Gibraltar

by Roy Adkins

  relapsing fever 124

  Repulse 237, 273

  rice 68, 69, 127, 175

  Rich, Thomas (navy) 23, 51

  Richmond, Thomas (‘Shell’, artificer) 269

  Rock Guard 64

  Rock Gun (Rock Guard, Midshipman’s Look-out, Sky Battery) 64–5

  Rodney, George Brydges 96–7, 111, 113–14, 116, 117, 120, 125, 129, 135; Battle of the Saintes 288–9, 290; Caracas Company fleet 100; career 96–7; and Duff 120–1; and Eliott 111, 116; Moonlight Battle 100, 102–4; on Spanish hatred of French 114; to West Indies 121; on Spanish prisoners 114, 119, 159; wife Henrietta 98, 121

  Rodney’s convoy/ships 96–7, 99, 102, 105, 106, 107–8, 109, 110, 111, 112, 120, 125, 126, 149, 173, 185, 203

  Rogers, John (artillery) 258

  Roman Catholic 11; burials 92; conversion 230; hospitals 95, 306–7; leave Gibraltar 213; mass 306–7; offerings to saints 62; priests 172, 337, 339, 340; Reconquest 5–6; working parties 169; see also Genoese, Messa, Spanish church

  Rooke, George (navy) 7

  Rosia Bay 15, 16, 137, 140, 172, 187, 363

  Ross, Charles (39th/72nd) 248; admirers 174; appointed to 72nd Regiment 173; behaviour 124–6, 152–3, 173, 243, 357; career 20, 395; commanded sortie 243, 249; court-martial 152–3; death 383; and Eliott 51, 153, 173, 249; feud with Boyd 124–6, 152–3, 357; hosted dinners 149, 173; Member of Parliament 357; to Portugal 226; stuck in Spain 3; in verse 174

  Ross, Donald (73rd) 232–4, 235

  Ross, John Lockhart (navy) 97, 118–19, 121, 125, 186, 203–4, 301

  Royal Artillery see artillery

  Royal Battery 288

  Royal Engineers see engineers

  Royal George xvii–xxvi; bodies from wreck xxv; commemorative medal 387; Cumberland (Richard) xx; in Darby’s convoy 185–6, 301; Duff 120–1; Green (Mrs) 119; in Hardy’s Channel Fleet 41, 43; Horn (Elizabeth) xxii; in Howe’s convoy xvii, 301, 348; Ingram xviii, xxii; Ross (John) 185–6, 203; Kempenfelt xxi; Lark xviii, xx, 302, 372; Portsmouth 301; Prince William (William IV) 373; prostitutes 301; Rodney’s convoy 97, 104, 119; salvage of 372–3; sank xviii, xx, 302–4, 373; survivors xviii, xxii, 373

  Royal Navy xvii–xxvi, 6–7, 8, 11, 13, 19, 22–4, 31, 33, 37, 38–40, 41–5, 46, 49, 79, 80, 96–122, 135–7, 170–1, 176–7, 185–7, 266–7, 300–4; see also Darby’s convoy, gunboats, Howe’s convoy, Marine Brigade, press-gangs, Rodney’s convoy

  rum see alcohol

  St Ann 266–7

  St Barbara see Fort St Barbara

  St Bernard of Clairvaux 5

  St Carlos battery (Mill Battery, Tower Battery) (Spanish) 237, 239; built by Mill Tower 163; burned 248; guard 177, 249; mortars 177, 178, 247; range of shells 191, 228, 238; and sortie 241–2, 244, 245, 247, 248, 310

  Saintes, Battle of 288–9

  St John’s, Canada 14

  St Martin’s see batteries

  St Paschal’s (Pascual’s) see batteries

  St Philip’s Castle see Fort St Philip, Minorca

  St Philip’s Castle 258, 259–60, 263, 288

  St Vincent, Battle of 389

  Salford, England 9

  sandbags 28, 162, 167, 293, 294, 345

  Sandwich, Earl of (First Lord of the Admiralty) 43–4, 97, 186, 208, 288

  Sandwich 97, 104

  Sandy Bay, Minorca 228, 229

  San Julian 103, 104–5

  San Miguel (St Michael) 347–8, 350, 356, 359–60, 361, 362, 363, 364

  San Roque/ San Roque common, Spain 349, 374; camp 30, 114, 306, 354; children with smallpox 74; countersign 254; and d’Arçon 272; families spent summer 2; headquarters of Spanish governor/general 1, 16, 159, 162, 237, 254; hospital 154, 307; in Peninsular War 375–6; view towards Gibraltar 31, 237, 376; visits by Eliott 1, 3, 367–8; women 225; see also camps (French/Spanish)

  San Sebastian, Spain 100

  Santa Catalina 266

  Santo Domingo 102

  scarlet fever 21

  Scilly Isles 38

  Scotland 8, 20, 21, 36, 49, 126, 145, 146, 153, 378, 398; see also regiment (73rd)

  Scud Hill 243

  scurvy 34, 113, 127, 155–7, 161, 164, 262, 263, 264–5, 279

  Searle, Richard (navy) 302

  Second World War 15, 387–8

  sedan chairs 108, 368

  settees 23, 113, 172, 401

  Seven Years’ War 9, 33, 50

  sheep 72, 112, 149, 189, 202, 214, 229, 297

  shells (bombs) 60, 163, 211, 214, 224, 293, 310, 341, 364, 372, 373; bombardments 189, 192, 196–7, 194, 201, 205, 212, 221, 230; broke 60; Christmas Day 361; church hit 192; cost 257; deserters targeted 84; explode/burst 58–9, 169, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 227, 231, 232, 235, 250, 254, 258, 270, 281–2, 286, 296; fires caused by 192, 194, 208, 213, 230; fired at floating batteries 321, 322, 323, 324, 328, 331, 333; firing 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 178, 358, 360; fuses 58–9, 222, 223, 231, 232, 235, 238, 258, 268, 286; and howitzers 169–70; killed birds 227; manufacture 59, 192, 213, 231, 286; Mercier’s development 58–9, 238; numbers fired 110, 208, 225, 227, 228, 230, 236, 237, 257, 260, 264, 339, 344; range 191, 224, 225, 228, 231, 238; ricochets in streets 57, 169; Spanish supplies 32, 222–3; splinters 58, 59, 195, 198, 212, 213, 217, 231, 232, 238; spotting incoming fire 264, 268–9; Terrible hit; working parties targeted 56, 58, 59, 65, 164, 170, 238, 281–2; see also laboratories, magazines, mortar boats, mortars, Shrapnel

  shoes/shoemakers 94, 98, 201, 376

  shot (cannonballs) 177, 220, 224, 228, 236, 258, 286, 314, 372, 373; costs 257; deserters fired at 84; firing of 53, 54, 261–2; first Spanish shots 86–7, 91–2; in floating battery attack 275, 291, 321–4, 333, 341; in gunboats 141, 166, 167, 230, 361; incoming shot spotted 268–9; numbers fired 60, 208, 225, 236, 237, 264, 339; ricochets 57; range 87, 91, 191, 262; from Rodney’s convoy 116; Royal George 302; Spanish bombardment 189–91, 194, 197, 201, 211, 212, 217; Spanish supplies 32; stunned by 310–11; Terrible hit 110; weight 53, 58, 86, 91, 141, 221; woman injured 91–2; working parties hit 56, 65, 164, 282; Young Sabine hit 165; see also red-hot shot

  Shrapnel, Henry 59

  sickness see diseases

  Siebe, Augustus 373

  sieges 3–4, 27, 52, 195, 256; Cartagena 14; Ceuta 7, 394; Gibraltar (13th) 14; Great Siege (14th) passim; Minorca (Fort St Philip) 126, 228, 258–9, 262, 263–6, 283; Tangier 7; Yorktown 240

  siegeworks: covered ways (lines of communication/approach) 60, 90, 161, 167, 178, 237, 239, 269, 285, 309, 345; eastern parallel 237, 239, 244, 245, 298; see also batteries, isthmus, Lines, tunnels

  Sierra Carbonera see Queen of Spain’s Chair

  siesta 212, 225, 288

  Sinclair, John 384–5

  Skinner: Jane Frances 55, 92; Thomas (engineers) 55, 201; William 55; William Thomas 92

  Sky Battery 64–5 see Rock Gun

  smallpox 156; children at San Roque 3, 74; crew of Bienfaisant 108; Evelegh’s children 93–4; inoculation 96, 112, 128–9, 132–3, 145; Jewish children fell ill 74–5; major epidemic 112, 123, 127–9, 131–4, 144–5; seamen of French invasion fleet 37

  Smith-Dorrien, Horace 386

  Smyth, James Carmichael 101

  snows 80

  soldier-artificers see artificers

  songs/singing 8, 198, 308, 312

  sortie (sally) 190, 242–55, 260, 261, 262, 281, 357; at Minorca 259

  South Barracks see barracks

  South Bastion 65, 286, 322, 337, 363

  South Mole 16; see also New Mole

  South Parade 337

  Southport (Southport Gate) 213; burial ground 92, 150, 235, 398; camp in ditch 360; families flee 188; Farrell hanged 89; gate through walls 189, 200–1, 244; shells reached 191, 344; streets dug this far 169; town walls 150, 242

  Southsea, Hampshire xvii
–xviii, xx, xxi

  Spain, resentment towards France 114, 119, 341, 342; opinion of the French 274, 298, 341, 342

  Spanish church (St Mary the Crowned) 116, 193, 194, 244; belfry dismantled 63; description 62; destroyed 204, 258; Genoese conscripted 27; marauding soldiers 215; and Messa 62–3, 187–8, 189–93, 200; and Prince William 116; Roman Catholic burials 92

  Spanish Lines (The Lines) 17–18, 65, 67, 83, 84–5, 87, 163, 167, 299, 316, 326, 343, 344, 348; affected by weather 90; batteries ready 162; bombardment started 189; on Corpus Christi 224; cheering at explosion 282; d’Artois visited 292–3; fired at Terrible 110; and fireship attack 138; firing decreased 227; first shots towards 54–5; in floating battery attack 278, 329, 339, 341; guardhouses 57, 60; guards/sentries 26, 55–6, 84; guns remounted 32; inspected by d’Estaing 162; Langara in carriage 119; lightballs 66; mule strayed 83; purpose 17; range of guns 18, 191; reinforced 32, 47, 161, 162; sentries 26; in sortie 245, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 257; working parties 48, 55–6, 58, 60, 164; see also Fort St Barbara, Fort St Philip

  Spanish Succession, War of the 7

  spectators/tourists 58; Buck 78; destruction of Mahon battery 310; expected naval battle 349–50; floating battery assault 305, 308, 317–18, 319, 322–3, 337; Price 109; public punishments 215; victory procession 337; visiting warships xx–xxi, xxiii, 119

  Speedwell 170, 172, 176, 206, 236

  spies/espionage 18, 31, 34, 68, 84, 142, 228, 262, 266–7; see also deserters, telescopes

  Spilsbury, John (12th) 86, 162, 268, 285, 294; on artillery experiments 358; career 47; on coinage/currency 70; criticism of Duff/navy 47, 77, 80; criticism of surgeons 231–2, 234, 235; criticism of St George’s Day celebrations 370; on first Spanish shot 87; on food prices/shortages 69, 288; journal 47; on officers’ treatment of Jews 181–2; on officers’ stage play 362; on parsons 294; on punishments 219–20; on rebuilding 368; on removal of street paving 57; on Ross 243; on salvaged guns 361–2; on Spanish casualties 336; on tunnelling 284; on venereal disease 360, 362; on victory procession 361; on weather 149, 287

  Spithead, England xxiii, 33, 170; bodies from Royal George wreck xxv–xxvi, 303; Channel Fleet 43; Darby’s convoy 186; Howe’s convoy xvii, xxvi, 301, 304, 346, 348; prostitutes xxiii; Royal George xvii, xx–xxi, 304, 372, 373

  Spur battery 269

  Stanhope, Henry 352–3, 354

  starvation/hunger 3, 4, 60, 87, 135, 155, 159, 215–16, 300, 375; of inhabitants/garrison 80, 183, 186, 194, 197; preventative measures 22, 26, 163; of Spaniards 83, 153, 163; weapon of the besiegers 3,4, 68, 135

  Stericho, Damian 312

  Stobs, Scotland 49

  Strait of Gibraltar (Straits, Streights) 5, 6, 15, 16, 71, 78–9, 105, 148, 155, 185, 227, 262, 352

  streets ploughed/dug up (against shells) 57–8, 169, 193

  Success 266

  sugar 111, 112, 145, 161, 166, 174, 175, 196

  suicides 150, 180, 219

  Superior Battery 51, 55; see also batteries (Green’s Lodge)

  superstition/folklore 95, 175, 316, 318–19

  surgeons (doctors) xxii, 9, 95, 112, 155–6, 231–5, 236, 256, 264, 265; see also amputation, Baynes, Cairncross, hospitals, Ker

  surgeon’s mates 94, 95, 235

  Sutherland, Murdoch (73rd) 363

  swimming xx, xxiii, 237

  swords 84, 173, 243

  synagogues see Jews

  Talla Piedra 320, 321, 323, 326, 328–9, 330–1, 332, 334

  Tangier, Morocco 5, 87, 148, 155, 369; blockaded 148; Logie (consul) 3, 24, 105, 111–12, 147; obtained by Britain 6; port 79, 147; reclaimed by Moors 7; supplies and information from 87, 105, 111–12, 113, 144, 145, 147, 155; Tarik ibn Ziyad 5

  Tarifa, Spain 79, 148

  Tarik ibn Ziyad 5

  Taurel, Mrs 216, 217

  taverns 118; see also winehouses

  Tavistock, Devon 39, 40

  tea 174, 196, 367

  telescopes (glasses, spy glasses) xxi, 31, 142, 157, 282, 314, 323

  tents 90, 154, 204, 205–6, 211–12, 213, 214–15, 216, 217, 223, 224, 279, 360; Spanish/French 30, 32, 222–3, 225, 227, 278, 282, 312, 330, 347; marquees 154, 205–6, 217

  Terrible xxiii, 41, 42, 97, 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110

  tetanus 233

  Tetuan, Morocco 75, 76, 87, 113, 127, 148, 279

  theatre 295, 304–5, 362

  Thetis 367

  tides see currents

  tobacco 77, 107, 355, 371; pipes 296

  tourists see spectators

  tourniquets 233–4, 236

  Tovey, Abraham (artillery) 253; Augusta 253

  Tower Battery see St Carlos battery

  town walls 16, 189; see also Landport, Line Wall, Southport, Waterport

  Tracey, William 372

  Trafalgar, Battle of 382, 383, 385, 388

  traverses 58, 205, 244, 247, 258, 261, 368, 373

  treaties 2, 9; see also Paris, Utrecht

  trepanning 213, 233

  troops see rank-and-file soldiers, regiments

  tunnels (mines, galleries) 277–8, 281, 284–5, 287, 358–9, 367, 368–9

  Turnham Green, Middlesex 379–81, 383

  Twiss, Richard 70, 143

  typhus 38, 101, 126–7, 129, 132, 156, 268

  Ulloa, Don Antonio (navy) 35

  Upton, Catherine (‘Kitty’, Mrs Upton) 157, 183, 217; on bombardment 190, 192, 195, 206, 216; criticism of fishermen/shortage of fish 93; criticism of food 111, 157, 159, 174–5, 182, 183, 205; on Eliott 50; forced to move home 190, 192–5, 202, 205–6, 216; governess 81, 384; on gunboats 206, 216; husband John 50, 82, 383; on lack of fuel 81; on laundry 81; life 81–2; name 396; at Nottingham 81; poet 50, 174, 383–4; ran a school 81; returned to England 217–18, 219, 383–4; on Ross 174; on thunderstorm 212; on newspaper lies 174; verse 50, 174, 384

  Upton, Charlotte 82, 157, 202

  Upton, John (‘Jack’) (72nd) 50, 81–2, 174, 190, 202, 383–4

  Upton, Jack 82, 202, 219

  Utrecht, Treaty of 7–8, 16–17, 75

  Vanguard 225, 273

  vegetables 296, 297–8; Eliott 68, 296; from Morocco 127; high price 174–5; Minorca siege 263; pilfered by Spaniards 135, 163, 244; scarcity 67, 83, 127; and scurvy 156, 157, 264–5, 279; sortie trophies 250

  vegetarians 68, 296

  venereal disease 360, 362

  Vernon 266

  Vernon, Francis (navy) xxiii, 42, 99, 102, 103, 104, 371–2, 376, 410

  Victory xxii, xxvi, 41, 304, 346, 349, 351, 352, 353

  Vignoles, John (39th) 3, 235

  vineyards 22, 229

  von Helmstadt, Baron 251–2, 256–7

  Vrow Helena 160

  wages see pay

  waggons 55, 56, 134

  Waghorn, Martin 301, 304

  Wales 2, 85

  Walloon Guards 67–8, 82, 84, 85, 90, 130, 138, 238, 251, 358

  Ward, James (58th) 219–20

  Washington, George 149, 240

  watches 196, 220, 221, 270, 345

  watchtowers (signal towers) 90–1, 148, 184, 330

  water (drinking) 1, 34, 44, 61, 68, 83, 90, 126, 132, 143, 238, 287, 327

  Waterford, Ireland 346

  Waterport 16, 56–7, 65, 213, 236, 237

  Watson, Jonas 14; Justly 14

  weather/climate 27, 127, 304, 315–16, 370; dampness/humidity 101, 142; floods 90, 169, 170, 178, 211–12, 347; fog/mist 16, 66, 71, 83, 149, 160, 187; heat 69, 121, 142, 149, 152, 153, 287, 292, 296; rains 16, 81, 86, 90, 110, 142–3, 150, 168–9, 178, 211–12, 347, 370; sandstorms 90; storms/thunderstorms 75, 86, 142, 168–9, 211–12, 268; see also winds

  Webber, Arthur (artillery) 28–9

  Well Battery (Spanish) 167

  West Indies 96, 99, 1
08, 112, 120, 121, 129, 158, 171, 178, 203

  Wheate, Jacob (navy) 37, 41

  wheelbarrows/hand barrows 164, 325, 338

  Whetham, Thomas (12th) 269

  Whirligig Lane 215

  White Convent (White Cloister) 61, 62, 219

  Whitham, Abraham (artillery) 65, 66, 248

  Williams, Griffith (artillery) 358

  Willis’s battery 278, 284, 311; boy spotters 268; carcass ignited eastern approach 298; cat killed 227; Crillon visited 368; deserters taken there 242; first shots 54; floods 170; Fort St Barbara targeted 72; lightballs 66, 73; magazines 281; men hit by shot 268; Prince William visited 116; repairs/reinforcement 28, 306; shell exploded 258; Spanish officer bowed 254

  Wilson, William (39th) 260, 402

  Winchester, Hampshire 40, 101

  Windmill Hill 15, 74, 205, 243, 290, 338, 344, 350, 360

  winds 5, 71, 78–9, 90, 98, 102, 104, 112, 139, 162, 176–7, 178, 183, 244, 301, 327, 351, 352; hurricane 347–8; Levanters (easterlies) 79, 80, 112, 119, 142, 169, 203, 206; westerlies 76, 79, 80, 86, 136, 222, 312, 315, 340

  wine see alcohol

  winehouses 89, 118, 180, 196, 238, 241, 312

  women 2, 5, 13, 40, 49, 82, 85, 91–2, 98, 121, 136, 157, 159, 183, 188, 192, 201, 216, 218, 230, 293, 361, 365, 376, 377, 381–2, 384, 388; on board Royal George xix, xx–xxii, xxiv, xxv, 301, 373; crimes 215, 220–1; first shot fired 55, 92; Jewish 57, 200, 207, 216–17, 218, 219; left Gibraltar 120, 157, 207, 213, 217–18, 219, 260; and Price 85; prisoners-of-war 146, 157–8, 351, 360; servants/maids xviii, 13, 132–4, 226; wives of soldiers/officers 13, 19–22, 25, 71, 85, 88, 120, 151, 158, 180, 195, 202, 205–6, 217, 221–2, 223, 258, 260, 324, 351, 360, 362, 377–8; see also Adams (Abigail), Boyd (Arabella), Dixon (Elizabeth), Drake (Anne), Duff (Helen), Evelegh (Ann), Gledstanes (Elizabeth), Green (Miriam), Hamilton (Mrs), Horn (Elizabeth), Horsbrugh (Margaret), Isabella of Castile, Marie-Antoinette, Middleton (Susanna), Montefiore, Power (Sarah), prostitutes, Taurel (Mrs), Tovey (Augusta), Upton (Catherine)

  Woolwich, England 49

  wounded see injuries