Curveball: The Remarkable Story of Toni Stone The First Woman to Play Professional Baseball in the Negro League
Page 31
Weaver, Mike. “Female Player Was a Minority of One.” San Jose Mercury News, August 11, 1991.
White, Joseph. “Female Pitcher in Negro Leagues Enjoyed String ’Em Out.” Seattle Times, May 10, 1998.
Williams, Donnie, and Wayne Greenhaw. The Thunder of Angels: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the People Who Broke the Back of Jim Crow. Chicago: Lawrence Hill/Chicago Review Press, 2005.
Williams, Geraldine M. “Minnesota St. Paul.” Chicago Defender, December 18, 1937.
Williams, Joe. “Please, Kiddies, Mr. Street Could Catch, Too.” n.p., n.d. Gabby Street file. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
Wilson, Austin. “Black Pioneer Hangs to Threads of Hope.” Vicksburg Sunday Post, August 7, 1977.
Withers, Ernest C. Essay by Daniel Wolfe. Edited by Anthony Decaneas. Negro League Baseball. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.
Wittich, Porter. n.p., n.d. Gabby Street file. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.
Woolard, Holly. “It’s Etched in Stone—She’s a Women’s Hall of Famer.” Marin Independent Journal, October 3, 1993.
Young, Doc. “Toss ’Em Out: Should Girls Play Ball; No, Says Doc.” Chicago Defender, August 28, 1954.
Index
Aaron, Henry “Hank”
Banks on, 183
early career of, 116–18
Hall of Fame and, 209, 210
Stone as replacement for, 119, 121
on women in baseball, 206
African American Topeka (Kansas) Giants, 170
Alberga, Aurelious Pescia
correspondence of, 186–88
on female players, 162–63
on Jackson, 139
later life of, 204–5
meeting Stone, 59–60
publicity and, 127–28
racism and, 105–6
sexism and, 106–7
Smith and, 137–38
Stone’s family and, 192, 196–97
Stone’s return to baseball and, 119
support from, 122–23
All Nations team, 168–69
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, 108–9, 123, 158, 194
Amarillo Colts, 98
American Legion teams, 60–62
Angelou, Maya (Johnson, Marguerite), 57, 59, 121
Arlington, Elizabeth “Lizzie” Stroud, 109
Armour, Alfred “Buddy,” 94–95
Armstrong, Louis “Satchmo,” 71, 90–92
Atlanta Crackers, 87
Atlanta Daily World, 177
Bacharach Giants, 113
Baird, Thomas Y.
background of, 169–71
bus fire and, 178
finances and, 193–94
Kansas City Athletics and, 191
Pollock and, 141, 172
on role of Negro League, 111
statistics and, 82
Stone and, 164, 168
young players and, 184–85
Baltimore Black Sox, 113
Baltimore Elite Giants, 95
Banks, Ernie “Bingo"
Cubs and, 201
early career of, 98, 129–30, 133
Hall of Fame and, 194n
injuries and, 141
racism and, 154
scouts and, 149
statistics of, 140, 163
Stone and, 148, 151, 208–9
stress of integration and, 182–83
Baxter, Isabelle, 109–10
Baylis, Hank, 180, 183, 189
Beaumont Texas League, 135
Bell, James “Cool Papa,” 82–83, 94, 113, 134, 194n
Bell, Ralph (“Spec Bebop”), 131n, 144, 152, 195
Benson, Cleo “Baldy,” 65, 67
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 15, 17, 21
Birmingham Black Barons, 95–97, 115, 118, 141
Bismark Churchills, 41–42
Bland, Lucille, 84–85
Blue Room, 172–73
Blues Stadium, 143, 148, 179–80, 191
Boston Braves, 115, 118
Breedlove, Maceo, 41–43, 44, 45
Brewer, Sherwood, 178, 183
Briggs Field, 138
Brooklyn Dodgers, 61, 68, 76, 87–88, 114, 186
Brooklyn Royal Giants, 113
Brown, Willie, 57, 139, 194n
Brown v. Board of Education, 180–82
Busch Stadium, 142–43
buses
accident and, 144–45, 147
boycott of, 162
fire on, 177–78
Buxton Wonders, 40
California State Colored Republican League, 105
Campanella, Roy “Campy,” 87–88, 161
Carver, George Washington, 19, 32
Cassville Blues, 110
Catholic boys’ league, 4–5, 6, 18, 20, 26, 33
Charleston, Oscar
background of, 175–76
as Clowns manager, 164, 165
Crawfords and, 94, 113
death of, 191
home opener banquet and, 179
on Morgan, 204
Stone’s reading about, 21
Chattanooga Lookouts, 109
Chicago American Giants, 65, 67, 95, 112, 115, 118
Chicago Colleens, 109
Chicago Cubs, 86, 108, 163, 171
Chicago Defender
on black baseball, 113
criticism in, 189
Stone’s photograph in, 98
Stone’s reading of, 20–21, 67, 197
Chicago Giants, 113
Chicago Leland Giants, 40
Chicago White Sox, 22
Cincinnati Reds, 134
Civil Rights movement, 195–96, 199.
see also integration; Jim Crow laws;
segregation
Class B Interstate League, 110
Cleveland Buckeyes, 95
Cleveland Colored Giants, 109–10
clowning, 44, 65–66, 92–93, 114
Cobb, Ty, 24, 28, 31
Coleman, Vince, 201–2
color barrier. see integration; Jim Crow
laws; racism; segregation
Comiskey Park, 114, 149
Como Park, 14, 38
Conner, Eugene “Bull,” 96, 110n
Connie Mack Stadium, 140, 185, 204
Cotton, John, 38–39, 43, 44, 45, 92
Cotton Makers’ Jubilee, 179
Cotton State League, 125n
Cowans, Russ, 96, 133–34, 149, 179
Crosley Field, 169
Cuban Stars, 113
Cuban Stars (East), 113
Dallas Eagles, 118
Davis, Lorenzo “Piper,” 96, 209
Dayton Marcos, 113
Dean, Dizzy, 5, 25
Denver Post’s Invitational Baseball
Tournament, 66–67
Detroit Stars, 65, 113, 175, 194
Detroit Tigers, 31
DeVore, Donna, 203
Didrikson Zaharias, Babe, 84, 170
DiMaggio, Joe, 63, 126n
DiMaggio, Vince, 63, 126n
Doerr, Bobby, 62, 63
Donaldson, John, 96, 169
Downs, McKinley “Bunny"
Aaron and, 116–17
advice from, 119, 165–66, 167–68
bus accident and, 131, 143–44, 147
Haywood and, 151
Johnson and, 158
Morgan and, 159, 160
on player relations, 139–40
retirement of, 191, 193
Stone with Clowns and, 123–24
DuBois, W. E. B., 12, 19, 106
Dymond, Gloria, 85
Easter, Luke, 67, 160
Eastern Colored League, 113
East-West All-Star game, 149–50, 187–88
Ebbets Field, 67
Ebony, 142, 159
Edwards, Evelyn
childhood of, 13, 15, 19
education of, 49
integration and, 8
racism and, 47, 72
Egan, Florence, 36�
�37
Engle, Eleanor, 110
entertainment, during games. see clowning
equipment, 17, 33, 148, 177–78
Ethiopian Clowns, 93, 173
Executive Order 8802, 52
Fayetteville Bears, 110
Fergus Falls North Stars, 40
Fields, Wilmer, 78, 114n
Florida Colored Hobos, 92
Forbes Field, 140
Fort Worth Tigers, 71, 80
Foster, Andrew “Rube,” 112, 113, 173
Gehrig, Lou, 109
Gibson, Josh, 94, 113, 134, 195, 210
Gordon, Herald “BeeBop,” 65–66, 79–80, 85
Grand Rapid Chicks, 109
Green, Samuel, 87–88
Greene, Joe, 112–13
Greenlee, William Augustus “Gus,” 113
Greenlee Field, 113
Griffin, Jimmy, 47–48
Griffith Stadium, 140
Hall, Jim, 80, 83, 84, 97, 111
Hall of Fame, 199, 209
Hallie Q. Brown Community Center, 4, 13–14
Hamman, Ed, 131n, 152, 154
Hamman, Joyce, 152, 154
harassment
from fans, 77–79, 87
of players, 68
by teammates, 103, 139–40, 187
Harlem Globetrotters, 64
Harris, Eddie, 63–64, 65, 70
Harrisburg Senators, 110
Havana Cuban Giants, 184
Haywood, Albert “Buster”
bus accident and, 147
desertion of player by, 188
Downs and, 151
East-West All-Star game and, 149
injuries and, 129, 136, 139
Johnson and, 159
lack of respect and, 164
Memphis Red Sox and, 175
Morgan and, 160–61
Neal and, 163
on Stone, 123–24, 143
on travel, 132
Hetznecker, Clemy, 12–13
Hilldale Club, 113
Hodges, Gil, 160, 176
Homestead Grays, 67, 78, 93, 95, 114, 175
Hopkins, Gordon “Hoppy,” 139, 159, 202
Hot Springs Bathers, 125n
House of David team, 170
Howe, Elias, 81–82
Hub City Browns, 40
Hughes, Langston, 21, 147
Indianapolis ABCs, 113, 175
Indianapolis Clowns
Aaron and, 116–18
bus accident and, 144–45, 147
contracts and, 115
fans and, 129, 130, 138
Kansas City home opener and, 133–35
standings and, 140
Stone with, 121–22, 126
injuries, 99–100, 128–29, 136, 139, 140–41, 188–89
integration
of Cotton State League, 125n
in industry, 52
loss of community and, 200
Negro American League and, 114–15
Negro League and, 111–12, 124
Pacific Coast League and, 67
press coverage and, 83
Robinson and, 182–83
in tennis, 138
International League, 112
Irvin, Monte, 98–99, 182, 186
Isabella Hard Heads, 198–99, 206
Jack’s Tavern, 57–59, 60
Jackson, Doris, 139, 143
Jacox, Cal, 150, 185
Jim Crow laws
Brown v. Board of Education and, 180–81