The Feast of Roses

by Indu Sundaresan

  The Feast of Roses is a fictional account of Mehrunnisa’s life as Empress Nur Jahan. But it is, in the main, historically accurate. Mehrunnisa did form a junta of sorts with her father, Ghias, her brother Abul, and Prince Khurram. It was evident, to courtiers and travelers alike, that from behind the veil it was Mehrunnisa’s voice that commanded the actions of these three men. But only to a point, since the rift in the junta also became obvious about halfway through her reign as Empress.

  There is documentation on Mehrunnisa’s attempts to marry Ladli to Khusrau, and to Khurram, although the latter is sometimes regarded as false by contemporary historians. I chose to believe both accounts, for the arguments put forward against Khurram’s marrying Ladli were mostly these—that Khurram was so in love with Arjumand that he would not countenance marrying again, and that to Arjumand’s cousin. Khurram undoubtedly adored Arjumand; he demonstrated that by building the world’s greatest monument to love, the Taj Mahal, in her memory. But he did marry again, about five years after he married Arjumand. More importantly, why would Mehrunnisa not ask Khurram first, before she asked Khusrau? Khurram was the prince she was so clearly schooling to be the next Emperor, why search elsewhere for a suitable groom for her daughter? Especially Khusrau, half-blind, half-demented, blessed only by his father’s disfavor. Shahryar was almost certainly a last choice, for the prince sported, even in his lifetime, the unflattering nickname of nashudani—good-for-nothing.

  Sir Thomas Roe mentions Mehrunnisa copiously in his memoirs, realizing, quite soon after his arrival in India, that the “beloved wife” was the real power behind Jahangir’s throne. He is, naturally, an excellent source for Anglo-Indian relations during Jahangir’s rule, and an interesting witness of court politics and the junta’s infighting.

  Mahabat Khan’s coup is also based on historical record. Mehrunnisa was about fifty years old when this happened, had been Empress for sixteen years, and was at the very pinnacle of her reign. The coup hurt her in more ways than one, leading to her swift downfall after Emperor Jahangir’s death.

  Other incidents—the lion hunt with Jagat Gosini, the public brawl between Mehrunnisa and Jahangir where they slap each other, Mehrunnisa killing the intruder into the imperial zenana—are also documented, though whether they are accurate or the stuff of legend, myth, or gossip is in some doubt.

  I have taken some liberties with historical facts. The ship Rahimi, which indirectly caused so much trouble for the Portuguese Viceroy, and by association for the entire Portuguese embassy in India, belonged to Jahangir’s birth mother, Maryam Muzzamani—not Empress Ruqayya Sultan Begam. Ruqayya did own trading ships, as did Mehrunnisa, but I “gave” the Rahimi to Ruqayya to suit the purposes of my story.

  Also, Khurram receives his title of Shah Jahan from his father after the Deccan wars (which he went to more than once), and not the Mewar campaign. But there is little doubt of his complicity either in his brother Prince Khusrau’s death or in the wholesale massacre, just before he ascended the throne, of the men connected to the royal family who had any claim at all to the empire.

  And since you have reached this far, thanks must go to you, dear reader, for accompanying me on this journey into India’s past. The Feast of Roses ends Mehrunnisa’s story. I do hope you have enjoyed both this story and The Twentieth Wife as much as I have enjoyed narrating them.

  Indu Sundaresan

  October 2002

  GLOSSARY

  Amir

  nobleman

  Apsara

  celestial maiden

  Baradari

  pavilion

  Beedi

  hand-rolled cigarette

  Begam

  respectful term for a woman, married or unmarried

  Beta

  literally “son”; here a term of endearment

  Bhang

  a local liquor made of hemp

  Burfi

  sweet cut into bite-sized cakes

  Chai

  tea

  Chappatis

  a type of bread

  Choli

  form-fitting blouse

  Chula

  stove, usually fashioned from mud and bricks

  Darbar

  court

  Dhobi

  washerman

  Dhoti

  man's garmant, a long piece of cloth wrapped around the waist

  Diwan

  treasurer

  Diwan-i-am

  Hall of Public Audience

  Diwan-i-khas

  Hall of Private Audience

  Diya

  lamp

  Fakir

  mendicant

  Farman

  royal edict

  Firangi

  foreigner

  Gaddi

  seat

  Ghagara

  full pleated skirt reaching to the ankles

  Ghee

  clarified butter

  Gilli-danda

  street game played with two sticks

  Gulab jamun

  milk sweet dipped in sugar syrup

  Gulag

  colored power used in celebrating Holi

  Hakim

  physician

  Hammam

  bathhouse

  Howdah

  covered litter usually set atop an elephant

  Hukkah

  water pipe

  Jaggery

  raw sugar

  Jagir

  district

  Jalebi

  sweet of deep-fried flour dipped in sugar syrup

  Jharoka

  literally a “glimpse”; here used to denote a balcony

  Khichri

  a rice and lentil dish, lightly spiced

  Khus

  fragrant river rushes, used for mats and to flavor drinks

  Konish

  form of salutation

  Kurta

  long-sleeved shirt

  Luban

  frankincense

  Mali

  gardener

  Mansab

  government rank

  Mardana

  men’s quarters of the palace

  Mirza

  title of respect for a man

  Mohur

  gold coin

  Mulla

  Muslim priest

  Nadiri

  a special coat commissioned and designed by Jahangir

  Nan

  a type of bread

  Nautch

  dance

  Nilgau

  a bluish-gray wild ox

  Paan

  betel leaf

  Pahr

  watch of three hours; the day was divided into eight pahrs; and the pahr into eight gharis of twenty-four minutes each

  Paish-khana

  advance camp when the emporer traveled

  Panjari

  lookout

  Parda

  veil

  Pulav

  rice cooked with meat and/or vegetables

  Punkah

  fan

  Qaba

  a long, loose coat

  Qazi

  judge

  Razai

  cotton-filled bedcover

  Rishta

  alliance

  Sahib

  sir

  Sarai

  rest house for travelers

  Shamiana

  awning

  Shehnai

  fluted trumpet

  Sitar

  stringed musical instrument

  Son papdi

  sweet

  Tabla

  drums

  Taslim

  form of salutation

  Zari

  gold or silver embroidery

  Zenana

  harem

  Turn the page for a sneak peak of Indu Sundaresan's new novel, Mountain of Light.

  Fragment of Light

  June 1817

  The midday sun leaned over to place its fiery kiss upon the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore, four and a hal
f miles east of the fort and walled city. The blazing light wavered into a haze around the almond, guava, and mango trees, and except under the trees where it could not penetrate, all shadows leached into the blistering ground.

  The Shalimar Gardens—the Abode of Pleasure—was a name taken by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan from the gardens his father had built in the valley of Kashmir. In the late 1630s, the Ravi River in Lahore flooded its banks. Angry waters swamped and carved out new geographical features, shifting vast quantities of mud from one place to another, leaving acclivities and declivities where none had existed before. One such slope in the land was born after this flood. So it was here Emperor Shah Jahan ordered the garden to be built in three terraces that descended from the south to the north.

  At high noon on this day of June 1817, two young men tarried in the central platform of the pool in the middle terrace.

  They were both bareheaded, their chests bare also. Each wore only a kispet—long, tight shorts of buffalo hide leather, which covered them from their waists down, the ends rucked up over their knees to facilitate ease of movement. The upper halves of their bodies, and their legs and feet, glistened with sesame oil, pungent and aromatic in the sear of the sun. Earlier in the morning—according to the rules of the game— they had smoothed the oil on each other. It was the first and last gesture of amity and goodwill.

  For their referee, they had corralled an old gardener lounging in the deep shade of the nearby tamarind tree, a hand-rolled beedi wrapped in his fist, smoke coiling out from between his fingers.

  “Him?” Ibrahim Khan had asked, thick eyebrows elevated in disbelief.

  His sovereign had shrugged, lifting massive, muscled shoulders. “As good as anyone else, Ibrahim. We know the rules ourselves. The only other man around is Zaman, and he’s useless, as you know. Should I have to call upon one of the flowers in my zenana instead?”

  Ibrahim grinned. “With respect, your Majesty, the women of your harem will only support you. And they’re likely to squeal or curse in horror when I defeat you. Calling on them is not conducive to an even playing field.”

  A small smile flitted across Shah Shuja’s face. And when it did, it lightened his features, brought a sparkle to his gray eyes, erased the embedded lines of worry on his forehead. Made him, so Ibrahim thought, more like the deeply powerful man he had known all of his life.

  A tiny spear of ache stabbed Ibrahim’s heart. They were far removed from what they had once been. Shuja had been born of a king—Shah Timur Durrani—whose father had established the Afghan Empire in the name of the Durrani dynasty. Timur had had many sons, of many wives, as was the established custom of the time. There was no law of primogeniture—the eldest son did not automatically inherit the throne. Nor was he gifted with quiescent brothers willing to live out their lives as governors of districts or provinces. At Timur’s death, the throne had changed hands four times, one son or the other claiming it for his own for a brief while, driven from it when another had amassed enough of a threatening army. And so Shuja had lost his kingdom to his half brother Shah Mahmud.

  Shah Shuja put a hand on Ibrahim’s shoulder. “First, you will not defeat me. How is that even possible?” When the younger man opened his mouth to protest, he stilled the words with a wave. “It’s true. I might be a little older, Ibrahim, and that only means I’ve been wrestling longer than you have. And second, my wives dote upon you. Although”— and he grinned again, a wicked gleam in his eye—“you will not win, they will minister to your injuries with enough of a fuss to make you happy.”

  Ibrahim bowed his head. “We’ll see, your Majesty.”

  Every now and then, Shuja and Ibrahim indulged themselves in the games and play of their childhood. There was so little else for them to do at Lahore in the Shalimar Gardens, a place where they had spent the last three years as “guests” of the wily Maharajah Ranjit Singh. This wrestling match was one such, conjured up late the night before, when the last cup of wine had been drunk, when the moon had skated downward into the dark sky, when the nautch girls had slunk away, and they had both been lying on their divans, twitchy with pent-up energy. What to do on the morrow? How to spend their time? Each day was like the others, the same views, the same fountains, the same watch upon the sun and the moon— to mark interminable time—gliding over that limited arc of sky above the gardens.

  The gardener had still been there last night, ensconced in a hollow in the trunk of the tamarind when they had both sprung up, vigorous, shouting for him to come to them.

  He was a small, old man, his face carved in deep wrinkles that spanned out around his inscrutable eyes and curved in two semicircles from his nose to his mouth. His skin was a deep, clayey brown. His lower lip was crushed inward—he had no bottom teeth—and when he spoke, it was with slow, measured words that echoed out of the cavern of that mouth. Shuja had tried Persian first. “Do you know the rules of wrestling, my friend?”

  He had stared at them, his chin swaying loosely in the lower half of his face. So Ibrahim had spoken to him in Urdu. Again, nothing. “Try Pashto,” Shuja had said in an undertone in that language. No luck there either. Why would he know an Afghani tongue, similar as it was to Persian, which he was more likely to understand? “Where does he come from?” Shah Shuja had said, exasperated. Ibrahim Khan had tried Hindustani last, having exhausted the little bit of Arabic he knew. And then, the old man’s mobile mouth had deepened into his face. “Ji, Sahib,” he’d said. And so, pulling words out of their hybrid vocabulary, they had explained that they needed him at the Shalimar Gardens at noon, to referee their wrestling match. They had taught him how to start the match, how to stop it at an illegal hold, how to impose a penalty, how to restart it.

  And now they stood at either end of the marble platform in the center of the pool in the middle terrace of the gardens, arms hanging loosely by their thighs. Aware, out of the corners of their eyes, of the old man under the tamarind.

  Shuja saw his hand move, and shifted quickly upon his toes. The old man put his fingers into his mouth and let out a tart, prolonged whistle. Shuja veered in surprise—this was not how he was supposed to start the match. In that brief moment of distraction, he heard Ibrahim’s feet smack on the heated marble floor before he flung himself on his king. Shuja fell backward, rocked off his balance. He felt his feet slipping, strained against Ibrahim, until they were locked in an embrace.

  Their breaths escaped in harsh puffs. Ibrahim was smaller than Shah Shuja, shorter by a head’s length, and he used that advantage to tuck his forehead under Shuja’s arm and crush his ribs. They spun around the marble platform, holding desperately on to each other.

  All of a sudden, Ibrahim’s clutch slackened, and his arm snaked from Shuja’s back to around his right thigh. He heaved. Shuja came crashing down upon his back. As Ibrahim straightened to straddle him, Shuja kicked out with his leg. Ibrahim flew into the air, briefly, before smashing to the floor himself.

  When Shuja sprang upon him, Ibrahim rolled away and bounded up. They were already sweating when they started the match, but now moisture poured down from the thick hair on their heads and their beards. Shuja grappled with the slick skin on Ibrahim’s legs—he had shaved his chest and legs that morning, so that Shuja would have no hair to hold on to— and finally wedged his fingers into the waistband of Ibrahim’s kispet. Yanked him down.

  Ibrahim yelled, “That’s an illegal hold, referee!”

  The old man, massaging his face in bemusement, whistled again. In the thick silence of the courtyard, the sound boomed. A flock of parrots in the tamarind rose in a protesting flurry of green feathers and red beaks and disappeared into the pale sky.

  Shuja and Ibrahim hurled out of the hold and went to opposite ends of the platform. Their chests heaved; their stomachs caved inward and out as they drew breath into their tired lungs, outlining their ribs and their hip bones. Agony flared in Shuja’s lower back. There was a shock of burning along his right forearm, which he had put out to take the brunt of the fall
. Ibrahim stood at his corner, wiping the sweat from his eyes, smiling.

  Smiling? Maybe there was some truth to the fact that he was younger and so stronger, Shuja thought. Although neither was really that old; Shah Shuja was thirty-two, Ibrahim twenty-nine.

  They had not talked since the first whistle; no gibes, no trash, no filling the opponent’s ear—and so his brain—with debilitating words. This was one of the rules of the game. It had to be played, and fought, in complete silence, with only muscle and brawn determining the winner. But the rules said nothing about facial expressions. An intimidating glare, a supercilious grin—like the one Ibrahim wore on his face— these were unaccountable quantities. Shah Shuja’s breathing quieted, he felt his body come to rest again. He flexed the muscles in his arms. A sliver of iron lodged itself in his spine.

  When the two minutes had passed, the old man, keeping count of the seconds by beating his crooked foot upon the ground and raising puffs of red mud, whistled again.

  Shuja hurtled across and barreled into Ibrahim’s chest. The force of the movement carried them over the knee-high marble lattice railing of the platform and out into the shallow pool. It was only luck that allowed them both to land upon the flat of the pool’s surface and not on one of the lotus-bud-shaped fountains that speared upward.