Gibraltar
Page 45
20. REM 5601.49.1; BL Add MS 50257.
21. Drinkwater 1785, p. 139; TNA WO 1/286.
22. Spilsbury 1908, pp. 21, 28.
23. REM 5601.49.1.
24. REM 5601.49.1.
25. Spilsbury 1908, p. 28.
26. Ancell 1784, p. 107.
27. Upton 1781, p. 5.
28. Cranfield 1844, pp. 18, 183.
29. Upton 1781, pp. 5–6.
30. Ancell 1793, p. 84.
31. Ancell 1793, pp. 84–5.
32. Ancell 1793, p. 85.
33. REM 5601.49.1.
34. Anon 1785, p. 80.
35. Ancell 1793, p. 86.
36. GNA/MSP/2c/1781.
37. Barnes and Owen 1938, p. 34.
38. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 145–6.
39. Drinkwater 1785, p. 146.
40. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 59.
41. Ancell 1793, p. 87.
CHAPTER TWELVE: BOMBARDMENT
1. Drinkwater 1785, p. 147.
2. Ancell 1784, p. 112.
3. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 59.
4. Upton 1781, pp. 9–10.
5. BL Add MS 50257.
6. TNA PRO 30/85/1.
7. Cranfield 1844, p. 12.
8. 346M/F161, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
9. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 59; GNA List of Inhabitants Houses 1778.
10. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 59.
11. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 60.
12. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 60.
13. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 60.
14. Upton 1781, pp. 10–11.
15. Upton 1781, p. 11.
16. Ancell 1793, pp. 92, 95.
17. Drinkwater 1785, p. 150; Gordon 1784, pp. 14–15.
18. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 150–1.
19. Upton 1781, p. 12; Drinkwater 1785, p. 150.
20. Upton 1781, p. 12.
21. Spilsbury 1908, p. 135; TNA PRO 30/85/1.
22. BL Add MS 38605.
23. The British Library has two journals, Add MS 38605 and 38606. If they were not written by Boyd himself, it was somebody very close and admiring of him, most likely his aide-de-camp Captain William Wilson of the 39th Regiment. The handwriting is probably not Boyd’s, though clerks often did copies of letters and journals.
24. BL Add MS 38605.
25. BL Add MS 50257; BL Add MS 38605.
26. Ancell 1784, pp. 114–15.
27. Ancell 1784, pp. 121–2.
28. Ancell 1784, p. 122.
29. Vaughan 1839, pp. 115–18.
30. TNA C 12/1538/16; Benady 2005, pp. 100, 104.
31. TNA C 12/1538/16; Benady 2005, p. 104.
32. Serfaty 2005, p. 34.
33. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 61.
34. Maria Raymundo was a sixty-three-year-old widow, and her surname is also spelled Reymundo
35. Ancell 1784, p. 120.
36. BL Add MS 38605.
37. Drinkwater 1785, p. 153; Upton 1781, pp. 12–13.
38. TNA PRO 30/85/1.
39. Ancell 1784, p. 114.
40. GNA/MSP/2c/1781.
41. GNA/MSP/2c/1781.
42. Naval Chronicle 6 (1801), pp. 19–20.
43. Ancell 1793, p. 100.
44. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 62.
45. BL Add MS 50257.
46. Crespo and Galliano 2013, pp. 63–4.
47. BL Add MS 50257.
48. Drinkwater 1785, p. 154; Upton 1781, p. 15.
49. Ancell 1793, p. 98.
50. Upton 1781, pp. 14–15.
51. GNA/MSP/2c/1781.
52. BL Add MS 50257; Drinkwater 1785, p. 155–6.
53. TNA C 12/1538/16.
54. GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782; TNA C 12/1538/16.
55. BL Add MS 38605.
56. TNA PRO 30/85/1.
57. Barnes and Owen 1938, p. 35.
58. Barnes and Owen 1938, pp. 35–6.
59. Barnes and Owen 1938, pp. 34–5 fn.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: DEVASTATION
1. Drinkwater 1785, p. 157.
2. BL Add MS 50257. The St Firmin was delayed by an accident and was later captured.
3. Ancell 1793, pp. 101–2; REM 5601.49.1; Journal Historique et Litteraire 159 (1781), p. 193.
4. Drinkwater 1785, p. 158.
5. BL Add MS 50257; Drinkwater 1785, p. 158.
6. Upton 1781, p. 16; see Bell and Ayala 1845, p. 171 for the 1766 storm.
7. Drinkwater 1785, p. 149.
8. Ancell 1784, p. 131.
9. TNA C 12/1538/16.
10. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 161–2.
11. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 160, 162; TNA PRO 30/85/1. He died 7 May 1781.
12. GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782.
13. Crespo and Galliano 2013, p. 64.
14. GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782.
15. BL Add MS 38605.
16. Anon 1782, p. 39; Drinkwater 1785, p. 162.
17. BL Add MS 38605.
18. Diary quoted by Sir John Fortescue in The Times 19 August 1929.
19. Drinkwater 1785, p. 180.
20. Upton 1781, p. 17.
21. BL Add MS 38605.
22. Benady 2005, p. 111; Howes 1951, p. 172.
23. Drinkwater 1785, p. 165.
24. TNA PRO 30/85/1.
25. BL Add MS 38605; Ancell 1784, p. 117.
26. Upton 1781, p. 18.
27. Benady 2005, p. 112. They were Esther and Sarah Benider.
28. TNA WO 34/133.
29. Anon 1785, p. 82.
30. TNA WO 34/133.
31. TNA WO 34/133; Spilsbury 1908, p. 33; Ancell 1793, p. 107.
32. GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782; Upton 1781, pp. 6–7, 13.
33. Spilsbury 1908, p. 33; TNA WO 25/435; GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782; Ancell 1793, p. 107.
34. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 166–7; BL Add MS 38605.
35. GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782.
36. BL Add MS 38605.
37. Ancell 1793, pp. 102, 107; TNA PRO 30/85/1.
38. BL Add MS 38605.
39. REM 5601.49.1.
40. REM 5601.49.1.
41. REM 5601.49.1.
42. REM 5601.49.1.
43. REM 5601.49.1.
44. GNA/D&P/1/1781-1782.
45. REM 5601.49.1.
46. BL Add MS 50257.
47. BL Add MS 50257.
48. TNA PRO 30/85/1.
49. BL Add MS 50257.
50. Hogg and Batchelor 1978, p. 25.
51. BL Add MS 50257.
52. BL Add MS 38605.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: SURRENDER
1. BL Add MS 38605.
2. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
3. BL Add MS 50257.
4. BL Add MS 38605.
5. REM 940ʹ1781/82ʹ (‘Journal of the Blockade of St Philips Castle in the island of Minorca 1781 and 1782’, anonymous unpublished manuscript).
6. Stamford Mercury 6 September 1781.
7. Stamford Mercury 6 September 1781.
8. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 178–9.
9. BL Add MS 38605.
10. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 181–2.
11. BL Add MS 38605.
12. Spilsbury 1908, p. 44.
13. Cairncross 1783, pp. 296–7.
14. Cairncross 1783, p. 298.
15. Cairncross 1783, p. 302.
16. Cairncross 1783, p. 304.
17. Cairncross 1783, pp. 302–3, 304.
18. TNA WO 120/17.
19. 346M/016, with kind perm
ission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
20. Spilsbury 1908, p. 45.
21. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
22. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
23. Spilsbury 1908, p. 44–5.
24. Drinkwater 1785, p. 190.
25. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
26. Drinkwater 1785, p. 191.
27. Ancell 1793, p. 125.
28. BL Add MS 50257.
29. BL Add MS 50257.
30. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
31. BL Add MS 50257.
32. BL Add MS 50257.
33. Drinkwater 1785, p. 200.
34. Wheatley 1884, p. 138.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: COUNTERSIGN STEADY
1. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 202–3; Ancell 1793, p. 135.
2. Gordon 1784, p. 16; TNA WO 10/169.
3. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 200–1.
4. Gordon 1784, pp. 16–17.
5. Spilsbury 1908, p. 50.
6. Ancell 1793, p. 135.
7. BL Add MS 50257.
8. BL Add MS 50257.
9. Gordon 1784, p. 17.
10. Drinkwater 1785, p. 206.
11. BL Add MS 50257.
12. BL Add MS 50257.
13. Baldry 1936, p. 149. The article contains a contemporary report by an anonymous artillery officer.
14. Baldry 1936, p. 150.
15. Baldry 1936, pp. 150–1; Drinkwater (1785, p. 209) says there were eight 13-inch mortars.
16. Baldry 1936, pp. 149–50.
17. Ancell 1793, p. 157.
18. Heriot 1792, pp. 82–3.
19. Heriot 1792, p. 83.
20. Heriot 1792, pp. 80–1.
21. Ancell 1793, p. 137.
22. BL Add MS 50257.
23. Ancell 1784, p. 173; BL Add MS 38605; Anon 1782, p. 35.
24. Heriot 1792, p. 73; Baldry 1936, p. 149.
25. Drinkwater 1785, p. 209.
26. Baldry 1936, p. 149.
27. London Gazette 25 December 1781.
28. BL Add MS 50257.
29. Heriot 1792, pp. 83–4. Freire’s name is also given as Don Vincente (or Vicente) Freese (or Friza).
30. Heriot 1792, p. 84.
31. Heriot 1792, p. 75
32. Duncan 1872, p. 284.
33. BL Add MS 38605; GNA/D&P/1/1781–1782. Lindsay divorced his wife in 1807 on the grounds of adultery.
34. BL Add MS 38605.
35. BL Add MS 50257.
36. BL Add MS 38605.
37. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
38. BL Add MS 50257.
39. BL Add MS 50257.
40. Anon 1785, p. 105; Ancell 1793, p. 138; Heriot 1792, pp. 79–80.
41. Baldry 1936, pp. 148–9.
42. 346M/F161, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: MINORCA FALLS
1. Heriot 1792, p. 85.
2. Bell 1795, p. 23 of part 3. He was not an army surgeon; not to be confused with John Bell, an army surgeon in the West Indies.
3. Anon 1785, p. 107.
4. BL Add MS 38605.
5. Heriot 1792, p. 89.
6. BL Add MS 38605.
7. TNA PRO 30/85/2.
8. Gordon 1784, pp. 17–18.
9. Fortescue 1902, p. 410.
10. Carnet de la Sabretache 1907, p. 278. He was writing to his close companion, Prince Salm-Salm.
11. BL Add MS 50257.
12. BL Add MS 38605.
13. BL Add MS 38605.
14. Cranfield 1844, p. 17.
15. Drinkwater 1785, p. 222.
16. Drinkwater 1785, p. 224; Spilsbury 1908, p. 57.
17. BL Add MS 38605.
18. Ancell 1784, p. 193.
19. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 226–7.
20. Drinkwater 1785, p. 227.
21. REM 940ʹ1781/82ʹ (‘Journal of the Blockade of St Philips Castle in the island of Minorca 1781 and 1782’, anonymous unpublished manuscript).
22. REM 940ʹ1781/82ʹ.
23. REM 940ʹ1781/82ʹ.
24. Duncan 1872, p. 294.
25. Duncan 1872, pp. 294–5.
26. Duncan 1872, p. 295.
27. London Gazette 23 March 1782.
28. London Gazette 23 March 1782.
29. London Gazette 23 March 1782; Benady 2005, p. 109.
30. Drinkwater 1785, p. 230.
31. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
32. BL Add MS 50257.
33. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
34. Spilsbury 1908, p. 61.
35. BL Add MS 38605.
36. Drinkwater 1785, p. 231.
37. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 232–3.
38. Connolly 1855, pp. 30–3.
39. Ancell 1793, p. 167.
40. Drinkwater 1785, p. 235.
41. Drinkwater 1785, p. 228.
42. BL Add MS 50258.
43. BL Add MS 38605.
44. Anon 1785, p. 124.
45. Drinkwater 1786, p. 232.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: FRENCH INGENUITY
1. Kentish Gazette 3 April 1782.
2. Hills 1974, p. 312; Patterson 1960.
3. BL Add MS 50258.
4. Kentish Gazette 3 April 1782.
5. Anon 1785, p. 123.
6. Anon 1785, p. 123.
7. Ancell 1793, p. 173.
8. BL Add MS 50258.
9. Anon 1785, p. 127.
10. Ancell 1793, p. 175.
11. Drinkwater 1785, p. 163.
12. Connolly 1855, p. 13.
13. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
14. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
15. BL Add MS 38605.
16. Rose and Rosenbaum 1991, p. 84.
17. Anon 1785, pp. 127–8.
18. BL Add MS 50258.
19. BL Add MS 38605.
20. Spilsbury 1908, p. 62; GNA 1777 census says the family was Palerano; Horsbrugh calls her Maria Periano (BL Add MS 50258).
21. BL Add MS 38605.
22. Ancell 1793, pp. 177–8.
23. BL Add MS 38605.
24. BL Add MS 50256.
25. REM 946.8ʹ1799ʹ; BL Add MS 45188.
26. Drinkwater 1785, p. 242.
27. BL Add MS 50258.
28. BL Add MS 38605.
29. BL Add MS 38605.
30. BL Add MS 50258; Ancell 1793, p. 181; Drinkwater 1785, p. 246.
31. Drinkwater 1785, p. 246.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: TUNNELS
1. Spilsbury 1908, p. 67.
2. Newcastle Journal 6 July 1782.
3. 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
4. BL Add MS 38605.
5. Spilsbury 1908, p. 68.
6. BL Add MS 50258.
7. Drinkwater 1785, p. 250.
8. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 250–1; BL Add MS 38605; TNA WO 10/169.
9. Drinkwater 1785, p. 252; Ancell 1793, p. 188.
10. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 252–3.
11. Spilsbury 1908, pp. 68, 69.
12. Ancell 1793, pp. 186–7.
13. Barnes and Owen 1938, p. 257.
14. Gordon 1784, p. 19.
15. REM 5601.49.1b.
16. Drinkwater 1785, p. 254; BL Add MS 50258; GNA/MSP/2b/1782.
17. Drinkwater 1785, p. 256; 346M/016, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
&
nbsp; 18. Drinkwater 1785, p. 254.
19. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 254–5.
20. Belfast News-Letter 21 September 1882.
21. Drinkwater 1785, p. 258.
22. Anon 1783, pp. 14–15 (actually by F.-S.-D. Houdan-Deslandes, though formerly attributed to d’Arçon).
23. Dumont 1819, p. 5.
24. TNA PRO 30/11/271.
25. Anon 1783, p. 16.
26. TNA WO 25/435; GNA/MSP/2c/1781; TNA CO 91/42 Memorial of Mrs Hannah Hassan, who also claimed that her son joined at ‘the first commencement of the attack’, referring to the assault by the floating batteries.
27. Spilsbury 1908, p. 71.
28. 346M/017, with kind permission of Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
29. Drinkwater 1785, p. 260.
30. Adams 1840, p. 171.
31. Anon 1793, pp. 18–19.
32. Anon 1783, pp. 18–19.
33. Drinkwater 1785, p. 261.
34. Drinkwater 1785, p. 262.
35. Drinkwater 1785, p. 263.
36. Drinkwater 1785, p. 264.
37. Ancell 1793, p. 193.
38. BL Add MS 38605. Thanks to Sam Benady for the aubergine suggestion.
39. Ancell 1793, p. 193.
40. Anon 1783, p. 21.
41. Drinkwater 1785, p. 265.
42. Anon 1783, p. 23.
43. Anon 1783, p. 24.
44. Drinkwater 1785, p. 265; Ancell 1793, p. 193.
CHAPTER NINETEEN: WAITING
1. Newcastle Courant 20 April 1782.
2. Fortescue 1928b, p. 93.
3. Kentish Gazette 10 August 1782.
4. Notes and Queries Sixth Series 6 (1882), p. 244.
5. BL Add MS 36493.
6. Falconer 1946.
7. Marsden 1838, p. 51; he would later become secretary to the Admiralty.
8. Marsden 1838, p. 52.
9. Ancell 1793, p. 201.
10. Ancell 1793, p. 196.
11. Ancell 1784, pp. 252–3.
12. Anon 1783, pp. 26, 27.
13. Anon 1783, pp. 27, 28.
14. Ancell 1793, p. 201.
15. Drinkwater 1785, p. 273; Ancell 1793, p. 202.
16. Anon 1783, pp. 28–9.
17. Anon 1783, pp. 29, 49.
18. TNA PRO 30/11/271.
19. Carnet de la Sabretache 1907, p. 539.
20. Ancell 1793, p. 203.
21. Drinkwater 1785, p. 278.
22. Anon 1783, pp. 34–5.
23. BL Add MS 38605.
24. Ancell 1793, pp. 203–4.
25. Ancell 1793, p. 203.
26. Drinkwater 1785, pp. 279–80. He died in 1821.
27. Ancell 1793, p. 204.
28. Anon 1783, pp. 37–8.
29. BL Add MS 38605.
30. Drinkwater 1785, p. 283.