Pornified
Page 34
Not only does pornography viewing indulge and abet the pornographic culture, it also has policy implications. Studies have shown that those who view heavy doses of pornography are less likely to believe there’s a need for restrictions on pornography for minors and are less likely to favor restrictions in broadcasting.8 Passively accepting life in a pornified culture is helping pornography flourish, a fact of which the industry is well aware. Our eyes become blinded by porn.
Pornography is a moving target and it’s time we catch up with it. For years, the pornography industry and the pornified culture have told both men and women who oppose pornography to shut up or turn a blind eye. They have accused anti-pornography activists, or even those who have dared question their profit equation, of being anti-sex and anti-freedom. They have done so while creating a forcefully anti-sex product that limits the freedom of men, women, and children. They have sold America on the idea of fantasy while inciting us to ignore reality. Those who have been silenced have only served to further legitimize pornography with their lack of censure. Those who are now quiet must speak out.
Notes
Introduction: A Pornified World
1. Jancee Dunn, “Rock-Porn Connection,” Rolling Stone.com, August 3, 1999.
2. “The Making of Sex Hop,” BET.com, July 31, 2003.
3. Lawrence Van Gelder, “Arts Briefing,” New York Times, July 19, 2004.
4. Mark Caro, “The New Skin Trade,” Chicago Tribune, September 19, 2004.
5. Richard Johnson, “Page Six,” New York Post, May 4, 2004.
6. Johnny Maldaro, “Abu Gag!” Village Voice.com, August 6, 2004.
1. A Guy Thing: Why Men Look at Porn
1. Jake (anonymous), “Why Nice Guys Like Online Porn,” Glamour, February 2004, p. 100.
2. John Schwartz, “Leisure Pursuits of Today’s Young Man,” New York Times, March 29, 2004.
3. D. Zillmann, “Pornografie,” in Lehrbuch der Medienpsychologie, ed. R. Mangold, P. Vorderer, and G. Bente (Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe Verlag, 2004), pp. 565–85.
4. Jake (anonymous), “Jake’s Guide to Talking Dirty,” Glamour, May 2004, p. 124.
5. J. Michael Parker, “Sexual Healing: Ministries Help Men with Purity Struggle,” San Antonio Express-News, January 31, 2004, p. 7B.
6. Bobby Ross, Jr., “Dallas Billboards Target Christians Addicted to Porn,” Associated Press, February 21, 2004.
7. Ibid.
8. Beau Black, “Evangelical Churches Target Porn Addiction,” Orlando Sentinel, February 21, 2004.
9. Burt Prelutsky, “Mortified and Mystified by This Business of Show,” Los Angeles Times, February 2, 2004.
10. “Cerberian and Sonic WALL Web Usage Survey Reveals 75% Accidentally See Porn at Work,” Business Wire, June 23, 2004.
11. Julie Forster, “X-Rated Surfing Common at Work,” Saint Paul Pioneer Press, February 14, 2004.
12. Associated Press, “State Ousts 23 Employees for Using Computers to Look at Porn,” Frankfort, Ky., May 22, 2004.
13. Peter Bacque, “VDOT Computer Abuse Reported,” Richmond Times Dispatch, February 4, 2004.
14. Forster, “X-Rated Surfing Common at Work.”
15. Associated Press, “Report: FBI Reviewing Claims of Porn Web Site Viewing at UTHSC,” February 3, 2004.
16. Michael Barron and Michael S. Kimmel, “Sexual Violence in Three Pornographic Media: Toward a Sociological Explanation,” Journal of Sex Research 37 (May 2000): 6.
17. TalkAboutSupport.com, January 29, 2004.
18. Robert Jensen, “A Cruel Edge: The Painful Truth about Today’s Pornography—and What Men Can Do About It,” Ms., Spring 2004, pp. 55–58.
2. How We Got Here: Life in the Porn Lane
1. David Mura, “A Male Grief: Notes on Pornography and Addiction,” in Men Confront Pornography, ed. Michael S. Kimmel (New York: Crown Publishers, 1990), p. 137.
2. Larry Flynt, “Porn World’s Sky Isn’t Falling—It Doesn’t Need a Condom Rule,” Los Angeles Times, April 23, 2004.
3. Michael S. Kimmel,” ‘Insult’ or ‘Injury’: Sex, Pornography and Sexism,” in Men Confront Pornography, p. 317.
4. Michael Barron and Michael S. Kimmel, “Sexual Violence in Three Pornographic Media: Toward a Sociological Explanation,” Journal of Sex Research 37 (May 2000): 2.
5. Dennis McAlpine, interview, “American Porn,” Frontline, PBS, August 2001.
6. John Motavalli, “Columbia House Plans Porn Club,” New York Post online edition, January 10, 2005.
7. McAlpine, “American Porn.”
8. CBSNews.com, “Porn in the U.S.A.,” November 21, 2003.
9. McAlpine, “American Porn.”
10. Chris Walsh, “Feeding on Flesh: Colorado Companies Are Making Millions in the Adult Entertainment Business,” Rocky Mountain News, April 3, 2004.
11. McAlpine, “American Porn.”
12. For example, a block of time watching standard Vivid Entertainment fare on the Playboy Channel might cost $5.95, while more hardcore material costs as much as $11. 95.
13. Steve Donohue, “Playboy Takes a Soft Approach to Hard Content,” Multichannel News, May 10, 2004, p. 30.
14. McAlpine, “American Porn.”
15. Barron and Kimmel, “Sexual Violence in Three Pornographic Media,” pp. 2–3.
16. Ibid., p. 5.
17. “Websense Research Shows Online Pornography Sites Continue Strong Growth,” PRNewswire.com, April 4, 2004.
18. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), “File-Sharing Programs: Peer-to-Peer Networks Provide Ready Access to Child Pornography” (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 2003).
19. Frank Coggrave, “Bugwatch: The Perils of Peer-to-Peer,” VNU Business Publications, March 31, 2004.
20. Elizabeth Armstrong, “America’s New Cubicle Pirates Find Their Loot Online,” Christian Science Monitor, March 19, 2004.
21. “Porn More Popular than Search,” InternetWeek.com, June 4, 2004.
22. John Schwartz, “Google Protests Give Web Site an Audience,” New York Times, February 2, 2004.
23. Jeffrey Selingo, “Entertaining Miss Daisy,” New York Times, April 22, 2004.
24. Jennifer L. Schenker, “In Europe, Cellphone Profits Go Up as Clothes Come Off,” New York Times, May 4, 2004.
25. “Porn Goes Portable,” Chicago Tribune, February 26, 2003.
26. Mark Evans, “Porn Goes Wireless,” The National Post, October 26, 2004.
27. Robert Yager, “The Trouble with Larry,” The Independent, February 22, 2004.
28. Mireya Navarro, “Dancing in the Lap of Luxury,” New York Times, May 12, 2004.
29. McAlpine, “American Porn.”
30. CBSNews.com., “Porn in the U.S.A.”
31. Reuters, “Janet Jackson’s Bare Breast Tops Internet Searches,” February 4, 2004.
32. The O’Reilly Factor, transcript, Fox News, February 9, 2004.
33. Rachel Lehmann-Haupt, “Does Sex Still Sell?” Folio, March 1, 2004.
34. “The Year in Sex: A Groping Governor, Nudity for Peace and Ben-nifer’s Stripper,” Playboy, February 2004, p. 66.
3. Me and My Porn: How Pornography Affects Men
1. J. Bryant and D. Zillmann, “Pornography: Models of Effects on Sexual Deviancy,” in Encyclopedia of Criminology and Deviant Behavior, ed. C. D. Bryant (Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge, 2001), pp. 241–44.
2. D. Zillmann, “Pornografie,” in Lehrbuch der Medienpsychologie, ed. R. Mangold, P. Vorderer, and G. Bente (Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe Verlag, 2004), pp. 565–85.
3. For a complete discussion of the study, see J. Bryant and D. Zillmann, “Pornography, Sexual Callousness and the Trivialization of Rape,” Journal of Communication (Autumn 1982), pp. 10–21.
4. J. S. Lyons, R. L. Anderson, and D. Larsen, “A Systematic Review of the Effects of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Pornography,” in Media, Children and the Family: Social Scientific, Psychodynamic, and Clinical Perspectives, ed. D. Zillmann, J. Bryant, and A. C. Huston (Hills
dale, N.J.: Erlbaum Associates, 1993), p. 305.
5. Paul Restivo, “Pass on the Porn,” Kansas State Collegian, February 4, 2004.
6. Edward Donnerstein, Daniel Linz, and Steen Penrod, The Question of Pornography: Research Findings and Policy Implications (New York: Free Press, 1987), p. 29.
7. Robert Jensen, “A Cruel Edge: The Painful Truth About Today’s Pornography—and What Men Can Do About It,” Ms., Spring 2004, pp. 55–58.
8. John Schwartz, “The Pornography Industry vs. Digital Pirates,” New York Times, February 8, 2004.
9. Jensen, “A Cruel Edge,” pp. 55–58.
10. “Young Women, Porn & Profits: Corporate America’s Secret Affair,” Primetime Live, ABC, Diane Sawyer, May 27, 2004.
11. D. Zillmann, “Pornografie,” pp. 565–85. Author’s emphasis.
12. Ryan J. Burns, “Male Internet Pornography Consumers’ Perception of Women and Endorsement of Traditional Female Gender Roles” (Austin, Tex.: Department of Communication Studies, University of Texas, 2002), p. 11.
4. Porn Stars, Lovers, and Wives: How Women See Pornography
1. Beth Whiffen, “Confessions,” Cosmopolitan, March 2004, p. 44.
2. Kenneth Turan, “Movie Review: A ‘Girl Next Door’ in Sheep’s Clothing,” Los Angeles Times, April 9, 2004.
3. Susan Dominus, “What Women Want to Watch,” New York Times, Arts & Leisure section.
4. Mireya Navarro, “The Very Long Legs of ‘Girls Gone Wild,’” New York Times, April 4, 2004.
5. Mireya Navarro, “Women Tailor Sex Industry to Their Eyes,” New York Times, February 20, 2004.
6. Michael C. Harris, “Punk-Rock Pinups,” Chicago Tribune, February 18, 2004.
7. Virginia Vitzthum, “Stripped of Our Senses,” Elle, December 2003, p. 187.
8. Ben Flanagan, “Porn Debate Garners Huge Turnout at U. Alabama,” The Crimson White, March 18, 2004.
9. Jennifer Harper, “At Harvard, All the Nudes Are Fit to Print,” Washington Times, February 12, 2004.
10. Ebonie D. Hale, “Committee Approves Porn Magazine,” Harvard Crimson, February 11, 2004.
11. Jenna Russell, “BU Students to Get Own Sex Magazine,” Boston Globe, October 6, 2004.
12. Rebecca Rothbaum, “Harvard Lifts Vassar’s Erotic Idea,” Poughkeepsie Journal, February 17, 2004.
13. Tara Weiss, “Why Porn Is a Dirty Word at H Bomb,” Hartford Courant, February 13, 2004.
14. Chris Freiberg, “Indiana U. Investigates New Dorm Porn,” Indiana Daily Student, April 6, 2004.
15. Maegan Carberry, “Porn’s Next Big Market: Women,” Chicago Tribune, May 14, 2004.
16. Navarro, “The Very Long Legs of ‘Girls Gone Wild.’”
17. Keith Olbermann, Countdown, MSNBC, February 23, 3004.
18. Navarro, “Women Tailor Sex Industry to Their Eyes.”
19. Reuters, “To-Do List on Mind When Porn Plays?” May 22, 2004.
20. Anahad O’Connor, “In Sex, Brain Studies Show, ‘La Difference’ Still Holds,” New York Times, March 16, 2004.
21. Ibid.
22. Navarro, “Women Tailor Sex Industry to Their Eyes.”
23. Robert Jensen, “A Cruel Edge: The Painful Truth About Today’s Pornography—And What Men Can Do About It,” Sexual Assault Report, January/February 2004, pp. 33–34, 45–48.
24. Laura Berman, “Women Warm to Female-Friendly Erotica,” Chicago Sun-Times, April 26, 2004, p. 56.
25. Roberta Myers, “Editor’s Page,” Elle, February 2004.
26. Jane Stancill, “Playboy Visit Sparks UNC Protest,” Raleigh News & Observer, April 6, 2004.
27. Marjorie Ingall, “31 Essential Sex & Love Experiences,” Glamour, May 2004, p. 232.
28. Julie Polito, “Jump Start Your Sex Life,” Self, March 2004, p. 135.
29. “The Help Desk,” New York, April 19, 2004, p. 125.
30. Amy Dickinson, “Porn Viewing Draws Responses from Readers,” Chicago Tribune, February 6, 2004.
31. Whiffen, “Confessions,” p. 44.
5. You and Me and Pornography: How Porn Affects Relationships
1. Pornified/Harris poll, 2004.
2. Dr. Gail Saltz, interview, The Today Show, transcript, NBC, March 3, 2004.
3. Pornified/Harris poll, 2004.
4. E. Jean Carroll, “Ask E. Jean,” Elle, March 2004, p. 148.
5. D. Zillmann, “Pornografie,” in Lehrbuch der Medienpsychologie, ed. R. Mangold, P. Vorderer, and G. Bente (Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe Verlag, 2004), pp. 565–85.
6. D. Zillmann, “Effects of Prolonged Consumption of Pornography,” in Pornography: Research Advances and Policy Considerations, ed. D. Zillmann and J. Bryant (Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1989), p. 155.
7. “Playboy Advisor,” Playboy, March 2004, p. 50.
8. Ellie, “His Porn Habit Has Become a Hard-core Problem,” Toronto Star, July 4, 2004.
9. Brenda Shoshanna, “Help! My Husband Is Addicted to Porn,” iVillage.com, 2004.
10. Jennifer Schneider, “Effects of Cybersex Addiction on the Family,” Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity 7 (2000): 31–58.
11. Susan Dominus, “Our Love/Hate Affair with Our Bodies,” Glamour, May 2004, p. 219.
12. Jo Revill, “The New Nose Job: Designer Vaginas,” The Observer (London), August 17, 2003.
13. TalkAboutSupport.com, January 29, 2004.
14. Schneider, “Effects of Cybersex Addiction on the Family.”
15. Harlan Cohen, “Help Me, Harlan: Does Porn Have a Place in Their Lives?” Saint Paul (Minn.) Pioneer Press, April 20, 2004.
16. Lynn Harris, “Stop Him Before He Clicks Again!” Salon.com, April 15, 2004.
17. Women Online Worldwide, www.wowwomen.com.
18. “Dear Abby,” Contra Costa (Calif.) Times, April 17, 2004, p. F4.
19. Ruth Westheimer, “Have I Been Replaced by Porn?” iVillage.com, 2004.
20. Patti Britton, “Porn: Fantasy or Filth?” iVillage.com, 2004.
6. Born into Porn: Kids in a Pornified Culture
1. Mark Prigg and Paul Sims, “Truth About Dangers of Net as Half of Children Are Exposed to Porn,” The Evening Standard (London), September 3, 2004.
2. Of the 177 downloaded images, 61 were of adult pornography, 24 were cartoon pornography, 13 were child erotica, and 2 were child porn. U.S. Government Accountability Office, “File-Sharing Programs: Peer-to-Peer Networks Provide Ready Access to Child Pornography” (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 2003).
3. Diana Russell, “Children’s Access to Child and Adult Pornography,” work in progress.
4. Editorial, “Protecting Kids Online,” Washington Post, July 1, 2004.
5. Stephen Jones, “Opinion—Young Voices: Libraries Should Put Permanent Blocks on Porn,” The Columbian (Vancouver, Wa.), March 15, 2004.
6. Of those incidents, 472 involved children accessing pornography on the library’s computers, 106 were situations in which adults exposed kids to pornography in the library, 23 were cases in which pornography was specifically left for children, and 113 instances occurred when pornography was left on the printer or computer screen. An additional 26 cases involved children accidentally viewing pornography at the library.
7. Associated Press, “High School Teacher Accused of Downloading Pornography, Assault,” February 11, 2004.
8. Mel Melendez, “North High Math Teacher Faces Firing,” Arizona Republic, March 6, 2004.
9. Associated Press, “Teacher Gets Seven Years for Showing Students Pornography,” February 3, 2004.
10. Terry Webster, “Parents Say Porn Accessed in Class,” Fort Worth Star Telegram, April 4, 2004.
11. Courtney C. Radsch, “Teenagers Sexual Activity Is Tied to Drugs and Drink,” New York Times, August 30, 2004. In addition, a teenager with a majority of friends who do so is three times more likely to smoke, drink, or use illegal drugs than a teen who has no such friends.
12. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, “National Survey of American Attitudes o
n Substance Abuse IX: Teen Dating Practices and Sexual Activity” (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), p. 23.
13. Benoit Denizet-Lewis, “Friends, Friends with Benefits and the Benefits of the Local Mall,” The New York Times Magazine, May 30, 2004, p. 30.
14. Tor Thorsen, “Take-Two, Sony, and Microsoft Sued Over ‘The Guy Game,’” Gamespot.com, December 21, 2004.
15. Associated Press, “Boy Not Allowed to Bring Porn Star to Prom,” June 7, 2004.
16. Klepal, Dan, “Two Students Accused of Selling Video Porn,” Cincinnati Enquirer, February 13, 2004; UPI, “Two 14-Year-Old Drunk Girls Videotaped,” June 25, 2004.
17. Thomas Lake, “Stripper Pole in JU Dorm Draws Crowd,” Florida Times-Union, September 23, 2004.
18. Joseph Ax, “Experts Say Culture, Technology to Blame,” Journal News (Westchester County, N.Y.), June 25, 2004.
19. Strawberry Saroyan, “The XXX Files,” Los Angeles Times, September 11, 2004.
20. Associated Press, “Closing Arguments Held for Orange County Teens Charged with Raping Unconscious Girl,” June 23, 2004.
21. Lisa McPheron, “Porn Actresses May Testify in O.C. Rape Trial,” Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, June 1, 2004.
22. R. Scott Moxley, “Hail Your Daughters,” OC (Orange County) Weekly, May 7–13, 2004.
23. Deepa Bharath, “Adult Film Star Denied from Stand,” Los Angeles Times, June 4, 2004.
24. Richard Jerome, “The Cyberporn Generation,” People, April 26, 2004, p. 74.
25. Associated Press, “Student Suspended Over Tape of Herself and Classmates Having Sex,” February 28, 2004.
26. Associated Press, “Teen Girl Charged with Posting Nude Photos on Internet,” March 29, 2004.
27. Alison Pollet and Page Hurwitz, “Strip Till You Drop,” The Nation, January 12, 2004, p. 20.