Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [1] διαπραξάμενοι δὲ ταῦτα καὶ τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον εὐτρεπισάμενοι τέως μὲν ὑπὸ τῇ πόλει τὰς δυνάμεις συνεῖχον ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις ὑπὸ σημείοις τε καὶ ἡγεμόσι τεταγμένας καὶ τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ἀσκούσας πυνθανόμενοι τοὺς φυγάδας ἐξ ἁπασῶν τῶν ἐν Τυρρηνίᾳ πόλεων ἀγείρειν ἐπὶ σφᾶς στρατόν, καὶ δύο μὲν πόλεις ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ συλλαμβάνειν αὐτοῖς τῆς καθόδου, Ταρκυνιήτας τε καὶ Οὐιεντανούς, ἀξιοχρέοις δυνάμεσιν ἀμφοτέρας, ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθελοντάς τινας, οὓς μὲν ὑπὸ φίλων παρασκευασθέντας, οὓς δὲ μισθοφόρους: [p. 160] ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἔμαθον ἐξεληλυθότας ἤδη τοὺς πολεμίους, ἀπαντᾶν αὐτοῖς ἔγνωσαν, καὶ πρὶν ἐκείνους διαβῆναι τὸν ποταμὸν αὐτοὶ τὰς δυνάμεις διαβιβάσαντες ἐχώρουν πρόσω, καὶ κατεστρατοπέδευσαν πλησίον Τυρρηνῶν ἐν λειμῶνι καλουμένῳ Ναιβίῳ παρὰ δρυμὸν

  [14.1] After they had instituted these measures and made the necessary preparations for the war, they for some time kept their forces assembled in the plains under the walls of the city, disposed under their various standards and leaders and performing their warlike exercises. For they had learned that the exiles were raising an army against them in all the cities of Tyrrhenia and that two of these cities, Tarquinii and Veii, were openly assisting them toward their restoration, both of them with considerable armies, and that from the other cities volunteers were coming to their aid, some of them being sent by their friends and some being mercenaries. When the Romans heard that their enemies had already taken the field, they resolved to go out and meet them, and before the others could cross the river they led their own forces across, and marching forward, encamped near the Tyrrhenians in the Naevian Meadow, as it was called, near a grove consecrated to the hero Horatius.

  [2] ἱερὸν ἥρωος Ὁρατίου. ἐτύγχανον δὲ πλήθει τε ἀγχώμαλοι μάλισθ᾽ αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν οὖσαι καὶ προθυμίᾳ ὁμοίᾳ χωροῦσαι πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀμφότεραι. πρώτη μὲν οὖν ἐγένετο τῶν ἱππέων μάχη βραχεῖά τις εὐθὺς ἅμα τῷ συνιδεῖν ἀλλήλους πρὶν ἢ τοὺς πεζοὺς καταστρατοπεδεύεσθαι, ἐν ᾗ διάπειραν ἀλλήλων λαβόντες καὶ οὔτε νικήσαντες οὔτε λειφθέντες πρὸς τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ἑκάτεροι χάρακας ἀπηλλάγησαν: ἔπειτα οἵ τε ὁπλῖται καὶ οἱ ἱππεῖς ἀφ᾽ ἑκατέρων συνῄεσαν ταξάμενοι τὸν αὐτὸν ἀλλήλοις τρόπον, μέσην μὲν τὴν φάλαγγα τῶν πεζῶν ποιήσαντες, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν κεράτων ἀμφοτέρων τὴν ἵππον στήσαντες.

  [2] Both armies, as it chanced, were nearly equal in numbers and advanced to the conflict with the same eagerness. The first engagement was a brief cavalry skirmish, as soon as they came in sight of one another, before the foot were encamped, in which they tested each other’s strength and then, without either winning or losing, retired to their respective camps. Afterwards the heavy-armed troops and the horse of both armies engaged, both sides having drawn up their lines in the same manner, placing the solid ranks of foot in the centre and stationing the horse on both wings.

  [3] ἡγεῖτο δὲ τοῦ μὲν δεξιοῦ Ῥωμαίων κέρατος Οὐαλέριος ὁ προσαιρεθεὶς ὕπατος ἐναντίαν στάσιν ἔχων Οὐιεντανοῖς, τοῦ δ᾽ εὐωνύμου Βροῦτος, καθ᾽ ὃ μέρος ἡ Ταρκυνιητῶν δύναμις ἦν: ἡγεμόνες δ᾽ αὐτὴν ἐκόσμουν οἱ Ταρκυνίου τοῦ βασιλέως παῖδες.

  [3] The right wing of the Romans was commanded by Valerius, the newly-elected consul, who stood opposite to the Veientes, and the left by Brutus, in the sector where the forces of the Tarquinienses were, under the command of the sons of King Tarquinius.

  [1] μελλόντων δ᾽ αὐτῶν εἰς χεῖρας ἰέναι προελθὼν ἐκ τῆς τάξεως τῶν Τυρρηνῶν εἷς τῶν Ταρκυνίου παίδων, Ἄρρους ὄνομα, ῥωμήν τε κράτιστος καὶ [p. 161] ψυχὴν λαμπρότατος τῶν ἀδελφῶν, ἐγγὺς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐλάσας τὸν ἵππον, ὅθεν μορφήν τε καὶ φωνὴν ἅπαντες ἔμελλον αὐτοῦ συνήσειν, λόγους ὑβριστὰς εἰς τὸν ἡγεμόνα τῶν Ῥωμαίων Βροῦτον ἀπερρίπτει, θηρίον ἄγριον ἀποκαλῶν καὶ τέκνων αἵματι μιαρόν, ἀνανδρίαν τ᾽ ἐν ταὐτῷ καὶ δειλίαν ὀνειδίζων, καὶ τελευτῶν εἰς τὸν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ἀγῶνα προὐκαλεῖτο μόνον αὑτῷ

  [15.1] When the armies were ready to engage, one of the sons of Tarquinius, named Arruns, the most remarkable of the brothers both for the strength of his body and the brilliance of his mind, advanced before the ranks of the Tyrrhenians, and riding up so close to the Romans that all of them would recognize both his person and his voice, hurled abusive taunts at Brutus, their commander, calling him a wild beast, one stained with the blood of his sons, and reproaching him with cowardice and cravenness, and finally challenged him to decide the general quarrel by fighting with him in single combat.

  [2] συνοισόμενον. κἀκεῖνος οὐκ ἀξιῶν τοὺς ὀνειδισμοὺς ὑπομένειν ἤλαυνε τὸν ἵππον ἐκ τῆς τάξεως, ὑπεριδὼν καὶ τῶν ἀποτρεπόντων φίλων ἐπὶ τὸν κατεψηφισμένον ὑπὸ τῆς μοίρας θάνατον ἐπειγόμενος. ὁμοίῳ δ᾽ ἀμφότεροι θυμῷ φερόμενοι καὶ λογισμὸν οὐχ ὧν πείσονται λαβόντες, ἀλλ᾽ ὧν ἐβούλοντο δρᾶσαι, συρράττουσι τοὺς ἵππους ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐλαύνοντες καὶ φέρουσι ταῖς σαρίσαις ἀφύκτους κατ᾽ ἀλλήλων πληγὰς ἀμφότεροι δι᾽ ἀσπίδων τε καὶ θωράκων, ὁ μὲν εἰς τὰ πλευρὰ βάψας τὴν αἰχμήν, ὁ δ᾽ εἰς τὰς λαγόνας: καὶ οἱ ἵπποι αὐτῶν ἐμπλέξαντες τὰ στήθη τῇ ῥύμῃ τῆς φορᾶς ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀπισθίοις ἀνίστανται ποσὶ καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας ἀναχαιτίσαντες ἀποσείονται.

  [2] Then Brutus, unable to bear these reproaches and deaf also to the remonstrances of his friends, spurred forward from the ranks, rushing upon the death that was decreed for him by fate. For both men, urged on by a like fury and taking thought, not of what they might suffer, but only of what they desired to do, rode full tilt at each other, and clashing, delivered unerring blows against each other with their pikes, piercing through shield and corslet, so that the point was buried in the flank of one and in the loins of the other; and their horses, crashing together breast to breast, rose upon their hind legs through the violence of the charge, and throwing back their heads, shook off their riders.

  [3] οὕτω μὲν δὴ πεσόντες ἔκειντο πολὺ διὰ τῶν τραυμάτων ἐκβάλλοντες αἷμα καὶ ψυχορραγοῦντες, αἱ δ᾽ ἄλλαι δυνάμεις ὡς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας εἶδον συμπεσόντας, ὠθοῦνται σὺν ἀλαλαγμῷ καὶ πατάγῳ, καὶ γίνεται μέγιστος ἁπάντων
ἀγὼν πεζῶν τε [p. 162]

  [3] These champions, accordingly, having fallen, lay there in their death agony, while streams of blood gushed from their wounds. But the two armies, when they saw that their leaders had fallen, pressed forward with shouts and the clash of arms, and the most violent of all battles ensued on the part of both foot and horse, the fortune of which was alike to both sides.

  [4] καὶ ἱππέων καὶ τύχη περὶ ἀμφοτέρους ὁμοία. Ῥωμαίων τε γὰρ οἱ τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας ἔχοντες, ἐφ᾽ οὗ τεταγμένος ἦν ὁ ἕτερος τῶν ὑπάτων Οὐαλέριος, ἐνίκων τοὺς Οὐιεντανοὺς καὶ μέχρι τοῦ στρατοπέδου διώξαντες ἐπλήρωσαν νεκρῶν τὸ πεδίον, Τυρρηνῶν τε οἱ τὴν τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατος ἔχοντες στάσιν, ὧν ἡγοῦντο Τῖτος καὶ Σέξτος οἱ Ταρκυνίου τοῦ βασιλέως παῖδες, ἐτρέψαντο τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ λαιοῦ ὄντας Ῥωμαίων κέρατος, καὶ πλησίον τοῦ χάρακος αὐτῶν γενόμενοι πείρας μὲν οὐκ ἀπέστησαν, εἰ δύναιντο ἑλεῖν τὸ ἔρυμα ἐξ ἐφόδου, πολλὰς δὲ πληγὰς λαβόντες ὑποστάντων αὐτοὺς τῶν ἔνδον ἀπετράποντο. ἦσαν δ᾽ αὐτοῦ φύλακες οἱ τριάριοι λεγόμενοι, παλαιοί τε καὶ πολλῶν ἔμπειροι πολέμων, οἷς ἐσχάτοις, ὅταν ἀπογνωσθῇ πᾶσα ἐλπίς, εἰς τοὺς περὶ τῶν μεγίστων ἀγῶνας καταχρῶνται.

  [4] For those of the Romans who were on the right wing, which was commanded by Valerius, the other consul, were victorious over the Veientes, and pursuing them to their camp, covered the plain with dead bodies; while those of the Tyrrhenians who were posted on the enemy’s right wing and commanded by Titus and Sextus, the sons of King Tarquinius, put the left wing of the Romans the son of flight, and advancing close to their camp, did not fail to attempt to take it by storm; but after receiving many wounds, since those inside stood their ground, they desisted. These guards were the triarii, as they are called; they are veteran troops, experienced in many wars, and are always the last employed in the most critical fighting, when every other hope is lost.

  [1] ἤδη δὲ περὶ καταφορὰν ὄντος ἡλίου πρὸς τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ἀνέστρεψαν ἑκάτεροι χάρακας, οὐ τοσοῦτον ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ χαίροντες, ὅσον ἐπὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἀπολωλότων ἀχθόμενοι καί, εἰ δεήσειεν αὐτοῖς ἑτέρας μάχης, οὐχ ἱκανοὺς ἡγούμενοι τὸν ἀγῶνα ἄρασθαι τοὺς περιλειπομένους σφῶν τραυματίας τοὺς πολλοὺς ὄντας.

  [16.1] The sun being now near setting, both armies retired to their camps, not so much elated by their victory as grieved at the numbers they had lost, and believing that, if it should be necessary for them to have another battle, those of them now left would be insufficient to carry on the struggle, the major part of them being wounded.

  [2] πλείων δ᾽ ἦν περὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἀθυμία καὶ ἀπόγνωσις τῶν πραγμάτων διὰ τὸν τοῦ ἡγεμόνος θάνατον: καὶ λογισμὸς εἰσῄει πολλοῖς, ὡς ἄμεινον εἴη σφίσιν ἐκλιπεῖν τὸν χάρακα πρὶν ἡμέραν γενέσθαι. τοιαῦτα δ᾽ αὐτῶν διανοουμένων καὶ διαλεγομένων πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ τὴν πρώτην που μάλιστα φυλακὴν [p. 163] ἐκ τοῦ δρυμοῦ, παρ᾽ ὃν ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο, φωνή τις ἠκούσθη ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἀμφοτέραις γεγονυῖα, ὥσθ᾽ ἅπαντας αὐτοὺς ἀκούειν εἴτε τοῦ κατέχοντος τὸ τέμενος ἥρωος εἴτε τοῦ καλουμένου Φαύνου.

  [2] But there was greater dejection and despair of their cause on the side of the Romans because of the death of their leader; and the thought occurred to many of them that it would be better for them to quit their camp before break of day. While they were considering these things and discussing them among themselves, about the time of the first watch a voice was heard from the grove near which they were encamped, calling aloud to both armies in such a manner as to be heard by all of them; it may have been the voice of the hero to whom the precinct was consecrated, or it may have been that of Faunus, as he is called.

  [3] τούτῳ γὰρ ἀνατιθέασι τῷ δαίμονι Ῥωμαῖοι τὰ πανικὰ καὶ ὅσα φάσματα μορφὰς ἄλλοτε ἀλλοίας ἴσχοντα εἰς ὄψιν ἀνθρώπων ἔρχεται δείματα φέροντα, ἢ φωναὶ δαιμόνιοι ταράττουσι τὰς ἀκοὰς τούτου φασὶν εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἔργον. ἡ δὲ τοῦ δαιμονίου φωνὴ θαρρεῖν παρεκελεύετο τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ὡς νενικηκόσιν, ἑνὶ πλείους εἶναι τοὺς τῶν πολεμίων ἀποφαίνουσα νεκρούς. ταύτῃ λέγουσι τῇ φωνῇ τὸν Οὐαλέριον ἐπαρθέντα νυκτὸς ἔτι πολλῆς ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ὤσασθαι καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν ἀποκτείναντα ἐξ αὐτῶν, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐκβαλόντα κρατῆσαι τοῦ στρατοπέδου.

  [3] For the Romans attribute panics to this divinity; and whatever apparitions come to men’s sight, now in one shape and now in another, inspiring terror, or whatever supernatural voices come to their ears to disturb them are the work, they say, of this god. The voice of the divinity exhorted the Romans to be of good courage, as having gained the victory, and declared that the enemy’s dead exceeded theirs by one man. They say that Valerius, encouraged by this voice, pushed on to the Tyrrhenians’ entrenchments while it was still the dead of night, and having slain many of them and driven the rest out of the camp, made himself master of it.

  [1] τοιοῦτο μὲν ἡ μάχη τέλος ἔλαβεν: τῇ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ σκυλεύσαντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τοὺς τῶν πολεμίων νεκροὺς καὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν θάψαντες ἀπῄεσαν. τὸ δὲ Βρούτου σῶμα ἀράμενοι μετὰ πολλῶν ἐπαίνων τε καὶ δακρύων εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἀπεκόμιζον οἱ κράτιστοι τῶν ἱππέων στεφάνοις κεκοσμημένον ἀριστείοις.

  [17.1] Such was the outcome of the battle. The next day the Romans, having stripped the enemy’s dead and buried their own, returned home. The bravest of the knight took up the body of Brutus and with many praises and tears bore it back to Rome, adorned with crowns in token of his superior valour.

  [2] ὑπήντα δ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἥ τε βουλὴ θριάμβου καταγωγῇ ψηφισαμένη κοσμῆσαι τὸν ἡγεμόνα, καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἅπας κρατῆρσι καὶ τραπέζαις ὑποδεχόμενος τὴν στρατιάν. ὡς δ᾽ εἰς [p. 164] τὴν πόλιν ἀφίκοντο, πομπεύσας ὁ ὕπατος, ὡς τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἔθος ἦν, ὅτε τὰς τροπαιφόρους πομπάς τε καὶ θυσίας ἐπιτελοῖεν, καὶ τὰ σκῦλα τοῖς θεοῖς ἀναθείς, ἐκείνην μὲν τὴν ἡμέραν ἱερὰν ἀνῆκε καὶ τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους τῶν πολιτῶν ἑστιάσει προθεὶς ὑπεδέχετο: τῇ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ φαιὰν ἐσθῆτα λαβὼν καὶ τὸ Βρούτου σῶμα προθεὶς ἐν ἀγορᾷ κεκοσμημένον ἐπὶ στρωμνῆς ἐκπρεποῦς συνεκάλει τὸν δῆμον εἰ
ς ἐκκλησίαν καὶ προελθὼν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα τὸν ἐπιτάφιον ἔλεξεν ἐπ᾽

  [2] They were met by the senate, which had decreed a triumph in honour of their leader, and also by all the people, who received the army with bowls of wine and tables spread with viands. When they came into the city, the consul triumphed according to the custom followed by the kings when they conducted the trophy-bearing processions and the sacrifices, and having consecrated the spoils to the gods, he observed that day as sacred and gave a banquet to the most distinguished of the citizens. But on the next day he arrayed himself in dark clothing, and placing the body of Brutus, suitably adorned, upon a magnificent bier in the Forum, he called the people together in assembly, and advancing to the tribunal, delivered the funeral oration in his honour.

  [3] 7 αὐτῷ λόγον. εἰ μὲν οὖν Οὐαλέριος πρῶτος κατεστήσατο τὸν νόμον τόνδε Ῥωμαίοις ἢ κείμενον ὑπὸ τῶν βασιλέων παρέλαβεν, οὐκ ἔχω τὸ σαφὲς εἰπεῖν: ὅτι δὲ Ῥωμαίων ἐστὶν ἀρχαῖον εὕρεμα τὸ παρὰ τὰς ταφὰς τῶν ἐπισήμων ἀνδρῶν ἐπαίνους τῆς ἀρετῆς αὐτῶν λέγεσθαι καὶ οὐχ Ἕλληνες αὐτὸ κατεστήσαντο πρῶτοι, παρὰ τῆς κοινῆς ἱστορίας οἶδα μαθών, ἣν ποιητῶν τε οἱ παλαιότατοι καὶ συγγραφέων οἱ λογιώτατοι παραδεδώκασιν.