Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79)

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus

  [3] In this year was completed the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, of which I gave a detailed description in the preceding Book. This temple was dedicated by Marcus Horatius, one of the consuls, and inscribed with his name before the arrival of his colleague; for at that time it chanced that Valerius had set out with an army to the aid of the country districts. For as soon as the people had left the fortresses and returned to the fields, Mamilius had sent bands of robbers and done great injury to the husbandmen. These were the achievements of the third consulship.

  [1] οἱ δὲ τὸν τέταρτον ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρξαντες ὕπατοι Σπόριος Λάρκιος καὶ Τῖτος Ἑρμίνιος ἄνευ πολέμου τὴν ἀρχὴν διετέλεσαν. ἐπὶ τούτων Ἄρρος ὁ Πορσίνου τοῦ Τυρρηνῶν βασιλέως υἱὸς τὴν Ἀρικηνῶν πόλιν δεύτερον ἔτος ἤδη πολιορκῶν ἐτελεύτησεν.

  [36.1] The consuls for the fourth year, Spurius Larcius and Titus Herminius, went through their term of office without war. In their consulship Arruns, the son of Porsena, king of the Tyrrhenians, died while besieging the city of Aricia for the second year.

  [2] εὐθὺς γὰρ ἅμα τῷ γενέσθαι τὰς Ῥωμαίων σπονδὰς τὴν ἡμίσειαν τῆς στρατιᾶς μοῖραν παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς λαβὼν ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀρικηνοὺς ἰδίαν κατασκευαζόμενος [p. 190] ἀρχὴν καὶ μικροῦ δεήσας τὴν πόλιν ἑλεῖν, ἐλθούσης τοῖς Ἀρικηνοῖς ἐπικουρίας ἔκ τ᾽ Ἀντίου καὶ Τύσκλου καὶ τῆς Καμπανίδος Κύμης, παραταξάμενος ἐλάττονι δυνάμει πρὸς μείζονα τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἐτρέψατο καὶ μέχρι τῆς πόλεως ἤλασεν, ὑπὸ δὲ Κυμαίων, οὓς ἦγεν Ἀριστόδημος ὁ Μαλακὸς ἐπικαλούμενος, νικηθεὶς ἀποθνήσκει, καὶ ἡ στρατιὰ τῶν Τυρρηνῶν μετὰ

  [2] For as soon as peace was made with the Romans, he got from his father one half of the army and led an expedition against the Aricians, with a view of establishing a dominion of his own. When he had all but taken the city, aid came to the Aricians from Antium, Tusculum, and Cumae in Campania; nevertheless, arraying his small army against a superior force, he put most of them to flight and drove them back to the city. But he was defeated by the Cumaeans under the command of Aristodemus, surnamed the Effeminate, and lost his life, and the Tyrrhenian army, no longer making a stand after his death, turned to flight.

  [3] τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν οὐκέτι ὑπομείνασα τρέπεται πρὸς φυγήν. πολλοὶ μὲν δὴ αὐτῶν διωκόμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν Κυμαίων διεφθάρησαν, ἄλλοι δὲ πλείους σκεδασθέντες ἀνὰ τὴν χώραν εἰς τοὺς ἀγροὺς τῶν Ῥωμαίων οὐ πολὺ ἀπέχοντας κατέφυγον ὅπλα τ᾽ ἀπολωλεκότες καὶ ὑπὸ τραυμάτων ἀδύνατοι ὄντες ἐπὶ τὰ προσωτέρω χωρεῖν. οὓς ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι κατακομίζοντες εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἁμάξαις τε καὶ ἀπήναις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑποζυγίοις ἡμιθνῆτας ἐνίους, καὶ φέροντες εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν οἰκίας τροφαῖς τε καὶ θεραπείαις καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις φιλανθρωπίαις πολὺ τὸ συμπαθὲς ἐχούσαις ἀνελάμβανον: ὥστε πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ταῖς χάρισι ταύταις ὑπαχθέντας μηκέτι τῆς οἴκαδε ἀφίξεως πόθον ἔχειν,

  [3] Many of them were killed in the pursuit by the Cumaeans, but many more, dispersing themselves about the country, fled into the fields of the Romans, which were not far distant, having lost their arms and being unable by reason of their wounds to proceed farther. There, some of them half dead, the Romans brought from the fields into the city upon wagons and mule-carts and upon beasts of burden also, and carrying them to their own houses, restored them to health with food and nursing every other sort of kindness that great compassion can show; so that many of them, induced by these kindly services, no longer felt any desire to return home but wished to remain with their benefactors.

  [4] ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖς εὐεργέταις σφῶν βούλεσθαι καταμένειν: οἷς ἔδωκεν ἡ βουλὴ χῶρον τῆς πόλεως, ἔνθα οἰκήσεις ἔμελλον κατασκευάσασθαι, τὸν μεταξὺ τοῦ τε Παλατίου καὶ τοῦ Καπιτωλίου τέτταρσι μάλιστα μηκυνόμενον σταδίοις αὐλῶνα, ὃς καὶ μέχρις ἐμοῦ Τυρρηνῶν οἴκησις [p. 191] ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καλεῖται κατὰ τὴν ἐπιχώριον διάλεκτον ἡ φέρουσα δίοδος ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν μέγαν ἱππόδρομον. ἄνθ᾽ ὧν εὕροντο παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως αὐτῶν δωρεὰν οὐ τὴν ἐλαχίστου ἀξίαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ᾗ μάλιστα ἥσθησαν, τὴν πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ χώραν, ἧς ἀπέστησαν ὅτε διελύοντο τὸν πόλεμον: καὶ θυσίας ἀπέδοσαν τοῖς θεοῖς ἀπὸ χρημάτων πολλῶν, ἃς εὔξαντο γενόμενοι πάλιν τῶν Ἑπτὰ πάγων κύριοι συντελέσειν.

  [4] To these the senate gave, as a place in the city for build houses, the valley which extends between the Palatine and Capitoline hills for a distance of about four stades; in consequence of which even down to my time the Romans in their own language give the name of Vicus Tuscus or “the habitation of the Tyrrhenians,” to the thoroughfare that leads from the Forum to the Circus Maximus. In consideration of these services the Romans received from the Tyrrhenian king a gift of no slight value, but one which gave them the greatest satisfaction. This was the territory beyond the river which they had ceded when they put an end to the war. And they now performed sacrifices to the gods at great expense which they had vowed to offer up whenever they should again be masters of the Seven Districts.

  [1] ἐνιαυτῷ δὲ πέμπτῳ μετὰ τὴν ἐκβολὴν τοῦ βασιλέως, ὀλυμπιὰς μὲν ἦν ἐνάτη καὶ ἑξηκοστή, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Ἰσχόμαχος Κροτωνιάτης τὸ δεύτερον, ἄρχων δ᾽ Ἀθήνησιν Ἀκεστορίδης, ὕπατοι δὲ Ῥωμαίων Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος ἀδελφὸς Οὐαλερίου Ποπλικόλα καὶ

  [37.1] The fifth year after the expulsion of the king occurred the sixty-ninth Olympiad, at which Ischomachus of Croton won the foot-race for the second time, Acestorides being archon at Athens, and Marcus Valerius, brother of Valerius Publicola, and Publius Postumius, surnamed Tubertus, consuls at Rome.

  [2] Πόπλιος Ποστόμιος Τούβερτος ἐπικαλούμενος. ἐπὶ τούτων ἕτερος ἐξεδέξατο Ῥωμαίους πόλεμος ἐκ τῶν ἔγγιστα οἰκούντων, ὃς ἤρξατο μὲν ἀπὸ λῃστηρίων, προὔβη δ᾽ εἰς πολλοὺς καὶ μεγάλους ἀγῶνας, ἐχώρησε μέντοι τελευτῶν εἰς διαλλαγὰς εὐπρεπεῖς ἐπὶ τῆς τετάρτης μετὰ τούσδε τοὺς ἄνδρας ὑπατείας πάντα τὸν μεταξὺ χρόνον πολεμηθείς. Σαβίνων γάρ τινες καταγνόντες ἀσθένειαν τῆς πόλεως ἐκ τοῦ Τυρρηνικοῦ πταίσματος, ὡς οὐκέτι τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἀξίωσιν ἀναληψομένης, ἐπετίθεντο τοῖς εἰς τὴν χώραν κατιοῦσιν ἐκ τῶν ἐρυμάτων λῃστήρια καταστησάμενοι, καὶ πολ
λὰ τοὺς γεωργοὺς [p. 192]

  [2] In their consulship another war awaited the Romans, this one stirred up by their nearest neighbours. It began with acts of brigandage and developed into many important engagements; however, it ended in an honourable peace in the third consulship after this one, having been carried on during that whole interval without intermission. For some of the Sabines, deciding that the commonwealth was weakened by the defeat she had received from the Tyrrhenians and would never be able to recover her ancient prestige, attacked those who came down into the wood fields from the strongholds by organizing bands of robbers, and they caused many injuries to the husbandmen.

  [3] ἔβλαπτον. ὑπὲρ ὧν ἀποστείλαντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι πρεσβείαν πρὶν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα χωρῆσαι δίκας ᾔτουν καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἠξίουν μηδὲν εἰς τοὺς ἐργαζομένους τὴν γῆν παρανομεῖν. αὐθάδεις δὲ λαβόντες ἀποκρίσεις προεῖπον αὐτοῖς τὸν πόλεμον. καὶ γίνεται ἡ μὲν πρώτη ἔξοδος ἑνὸς τῶν ὑπάτων Οὐαλερίου σὺν ἱππεῦσι καὶ ψιλῶν τοῖς ἀκμαιοτάτοις αἰφνίδιος ἐπὶ τοὺς λῃιζομένους τὴν χώραν καὶ φόνος τῶν καταληφθέντων ἐν ταῖς προνομαῖς συχνῶν ὄντων πολύς, οἷα εἰκὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀσυντάκτων 14 τε καὶ οὐ προῃσθημένων τὴν ἔφοδον.

  [3] For these acts the Romans, sending an embassy before resorting to arms, sought satisfaction and demanded that for the future they should commit no lawless acts against those who cultivated the land; and having received a haughty answer, they declared war against them. First an expedition was conducted by one of the consuls, who with the horse and the flower of the light-armed foot fell suddenly upon those who were laying waste the country; and there was great slaughter among the many men surprised most their plundering, as may well be imagined, since they were keeping no order and had no warning of the attack.

  [4] ἔπειτα τῶν Σαβίνων πολλὴν ἀποστειλάντων ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς στρατιὰν ὑφ᾽ ἡγεμόνι τεταγμένην ἐμπείρῳ πολέμου Ῥωμαίων ἑτέρα γίνεται ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἔξοδος ἁπάσαις ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἀγόντων ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ὑπάτων. Ποστόμιος μὲν οὖν πλησίον τῆς Ῥώμης ἐν ὀρεινοῖς τόποις κατεστρατοπέδευσε δεδιώς, μή τις ἔφοδος ἐκ τῶν φυγάδων ἐπ᾽ αὐτὴν γένηται αἰφνίδιος: Οὐαλέριος δ᾽ ἐγγὺς τῶν πολεμίων παρὰ ποταμὸν Ἀνίητα, ὃς ἐκ πόλεως μὲν Τιβύρων καθ᾽ ὑψηλοῦ πολὺς ἐκχεῖται σκοπέλου, φέρεται δὲ διὰ τῆς Σαβίνων τε καὶ Ῥωμαίων πεδιάδος ὁρίζων τὴν ἑκατέρων χώραν: συνάπτει δὲ τὸ ῥεῦμα τῷ Τεβέρει ποταμῷ καλὸς μὲν ὀφθῆναι, γλυκὺς δὲ πίνεσθαι.

  [4] Afterwards, when the Sabines sent a large army against them commanded by a general experienced in war, the Romans made another expedition against them with all their forces, led by both consuls. Postumius encamped on heights near Rome, fearing lest some sudden attempt might be made upon the city by the exiles; and Valerius posted himself not far from the enemy, on the bank of the river Anio, which after passing through the city of Tibur pours in a vast torrent from a high rock, and running through the plain belonging to both the Sabines and the Romans, serves as a boundary to both their territories, after which this river, which is fair to look upon and sweet to drink, mingles its stream with the Tiber.

  [1] ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἑτέρων τοῦ ποταμοῦ μερῶν ἡ τῶν Σαβίνων ἔκειτο παρεμβολὴ τοῦ ῥεύματος οὐδ᾽ αὐτὴ πολὺν ἀπέχουσα τόπον ἐπὶ γεωλόφου τινὸς ἠρέμα [p. 193] κατακλινοῦς οὐ σφόδρα ἐχυροῦ. κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν οὖν δἰ εὐλαβείας εἶχον ἀλλήλους ἑκάτεροι καὶ μάχης ἄρχειν διαβάντες τὸν ποταμὸν ὤκνουν, χρόνῳ δ᾽ ὕστερον οὐ κατὰ λογισμὸν καὶ πρόνοιαν τοῦ συμφέροντος, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ὀργῆς τε καὶ φιλονεικίας ἐξαφθέντες συνάπτουσι μάχην.

  [38.1] On the other side of the river was placed the camp of the Sabines, this too at no great distance from the stream, upon a gently sloping hill that was not very strongly situated. At first both armies observed one another with caution and were unwilling to cross the river and begin an engagement. But after a time they were no longer guided by reason and a prudent regard for their advantage, but becoming inflamed with anger and rivalry, they joined battle.

  [2] ὑδρευόμενοι γὰρ καὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἄγοντες ἐπὶ τὸν πότον ἐνέβαινον ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῦ ποταμοῦ: βραχὺς δ᾽ ἔρρει τηνικαῦτα οὔπω τοῖς χειμερινοῖς ὕδασι πληθύων, ὥστ᾽ ὀλίγον ὑπὲρ τοῦ γόνατος ἔχοντες αὐτὸν ἐπεραιοῦντο. συμπλοκῆς δή τινος πρῶτον ὀλίγοις πρὸς οὐ πολλοὺς γινομένης ἐξέδραμόν τινες ἐπικουροῦντες τοῖς σφετέροις ἐξ ἑκατέρου χάρακος: ἔπειθ᾽ ἕτεροι πάλιν ἀμυνοῦντες τοῖς κατισχυομένοις ἐκ θατέρου: καὶ τοτὲ μὲν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τοὺς Σαβίνους ἀνέστελλον ἀπὸ τοῦ νάματος, τοτὲ δ᾽ οἱ Σαβῖνοι τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐξεῖργον τοῦ ποταμοῦ.

  [2] For, going to the river for water and leading their horses there to drink, they advanced a good way into the stream, which was then low, not yet being swollen with the winter’s rains, so that they crossed it without having the water much above their knees. And first, when a skirmish occurred between small parties, some ran out of each camp to assist their comrades, then others again from one camp or the other to aid those who were being overpowered. And at times the Romans forced the Sabines back from the river, at times the Sabines kept the Romans from it.

  [3] πολλῶν δὲ φόνων καὶ τραυμάτων γενομένων καὶ φιλονεικίας ἅπασιν ἐμπεσούσης, οἷα περὶ τὰς ἁψιμαχίας τὰς ἐκ καιροῦ συμπεσούσας γίνεσθαι φιλεῖ, προθυμία τοῖς ἡγεμόσι τῶν στρατοπέδων ὁμοία παρέστη διαβαίνειν τὸν ποταμόν.

  [3] Then, after many had been killed and wounded and a spirit of rivalry had possessed them all, as is apt to happen when skirmishes occur on the spur of the moment, the generals of both armies felt the same eagerness to cross the river.

  [4] ἔφθασε δὲ πρῶτος ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὕπατος καὶ διαβιβάσας τὸν στρατὸν ἔτι τῶν Σαβίνων ὁπλιζομένων τε καὶ εἰς τάξιν καθισταμένων ἐν χερσὶν ἦν. οὐ μὴν ἐμέλλησάν γ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι θέσθαι μάχην, καταφρονήσει πολλῇ ἐπαρθέντες, ὅτι οὔτε πρὸς ἀμφοτέρους τοὺς ὑπάτους οὔτε πρὸς ἅπασαν τὴν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν ἔμελλον ἀγωνιεῖσθαι, καὶ συρράξαντες [p. 194] ἐμάχοντο πᾶσαν εὐτολμίαν καὶ προθυμίαν ἀποδεικνύμενοι.

  [4] But the Roman consul got the start of the enemy, and after getting his army across, was already close upon the Sabines while they were still arming themselves and taking their positions. However, they too were not backward in engaging, but, elated with a
contempt of their foes, since they were not going to fight against both consuls nor the whole Roman army, they joined battle with all the boldness and eagerness imaginable.

  [1] ἀγῶνος δὲ καρτεροῦ γενομένου καὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων κέρατος, ἔνθα ἦν ὁ ὕπατος, ἐπιβαίνοντος τοῖς ἐναντίοις καὶ προσωτέρω χωροῦντος, τοῦ δ᾽ εὐωνύμου κάμνοντος ἤδη καὶ πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἐξωθουμένου, μαθὼν τὸ γινόμενον ὁ τὴν ἑτέραν τῶν Ῥωμαίων παρεμβολὴν κατέχων ὕπατος ἐξῆγε τὴν στρατιάν.

  [39.1] A vigorous action ensuing and the right wing of the Romans, commanded by the consul, attacking the enemy and gaining ground, while their left was already in difficulties and being forced towards the river by the enemy, the consul, who commanded the other camp, being informed of what was passing, proceeded to lead out his army.

  [2] αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν τὴν φάλαγγα τῶν πεζῶν ἐπαγόμενος βάδην ἠκολούθει: τῶν δὲ πρεσβυτέρων Σπόριον Λάρκιον τὸν ὑπατεύσαντα τῷ παρελθόντι ἐνιαυτῷ τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἄγοντα πέμπει κατὰ σπουδήν: ὃς ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος τοὺς ἵππους ἐλαύνων τόν τε ποταμὸν διαπεραιοῦται κωλύοντος οὐδενὸς εὐπετῶς καὶ κατὰ τὸ δεξιὸν τῶν πολεμίων κέρας παριππεύσας, ἐνσείει πλαγίοις τοῖς ἱππεῦσι τῶν Σαβίνων: καὶ γίνεται μέγας αὐτόθι τῶν ἱππέων ἀμφοτέρων συστάδην μαχομένων ἐπὶ χρόνον πολὺν ἀγών.