Ha-Nasi, Rabbi
Judah of Regensburg
Judaism, Jewish religion (for convenience, the religion of the Jews and that of the ancient Israelites are treated here as one); Abraham as founder of; monotheistic, see also God; two salient characteristics of; sanctity of human life; ra
tionalism in; conservative/ revolutionary; rejection of images, idols; and the state; martyrdom, martyrologies; individual accountability; feasts; inaugurated by Ezra; holy writings; homogeneous and rigorous, after establishment of canon; sectarianism in; reform party in, defeated by Maccabees; death, judgement afterlife; and Christianity; ceases to be national religion, becomes inward-looking cathedocracy; central ethical precept; rejects asceticism; dissentient opinion majorities; man’s physical and moral freedom; communal obligations; repentance and atonement; peace, non-violence; dogmatic theology eschewed; creeds; emphasis on work; irrationalist tradition; see also kabbalah magic and mysticism; medieval; angels and devils; and gentile culture; Reform Judaism; ritual in; perfectionist; see also Bible; Law; Mishnah; rabbis; Talmud; Torah; synagogue
Judas of Gamala
Judas the Maccabee
Judensau
Judges
Judith
Julian, Emperor
Julius III, Pope
Jung, C. G.
Justin, St (Justin Martyr)
Justinian, Emperor
kabbalah, passim
Kadesh
Kafka, Franz
Kairouan
Kalischer, Rabbi Zevi Hirsch
Kalm, Peter
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst
Kappler, Herbert
Karaites
Katz, Sam
Kaufmann, Yechezkel
Kefar Tavor
Kenyon, Kathleen
Kerchemish, battle of
Kerensky, A. F.
Kern, Jerome
Ketuvim (Hagiographa)
Khazars
Khomeini, Ayatollah
Khrushchev, Nikita
kibbutzim
Kierkegaard, Sören
Kiev
King David Hotel
Kings
Kinneret
Kish
Kisling, Moise
Kitchener, Lord
Knights of St John
Knights Templar
Koestler, Arthur
Kohler, Rabbi Kaufmann
Kook, Rabbi Abraham Isaac
Koran
Kovno
Kraus, Karl
Kristallnacht
Krochmal, Nachman
Krupp, Alfred
Ku-Klux Klan
Kun, Bela
kuppah
La Motta, Jacob de, see Motta
La Peyrère, Isaac
Laban
Labour Party, Zionist/Israeli (Mapai)
Lachish
Ladino
Laemmle, Carl
Lagarde, Paul de
Lamentations
Land of Israel movement
Lansdowne, Marquess of
Lasker, Eduard
Lasky, Jesse
Lassalle, Ferdinand
Latvia
Lavater, Johan Caspar
Law, the; legal systems before Moses; dietary; reform movement and; Oral, see also Mishnah; Jesus and; Luke and; Maimonides and; Moses Mendelssohn and; see also Torah
Lawrence, T. E.
Lazare, Bernard
Lazarus, Emma
League of the French Fatherland
Leah (wife of Jacob)
Lebanon
Leeser, Rabbi Isaac
Leghorn (Livorno)
Lehmann, John
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von
Lenin
Leningrad
Lessing, Gotthold
Levi ben Gershom
Leviticus
Libya, immigration to Israel from
Liebermann, Max
Likud
Lilienthal, Max
Lincoln
Lipchitz, Jacques
Lipman, V. D.
Lippmann, Walter
Lithuania, Jews in; see also Vilna
Lloyd George, David passim
Lodz
Loew, Rabbi Judah, Maharal of Prague
Loew, Marcus
London, Jews in
Lopez, Manasseh
Los Angeles
Louis IX, King, of France
Louis XIV, King of France
Louis XVI, King of France
Lublin, Sigmund
Lucena
Lueger, Karl
Luke
Luria, Isaac ben Solomon
Luther, Martin
Luxemburg, Rosa
Luzzatto, Moses Hayyim
Luzzatto, Simhah
Lydda
Maccabaeus, Simon
Maccabees (apocryphal book)
Maccabees (Jewish family), see Hasmonean family
Maccoby, Hyam
MacDonald, James Ramsay
Machado, Antonio Alvarez
Machaerus
Machpelah, Cave of
magic
Mahler, Gustav
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon); his thirteen articles; Commentary on the Mishnah; Guide of the Perplexed; other writings; mentioned
Maimonides, Abraham
Maimonides, David
Majdanek
Malachi
Mallowan, Sir Max
Malta
mamram
Manasseh ben Israel
Manetho
Mapai, see Labour Party
Marconi case
Margherians
Mari (Tell Harari)
Maria Theresa, Empress
Mariamne
Marissa
Mark
Marr, Wilhelm
marranos (conversos)
marriage
Marx, Karl
Marx Brothers
Masada
maskilim
masoretes, Masoretic text
Matthew
Matthias, Emperor
Maurras, Charles
Maximilian II, Emperor
Mayer, Louis B.
Medina
Megiddo
Megillot (Canticles)
Meighen, Arthur
Meir, Rabbi
Meir, Golda
Meisel, Marcus
Melanchthon, Philip
Méliès, Georges
Menahemya
Mendelssohn, Felix
Mendelssohn, Moses
Menelaus (high-priest)
Meneptah
Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare)
Meshuararim
Mesopotamia; see also Assyria; Babylon
Messiah, messianism: Jesus as Messiah; in Judaism; in kabbalah; in ghetto folklore; Shabbetean movement; Zionist ideal distinguished
Metullah
Mexico, Jews in
Meyerbeer, Giacomo
Miami
Micah
midrash
Milhaud, Darius
Mintz, Abraham
Mishnah
Mizpah
Mizrachi
Moab
modern movement
Modigliani, Amedeo
Mohammed
Molcho, Solomon
Mommsen, Theodor
monasticism
money, finance, banking; moneylending, usury
monotheism, see under Judaism
Montagu, Edwin
Montaigne, Michel de
Montefiore, Sir Moses
Montreal
Morning Post
Morocco, Jews of
Moscow
Moses; and the Exodus; as central figure in Jewish history; Greeks and; and early anti-Semitism; his law code; his covenant with God; and Joshua; Maimonides on
Moses ben Shem Tov
moshavot
Moslems, see Islam
Motta, Jacob de la
‘Mountain Jews’
Moyne, Lord
Münster, Sebastian
music, Jews and
Mussolini, Benito
mysticism
nabhi, meaning of; see also prophets
Nablus
Nahmanides
Nahrai ben Nissim
Nahum
Naples
Napoleon
Nass
er, Gamal Abdul
Nathan of Gaza
Naumann, Dr Max
Nazarites
Nazis (National Socialist Workers Party); in Second World War; trials of; Arabs and; see also Hitler; Holocaust
Nebuchadnezzar
Negev, archaeology in
Nehemiah
Nero, Emperor
Netherlands, Jews in; Amsterdam
New Year
New York
Nice
Nicholas I, Tsar
Nieto, David
Nietzsche, F. W.
Nippur
Nixon, Richard M.
Noah
Noah, Mordecai
Nobel prizes
Nordau, Max
Norsa, Immanuel ben Noah Raphael da
North America, see United States
Norway, Jews in
Norwich
Noth, M.
Numbers
Numenius of Apamea
Nuremberg Decrees
Nuremberg trials
Nuzi
Obadiah
Odessa
Offenbach, Jacques
oil, Middle Eastern
Old Testament
Olympic Games (ancient)
Olympic Games (modern)
Omri, House of
Oppenheimer, David
Oppenheimer, Joseph
Oppenheimer, Samuel
Opper de Blowitz, Adolphe
Origen
Original Sin
Ottoman Empire, see Turkey
Oxford
Pale of Settlement
Palestine: archaeology of; homeland for Israelites in Egypt; geographical variety; origin of name in Philistine settlement; Hellenization; end of stable Jewish rule in; Jews’ claim on; Jewish academies in; Persian invasion; impoverished during Dark Ages; Jewish immigration to, colonies in; as Jewish national home; Jews in, at time of Balfour Declaration; British mandate; see also Canaan; Israel; Jerusalem; Jews; Zionism
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Paley, William
Palmer, Mitchell
Palmerston, Lord
pantheism
Paris
Parrot, A.
Parthians
Pascin, Jules
Passfield, Lord
Passover
patriarchs
Paul, St
Paul III, Pope
Paul IV, Pope
Peel, Lord, Peel Commission
Pellepoix, Darquier de
Pentateuch
Pentecost
Peoples of the Sea
Pereira, Jacob
Peres, Shimon
Persia (ancient)
Persia (Sassanid)
Persia (modern), see Iran
Perushim
Petah Tikva
‘Peter, Gospel of’
Peter V, King, of Aragon
Peter de Janua, see Janua
Pharisees; Jesus and
Philadelphia (America)
Philadelphia (Amman)
Philip II, King, of Spain
Philistines
Philo Judaeus; mentioned
Phocas, Emperor
Pico della Mirandola, Count Giovanni
Pinsker, Leon